The earliest human fossils in Australia were only over 30,000 years ago. Earlier human fossils may be found in the future, but not too early, and should not be much more than 50 thousand years. So what is certain is that the aborigines in Australia were immigrated by early humans from other regions. But for a long time, there have been different opinions about where they came from.
1922, when anthropologists analyzed the characteristics of Wayak skull found in Java, they pointed out its relationship with Australian aborigines. From 65438 to 0946, according to the characteristics of Trinier and Sangjilan Homo erectus fossils and Ondon skulls found in Java, it is pointed out that the materials in Java are obviously similar to those of Australian human fossils and modern people, indicating that Australian modern people developed from Java Homo erectus through Ondon and Wajak, because the Targai and Koshuna skulls in Australia retain some primitive and robust features similar to those of apes. But some people think that there is no obvious relationship between human fossils in Java and those in Australia.
Bersell advocated the mixing theory three times: 1949, 1967 and 1977. According to the variation of modern people's morphology, he put forward the theory that people of different shapes arrived in Australia through Indonesia three times in the past. The first time was a little black boy in Oceania, and the source and place were unknown; The second time was murray river, whose origin was related to Ainu people. The last person to move in was the Carpentarians with India as the evolutionary center. Friedman and Lofgren put forward the theory of two sources in 1979 and Thorne in 1980. They think there were two unrelated immigrants in Australia. One is South Road, where a group of burly people, represented by thick bones, come from Southeast Asia and may enter the northwest of Australia from Java via Timor, and then go south along the west coast; The other is North Road, which may be a slender (skeletal) crowd from South China of China, passing through Indian zhina, Kalimantan and New Guinea, entering the northeast of Australia, and then going south along the east coast, some of whom may finally cross the continental bridge to Tasmania. These two different sources of people are mixed with each other, resulting in modern Australian aborigines, whose form is between these two ancestral types.
Morphological analysis of human fossils found in Australia's neighboring areas will also help us understand the origin of Australian aborigines.
Liujiang Skull is the earliest representative of Mongolians in southern China, and many of its characters are between Mongolians and Australians to some extent.
On the one hand, the skull of Wayak people in Java has some characteristics similar to those of Australian aborigines, such as obvious alveolar process, inconspicuous lower edge of nasal cavity, thick skull wall and huge teeth. On the other hand, there are some characteristics similar to those of Mongolian people, such as a wide and flat face and a flat nose root without depression. However, the age of Vajak's skull has not yet been determined. At first, judging from its petrochemical degree, it may belong to the late Pleistocene; Later, it was learned that the composition of the skeleton and its comparison with related fauna showed that it was late and might belong to Holocene.
The skull found in Tabang Cave, Philippines, on the one hand, has some characteristics similar to those of Australian aborigines, such as long frontal bone, small orbital width and prominent supraorbital ridge. On the other hand, it is similar to the skull of Zhoukoudian 10 1, with well-developed eyebrow area and wide supraorbital sulcus.
The skull of Virginia in Kalimantan and the skull of Aitupu in New Guinea have a similar situation.
From the above comparison, we can see that Liujiang people, Wayak people, Tabang people, Niya people and Aitupu people are transitional types between Mongols and Australians, which also implies the possibility that primitive people gradually migrated from South China to Australia.