wolfgang amadeus mozart
(Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, 1756-1791)
Mozart was an outstanding Austrian composer who was born in Salzburg to a court musician. He has shown outstanding musical talent since he was a teenager, and his life works are extremely rich. The most important field of his creation is opera, with 22 pieces, and another important part is symphony, with 45 pieces. His music creation not only inherited and developed the achievements of Haydn and other predecessors, but also had an important influence on the creation of Beethoven and others later.
Mozart may not be the greatest composer, but he is definitely recognized as the greatest musical genius. Even Tchaikovsky, who was arrogant all his life, called him the Christ of music. Someone once said, "There was a bright moment in the history of music, when all the opponents were reconciled and all the tensions were eliminated, and that bright moment was Mozart."
wolfgang mozart was born in Salzburg in 1756. Since he was a child, he has shown his unparalleled musical talent: he started playing the piano at the age of 3, started composing music at the age of 6, wrote his first symphony at the age of 8, finished his first opera at the age of 11, and performed it as a conductor at the age of 14. It can be said that Mozart was born for music, and from the moment he was born, he was integrated with music.
At the age of 16, Mozart was appointed as an organist at Salzburg Court. Although Mozart created a lot of excellent works during this period, he couldn't stand the bossing and bullying of the Archbishop of Salzburg. There, Mozart was just a servant who could play the piano. He once described his companions at the palace dinner to his father like this: two footmen, a housekeeper, a dim sum master, two chefs, and the footmen were seated at the top table, and Mozart was above the chefs. Finally, in 1781, Mozart broke away from the dependence on the archbishop, became the first free composer in history, and came to Vienna for development. In Vienna, Mozart made a living by teaching private students, giving concerts and publishing works. During this period, Mozart came into contact with Bach and Handel's works and got to know Haydn, thus enriching his musical ideas.
In Vienna, Mozart's musical achievements are amazing. He once described his musical creation as follows: "No matter how long the work is, it is completed in my mind. I took out what I had already stored from my memory. Therefore, the speed of writing on paper is quite fast, because everything is complete, and its appearance on paper is almost the same as I imagined. So I am not afraid of being disturbed at work. No matter what happens, I can even write and talk. " Pity is such a genius, but he died of cold when he was in his prime, at the age of 35. On the last day of his life (December 9, 1971), he was still composing. Unfortunately, God was jealous of talents. Mozart left his unfinished Requiem and died, which became one of the biggest regrets in the history of music.
Although Mozart's life was full of ups and downs, his music always brought people real pure beauty. Romain rolland, a famous music critic, commented on Mozart as follows: "His music is a portrait of life, but it is a beautified life. Although melody is a reflection of the spirit, it must please the spirit without hurting the body or hearing. Therefore, in Mozart's view, music is the expression of harmony in life. Not only his operas, but also all his works. His music, no matter how it looks, always points to the mind rather than intelligence, and always expresses emotions or passions, but there is no unpleasant or abrupt passion. "
Of course, a complete comment on Mozart's music cannot be expressed by nearly a thousand words here. To truly understand Mozart, the most important thing is to listen to his works, and almost every one of his more than a thousand works is an extraordinary classic.
Main works:
The Wedding of Figaro
Don Juan
The Magic Flute
Symphony No.39 in E flat
Symphony No.4 in G minor
Symphony No.41 in C major < Cupid > Piano Concerto No.21 in C major
Piano Concerto No.23 in A major
Other String Quartet Hunting
Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-189)
A famous Austrian composer and the earliest representative of the Viennese classical school. I studied music under very difficult conditions since I was a child. In 1761, he worked as a musician in the house of the Duke of Estehachi. His work was extremely heavy, but his status was very low. But he created a lot of works in a difficult environment, and by the early 199 s, he became the leading musician at that time. After two trips to London, he wrote twelve London Symphonies, which were the best works in his life and became famous all over Europe. His creation covers a wide range, among which symphony and string quartet are the most outstanding. He fixed the symphony in the form of four movements and formed a complete symphony orchestra on the orchestration, which laid the foundation for the development of modern symphony.
His music is rich in melody, and often reveals a simple and cheerful country atmosphere. In the creation of quartets, the "principle of speaking" is often used, that is, the themes of each department echo each other like a conversation, which has both clear melody and polyphonic beauty. In addition, he often used "the principle of flexible theme" in the development of music, which directly inspired Beethoven's "motivation development". Haydn is also the author of the current German national anthem.
Major works:
Symphony of Astonishment
Gioacchinorossini (1792 ~ 1868)
One of the three outstanding Italian operas in the first half of the 19th century. Born in Besalo, Italy. At the age of ten, he studied harmony from Tisser and counterpoint from Matthew in Bologna Conservatory of Music. Influenced by his mother as an opera singer, he began to study opera at the age of fourteen. Ten years later, The Haircut Handsome in Seville, a masterpiece of Italian comic opera with vivid language, free form and full of fantasy, is the essence of Italian comedy. His creation inherits the Italian tradition of paying attention to melody and bel canto, and his music is full of dazzling decoration and humorous and joyful spirit, and absorbs the techniques of Beethoven, a contemporary composer, and uses orchestral music to replace and enrich the accompaniment of the ancient piano, which was only used for pitch prompting. William tell, a masterpiece written in 1829, reflected the desire of national autonomy and promoted the formation of grand opera genre. After nearly forty years, I didn't do opera. Among the nearly forty operas, Cinderella, The Magpie Stealing, Othello, Moses, etc.
