In the third year of Jin Taikang (282), Tongan County was established, which belonged to Jin 'an County and later merged into Nan 'an County. In the 19th year of Tang Zhenyuan (803), Datong Field was located in the southwest of Nan 'an County. After five dynasties, it was promoted to Tongan County in the 4th year of Tang Dynasty (933), belonging to Quanzhou. Song belongs to Qingyuan Army, Pinghai Army and Quanzhou Army. Yuan belongs to Quanzhou Road. Ming belongs to Quanzhou prefecture. In the twentieth year of Hongwu (1387), the "Xiamen City"-the gate of the National Building was completed, and the name of "Xiamen" went down in history. In the seventh year of Qing Shunzhi (1650), Zheng Chenggong was stationed in Xiamen, and in Siming House for 12 years (1650). It was abolished in the 19th year of Kangxi (1680); In the twenty-third year (1884), there was a garrison road under Taiwan, and the road was hidden in Taiwan (in the sixth year of Yongzheng, the Taiwan government changed to a Taiwan road), in the twenty-fifth year (1686), the Quanzhou government set up a defense department separately, and in the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Xingquan Road was set up. In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), Gulangyu Island in Xiamen became a "public concession". In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), Jiaheli (Xiamen) and Jinmen in Tongan County were located in Siming County, and they were promoted to Siming House in September and abandoned.
1933 "People's Republic of China (PRC) people's revolutionary government" (i.e. "Fujian people's government") established Xiamen special city and abolished it. Tongan and Siming counties belong to the fifth administrative supervision area (in Tongan) 1934. 1In April, 935, seven islands including Xiamen and Gulangyu were established in Xiamen, and Heshan Special Zone in Siyou County was abolished. It belongs to the fourth administrative supervision area with Tongan County (within Tongan), from May 1938 to June 1945. 1September, 949/October, Tongan County and Xiamen were liberated, Tongan County was the fifth district (1950 changed to Quanzhou District and Jinjiang District), and Xiamen was a provincial city.1June, 950, Xiamen established Kaiyuan, Siming, Gulangyu and Xiamen. Jimei Town 1953 of Tongan County is under the jurisdiction of Xiamen City. 1958, 1 year evacuated from Heshan district and set it as a suburb. In August, Tongan County was included in Xiamen by Jinjiang District. 1966 In August, Kaiyuan and Siming districts were renamed as Dongfeng and Xiangyang districts (10/979 in October). 1February, 970, Tongan county belongs to Jinjiang District, and1June, 973 belongs to Xiamen City. Xinglin District was established in September 1978. 1987 Huli District was added, and the suburb was renamed as jimei district. 1997 Tongan county zoning. At this point, Xiamen has jurisdiction over Gulangyu, Siming, Kaiyuan, Xinglin, Huli, Jimei and Tongan.
In May 2003, with the approval of the State Council, it was agreed to adjust some administrative divisions of Xiamen. The main contents of the adjustment include: 1. Siming District, Gulangyu Island and Kaiyuan District were merged into Siming District, and the original three administrative areas were under the jurisdiction of Siming District. Two, Xinglin District Xinglin Sub-district Office and Xinglin Town under the jurisdiction of jimei district. Xinglin District was renamed Haicang District. 3. Establish Xiang 'an District, and put Xindian, Xinxu, Maxiang, Neicuo and Dadeng towns under the jurisdiction of Tong 'an District under the jurisdiction of Xiang 'an District. After the adjustment of administrative divisions, Xiamen has jurisdiction over six districts: Siming, Huli, Jimei, Haicang, Tongan and Xiang 'an.
