"golden age"
Liu Heng is the fourth son of Liu Bang, and his mother is Ji Bo. In the 11th year of Emperor Gaudi (196), he was made acting king. public
Lv Hou died in 180 BC, and Zhu Lu made an insurrection. The Prime Minister, Qiu, Zhu and other imperial clan ministers punished Zhu Lu.
Liu Heng was emperor for 23 years. Liu Qi, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, is the prince of Wendi, and his mother is Queen Dou. Acceded to the throne in BC 157,
On 16.
After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu, Hui Di and Lv Hou all centered on agricultural production and stabilized the feudal ruling order.
Remarkable results have been achieved. After Wen and Jing acceded to the throne one after another, on this basis, they further adopted light taxes to make peace with the people.
Interest measurement, this is the so-called "rule of culture and scenery" in history.
Emperor Wen of Han attached great importance to agricultural production. After he acceded to the throne, he repeatedly ordered him to teach agriculture and mulberry, and set up three elders and filial piety according to the proportion of household registration.
Zan and some employees in Tian Li often give them rewards to encourage farmers to develop production. At the same time, we should also pay attention to reducing the burden on the people.
In the first two years (178) and the first twelve years, Wendi twice "exempted the land rent tax by half", that is, the rent rate was reduced to 30 tax.
In the first thirteen years, all land rent was exempted. Since then, the Han Dynasty has customized thirty taxes. During the reign of Emperor Wen, the calculation of taxes was also carried out every year.
120 is reduced to 40 yuan per person per year, and the corvee is reduced to once every three years. Jingdi two years (before 155), with Qin.
65,438+07 years old, the public service system was changed to 20 years old in midsummer, while the age in midsummer of Han Dynasty was 23 years old. In addition,
Emperor Wen also issued a decree to "ban Chishanze", that is, to open up the mountains and rivers that originally belonged to the country, thus enhancing the peasants' deputy.
The development of industrial production and salt and iron production, which have a great bearing on the national economy and people's livelihood. Twelve years ago, Emperor Wendi also abolished customs clearance.
Transmission system is conducive to the circulation of goods and economic ties between regions. It also has a certain impact on the development of agricultural production.
Promoting effect.
Emperor Wen of Han also carried out major reforms in criminal law since Qin Dynasty. (1) most of the sinners in the Qin dynasty, that is, was sentenced to the servant of officials.
And criminals who are heavier than public servants, all have no prison terms and serve hard labor for life. Emperor Wen's imperial edict re-enacted the law, according to sin
The seriousness of the crime, the provisions of the sentence; A sinner will be exempted from serving his sentence as Shu Ren. (2) According to the law of Qin Dynasty, the parents of sinners,
Brothers, sisters, wives and children should all sit together, and the heavy ones should be put to death, while the light ones should be buried as official servants. This is called the "cling to death" method.
Order. " Emperor Wen explicitly abolished it. (3) There were four kinds of corporal punishment in Qin Dynasty, namely, beating, licking, gouging out and palace. Emperor Wen of Han wrote a letter to abolish shackles, shackles and shackles.
Instead of flogging, Emperor Wen Jing reduced flogging again. These reforms are of great significance, but the latter two were at that time.
After that, it was not seriously implemented. During the reign of Emperor Wendi, many officials were lenient and not demanding, so prison affairs were relatively simple.
The oppression suffered by the people in this province is obviously less than that during the Qin Dynasty.
The Wenjing Dynasty did not easily fight against the surrounding ethnic minorities and tried their best to maintain peaceful relations. Lu Houshi, Zhao, King of South Vietnam
Self-reliance for the emperor, served in Fujian, Vietnam, Ou, Luo, and took the Huang family as the Han family. After Emperor Wendi ascended the throne,
He repaired the ancestral grave for Zhao Yue, honored Zhao Kundi, and sent Lu Jia to South Vietnam to give Zhao Tuo a book, so Zhao Tuo went to Huang.
The house left the house and joined the Han Dynasty. In the second year of Emperor Wendi (BC 162), he entered into an engagement with the Xiongnu, and since then, the Xiongnu has made a comeback.
Around repeatedly violated the border, but Wendi only ordered the border county to be on strict alert, not to attack dispatch troops, so as not to disturb the people.
The reason why Wenjing became the flourishing age of feudal society is inseparable from the personal efforts of Emperor Wen. Is he acceded to the throne?
After a long time, envoys can boldly put forward different opinions on abolishing libel and libel. There has been a so-called "secret wish" since the Qin Dynasty.
Officially, where there is a disaster, there will be too much movement. Thirteen years ago, Emperor Wen wrote a letter to abolish and declare: the crime of official fault,
The emperor has a responsibility. The next year, he forbade temple officials to bless him. Wendi was also quite frugal, ruling for 23 years.
The garden, with nothing to ride, is suitable for the royal family. He has repeatedly sent letters prohibiting counties from contributing rare foreign objects. His beloved Shen Fu
Clothes don't mop the floor and curtains don't embroider. Wendi Deng once wanted to build a terrace. I heard that one hundred gold is equal to ten people in China.
Production, so forget it. Because Emperor Wen advocated frugality, the national financial expenditure at that time was restrained and reduced, and the nobles
Bureaucrats dare not be extravagant, thus reducing the burden on the people, which is the focus of the "rest and recuperation" policy.
One of the main contents. Due to the above-mentioned series of measures taken by Wenjing two generations, the social economy at that time made remarkable development.
The feudal ruling order is also increasingly consolidated. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, there were only 10,000 vassals and 500 or 600 vassals, which was not large. Arrive at Wenjing.
In the world, refugees return to the countryside, and their accounts quickly become numerous.
There are 30,000 to 40,000 people in the country, and the number of small households has doubled, which is much richer than in the past. The development of agriculture has made
Food prices have been greatly reduced. In the early years of Emperor Wendi, millet ranged from ten yuan to dozens of yuan per stone. According to Hanshu? Food records in early han dynasty.
During the 70 years since Emperor Wu ascended the throne, due to the stable domestic political situation, as long as there were no floods and droughts, the people always gave their families enough money to support their country.
Our granary is full of grain. The food in the big granary is rotten because of chenchen's illness, so it can't be eaten. The government granary has more money.
There are millions in Beijing, and even the strings of money are broken. This is a very vivid description of the rule of Wenjing.
However, the policy of "sharing interest with the people" in Wenjing period was, in the final analysis, the policy of the landlord class. Its purpose is stability.
And strengthen the control over farmers and further consolidate feudal rule. Some measures that seem to be beneficial to farmers are actually beneficial to landlords.
Businessmen have an advantage. For example, if land tax is reduced or exempted in Wen Jing, landlords will benefit the most, and they will pay tribute to farmers, which will also help businessmen politically.
The improvement of status. Therefore, the other side of the stability and prosperity of Wenjing rule is the increasing development of land merger forces. the same
At that time, in order to achieve political stability, Emperor Wen had restricted the power of princes with the same surname, but they were basically tolerant.
Policy. In the third year of Emperor Jingdi's reign (before 154), seven countries in Wu Chu conspired to revolt, which should be related to this.