Representative works:
The Barber of Seville and william tell
Le Sheng: Beethoven (177 ~ 1827)
One of the greatest musicians in modern times. Born in a civilian family in Bonn, Germany, his father was a singer in a church choir. Because he showed his musical talent very early, his father forced him to practice the piano day and night. At the age of eight, he began to perform on stage and at the same time shouldered the burden of family life. In 1792, he went to Vienna for further study and made rapid progress in art. Believe in * * * and advocate heroes. He has produced a large number of outstanding works with the flavor of the times, such as the symphony Hero and Destiny. Overture Egmont; Piano sonatas Pathetique, Moonlight, Tempest, Enthusiasm and so on. I had a rough life and didn't build a family. At the age of twenty-six, I began to be deaf, and I was completely deaf in my later years. I could only talk to people through a conversation book. However, his lonely life did not make him silent and retired. In the feudal restoration era, when all progressive thoughts were banned, he still adhered to the political belief of "freedom and equality", shouted for * * * and ideals through his speeches and works, and wrote the immortal Ninth Symphony. His works have distinct personality, which has great development compared with predecessors, involving almost all music genres at that time; Greatly improve the expressive force of the piano, so that it can obtain a symphonic dramatic effect; It also makes symphony an important music form that directly reflects social changes. He concentrated the essence of classical music and opened up the road of romantic music.
Beethoven believed in * * * and advocated heroes, and created a large number of outstanding works full of the flavor of the times, such as the symphonies Hero and Destiny; Overture "Egmont"; Piano sonatas Pathetique, Moonlight, Tempest, Enthusiasm and so on. Beethoven, as a master of classical music, pioneered music in the romantic period, and played a decisive role in the development of world music, so he was honored as the "Saint of Music".
F. Mendelssohn (189-1847)
German composer. Born into a banker's family. Since 1822, he has gone to Switzerland, Paris, England, London, Italy and Rome for creative and performance activities.
Mendelssohn's main works are: Scottish Symphony, Italian Symphony and other five symphonies; Orchestral overture A Midsummer Night's Dream, finger Cave and Violin Concerto in E minor; Forty-eight piano songs without words, as well as instrumental and vocal works with various themes and genres.
Mendelssohn's works are beautiful and vivid in style, complete and rigorous in structure and exquisite in orchestration. In 1829, he conducted and performed Bach's "Matthew's Passion", which enabled Bach's masterpiece to occupy an important position in the music world. He also helped Schumann establish the first conservatory of music in Germany.
Schubert (F. Schubert, 1797——1828)
Austrian composer. Born into a teacher's family in Vienna. In 185, he began to learn violin and piano with his father and brother. In 188, he entered the Imperial Theological Seminary. In 1812, he studied composition with Salieri.
Schubert * * * wrote fourteen operas, nine symphonies, more than one hundred choruses and more than five hundred songs. Among them, the most famous ones are: Unfinished Symphony and Symphony in C Major, death and the maiden Quartet, Trout Quintet, Vocal Suite Beautiful Mill Girl, Winter Journey and Swan Song.
Schubert is the pioneer of artistic songs, a new romantic music genre in European music history. Schubert has made great contributions to song structure, melody, harmony and piano accompaniment.
Giuseppe Verdi (1813 ~ 191)
A great Italian composer. Born in busetto, Parma Province. In 1832, he entered Milan Conservatory of Music, but was not admitted. Later, he studied music with lavinia. In 1842, he composed his second opera "The King of Nabucco", which was a great success and became a first-class composer in Italy. At that time, Italy was in the revolutionary wave of getting rid of Austrian rule. He inspired people to struggle with his opera works Lombardy (1848), Ernani (18744), La Arzi (1846), Battle of Leniano (1849) and revolutionary songs, so he won the title of "Musician Master of Italian Revolution".
in the 195s, his creation reached its peak, and he wrote seven operas, including jester (1851), bard (1853), La Traviata (1853) and masked ball (1859), which established his status as an opera master. From 1871 to 1872, at the request of the Egyptian Governor-General, he wrote Ayida for the opening ceremony of the Suez Canal. In his later years, he wrote Othello (1887) and Falstaff (1893) according to Shakespeare's plays. He died in Milan in 191. He has composed 26 operas in his life, made good use of Italian folk tones, and his orchestral music has rich effects, especially vividly depicting the desires, personalities and inner world of the people in the opera, which has a strong touching power, making him one of the most popular opera composers in the world.
"steel"