2. Physical geography
Xiamen is located at 1 18 04' 04 "east longitude and 24 26' 46" north latitude. It is located in the southeast coast of China-where the Jiulong River enters the sea, backed by Zhangzhou and Quanzhou Plain, close to the Taiwan Province Strait, facing the Golden Gate Islands, and facing Bao Dao and Penghu Islands in Taiwan Province Province across the sea. Xiamen consists of Xiamen Island, Gulangyu Island, some coastal areas on the northern shore of inland Jiulong River and Tongan, with a land area of 1565.09 square kilometers and a sea area of more than 300 square kilometers. It is an international seaport scenic city.
Xiamen Island is the main body of Xiamen, with an area of about 132.5 square kilometers, a length of 13.7 kilometers from north to south, a width of 12.5 kilometers from east to west, and an area of about 128. 14 square kilometers. It is the fourth largest island in Fujian Province. Xiamen Port is a natural harbor with superior conditions in the Strait. Its coastline twists and turns, with a total length of 234 kilometers. There are scattered islands outside the port area, and the port area is surrounded by mountains. The harbor is wide and deep, and it is not frozen all year round. It is a natural port with superior conditions in the Strait, and has been an important port for foreign trade in the southeast coast of China in history.
Xiamen has a subtropical climate, mild and rainy. The annual average temperature is about 265438 0℃, with no heat in summer and no cold in winter. The average annual rainfall is about 65,438+0,200mm, with the maximum rainfall from May to August every year. The wind force is generally 3-4, and the dominant wind force is the northeast wind. Due to the temperature difference airflow in the Pacific Ocean, it is affected by 4 to 5 typhoons every year on average, mostly from July to September.
In May 2003, with the approval of the State Council, it was agreed to adjust some administrative divisions of Xiamen. The main contents of the adjustment include: 1. Siming District, Gulangyu Island and Kaiyuan District were merged into Siming District, and the original three administrative areas were under the jurisdiction of Siming District. Two, Xinglin District Xinglin Sub-district Office and Xinglin Town under the jurisdiction of jimei district. Xinglin District was renamed Haicang District. 3. Establish Xiang 'an District, and put Xindian, Xinxu, Maxiang, Neicuo and Dadeng towns under the jurisdiction of Tong 'an District under the jurisdiction of Xiang 'an District. After the adjustment of administrative divisions, Xiamen has jurisdiction over six districts: Siming, Huli, Jimei, Haicang, Tongan and Xiang 'an.
The population of the city is mostly Han nationality, and there are more than 20 ethnic minorities such as Hui, Man, Zhuang, She, Miao and Gaoshan. Due to the geographical environment and historical background, there are many returned overseas Chinese, their relatives, overseas Chinese in Xiamen and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.
3. Taste Xiamen (from Xinhuanet Fujian Channel)
Gulangyu Island is the most famous scenic spot in Xiamen. It is famous at home and abroad for its reputation as a "sea garden". It is a national key scenic spot, which is undoubtedly the place you want to go most. Then let's go first. It takes five minutes by ferry. However, I advise you not to go in broad daylight when there are many people. No matter how crowded people are, the beautiful scenery is not fun. I suggest you choose to stroll on this small island without the noise of horses and chariots at dusk. Although the island area is only 1.78 square kilometers, you will get lost if you wander around casually! It doesn't hurt to get lost, as long as you can taste the charm of Gulangyu. The mountains on the island are undulating and patchwork, and the highest peak, Sunlight Rock, is the symbol of Xiamen. However, I think the famous scenic spots such as Sunlight Rock, Luzhuang Garden and Hao Yue Garden should certainly be visited, but they should not be the focus. Because Gulangyu is characterized by piano and waves, alleys, old walls and music. It is no exaggeration to say that Gulangyu Island is the "World Architecture Expo". Thousands of Chinese and foreign buildings with different styles and Chinese and western walls are gathered on the island. There are traditional temples with upturned cornices in China, quadrangles with Minnan style, Bagua Building called "Little White House", small and exquisite Japanese houses, and western consulates with European style in the19th century ... Gulangyu Island can be said to be an inexhaustible architectural encyclopedia, which has experienced ups and downs for more than 100 years and has become a valuable and important tourist resource today. In the evening, walking between the alleys of the old house, sometimes the piano sounds will float out from the walls covered with morning glory. According to statistics, there are more than 300 pianos on the small Gulangyu Island, with the highest density in China. Plus violin, guitar and other musical instruments, every three households have a musical instrument. Of course, what makes Gulangyu an island of music is that there are many talented musicians here, from Yin Chengzong, the pianist, Xu Feiping, the first female conductor in China, to Lin Junqing, the bass singer. Gulangyu often holds family concerts, but it depends on your luck. This is a coincidence, and you may be intoxicated. Gulangyu's waves are as charming as music. The two most famous beaches on the island, Gangzihou and Dadeji, are gentle beaches. In winter, there are winter swimmers chasing the waves in the murmuring sound of the waves; The beach in summer is a gorgeous world with sunshine, sails and youthful body. You must stop and sit down, not because your legs are sore, but because the winding coastline, strange rocks and charming beaches on the island fascinate you and make you think a lot. Pile up a temple of the soul with fine sand, let your feet step on rows of marks of youth, and listen to the sound of the waves from far and near, and your thoughts can't help but be broad and open-minded.
In Xiamen, Wanshiyan is the most suitable scenery to visit in the morning. Shiwanshan Tourist Area is located at the northern foot of Shishan Mountain in the east of the city, with beautiful scenery and lush trees. Wanshiyan Reservoir is fresh and refreshing, with strange flowers and trees all over the mountains, temples, pavilions and waterside pavilions dotted with it, which is unique. Among the original 24 scenic spots in Xiamen, the "Heavenly Morning Bell", "Never Exceeding the Sky", "Zhongyan Jade", "Taiping Real Small", "Ziyun Road" and "Dugao Qindong" are all in Wanshiyan. In fact, the most wonderful thing about Wanshiyan is the rich and peculiar subtropical plants. Even if you listen to the birds singing in palm forest and fir forest, it is not too much to linger for half a day.
Nanputuo Temple is just over Wanshiyan, but you don't have to climb Wulaofeng for half a day. There is a tourist bus 17 at the entrance of Wanshiyan, and you can reach Nanputuo Temple in one stop. The temple is characterized by books as well as Buddhist incense. There is a couplet written by Yu Yu outside the temple: "I like to see Buddhist temples and schools and listen to the wind and waves." This school refers to Xiamen University. Adjacent universities will naturally attract some books, but the books of Nanputuo floated out of the temple. Minnan Buddhist College, the most famous Buddhist institution of higher learning in China, makes Nanputuo more famous. Generally, tourists and good men and women go to Nanputuo around the Heavenly King Hall, the Ursa Major Hall, the Great Compassion Hall, the Sutra Pavilion and the Buddha Rock. In fact, the history of Nanputuo is richer in the second half of the temple, that is, halfway up the mountain. The earliest temple in Nanputuo is Zhao Pu Temple, which was built in the Tang and Song Dynasties and rebuilt in the early Ming Dynasty. There is a stupa of Master Taixu, a contemporary Buddhist leader in China. From 1927 to 1933, he served as the dean of Minnan Buddhist College, and used it as his own experimental garden to reform the education of monks in China, and trained a group of outstanding Buddhist talents. Some of them went to Southeast Asia to spread Buddhism and became local Buddhist leaders. Up to now, there are still some monks and graduates from Minnan Buddhist College who apply to live in China Buddhist temples and give lectures in tin every year. As for the secluded Alonro, where the boulders are leaning against each other, I won't introduce it in detail, because it is not open to the public, so as not to make you greedy.
Next, go to Fort Hu Lishan, and then take two bus stops. The battery was built in the 17th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 189 1) and completed in five years. The foundation system of the abutment of the city wall is made of black camphor tree juice, lime, glutinous rice and sediment, which is strong and abnormal. There are two main guns, two auxiliary guns and 12 steel wheel guns on both sides of the east and west battery. These guns are all purchased from Krupp Arsenal in Germany, and each main gun costs 62,000 yuan. The battery has fought against the aggression of foreign warships many times in history, and it is a battleground for military strategists. At present, Yudongbao has a gun with a length of13.96m, a weight of 60t, a caliber of 28cm, 84 rifling lines, a maximum range of10460m and an effective range of 6040m. It is said to be the largest ancient cannon king in the world. Since the year before last, Hu Lishan Fort has added a new scenery, that is, the Singapore Glory Treasure Museum, where precious Chinese and foreign strange stones and ancient cannons are exhibited all the year round. You can't expect it without half a day's appreciation time.
You may ask how to spend the night. Shopping addiction is a choice when visiting Zhongshan Road. There are several night scenes in Xiamen that can't be missed. The open Egret Island Park has musical fountains, Eden and Kadir Bar, and the goddess of egrets smiles at the water. The night view of Haicang Bridge, known as the second in Asia, is also a magnificent movement. You can't walk all the way in one night.
Besides your eyes, you must want to be full. Let's talk about snacks in Xiamen. Do you want to taste them one by one or have a snack feast? All right, let's introduce everyone. When you shop on Zhongshan Road, you can see several famous snack bars in Xiamen, such as Huang Ze and Peanut Soup Shop, Shuangquan Restaurant and so on. , are all century-old stores. Don't be confused by the name of the store. The peanut soup shop sells not only peanut soup, but also braised pork dumplings, pancakes and batter, which can't be eaten all at once. Of course, the flavors such as satay noodles in Xiamen Port are not close to the scenic spots, and you have to look at the food and sigh. Of course, you can take a taxi to eat, but your fare is more expensive than your meal, so you have to worry about whether it is worth it. The most famous snack in Xiamen is Qing Xiang Restaurant on Hubin South Road. If you still have money in your pocket, go and have a big meal.
There are not two days left to play like this. If you want to stay for two more days, I'll introduce you to two interesting scenic spots. One is to go to Jimei to see the Minnan stone carvings in Jiageng Park, and the other is to follow the idea of phase. Xiang Si Ancient Road is located behind Jinbang Park. With its twists and turns and lyricism, it recorded the footprints of several generations, and therefore recorded a period of history in Xiamen's changes. The ancient road is about seven or eight miles long, and there are acacia trees on both sides of the mountain. My mother-in-law leans outward along the mountain, and the tranquility of the barren road and the lush life give people a different kind of poetry. According to an old vegetable farmer in Jinjiting area, at that time, his parents were going to Xiamen (especially the ancient city around the Cultural Palace) to sell vegetables. They had to get up at four o'clock in the morning, climb mountains and mountains, cross the ancient road to the Jiangjun Temple and then enter the ancient city. It took about four or five hours. Of course, not only vegetable farmers, but also postmen, pilgrims and businessmen walked on this ancient road. Although the front stone steps are not orderly, they are all built according to the mountain situation. When people's feet are difficult to climb, steps appear, just like someone helps you when you are in trouble. Sophora japonica is not an ornamental tree. If you look at a single acacia tree, you will find its fragile shape and delicate branches and leaves. However, if you look at acacia trees on an ancient road, you will never feel this way. The acacia tree in your eyes is a life group standing in a cloak, with its trunk stubbornly tilted in the same direction and its crown still swaying. In short, you can feel the historical changes of Xiamen here, and you can also get a spiritual rest and comfort.
By the way, the climate, because you may consider when it is appropriate to come to Xiamen. Xiamen is located in the subtropical zone, with a subtropical monsoon climate, which is mild and rainy, with no heat in summer and no cold in winter, and has the characteristics of maritime climate. The annual average temperature is 265438 0℃. You can come whenever you want. You can't expect to have enough fun at once.