At the beginning of the founding of New China, the geographical area of Shanghai was only over 600 square kilometers, but the population reached over 5 million, and the development space was extremely limited. At that time, prisons and detention centers in Shanghai were very crowded, and the civil affairs department also took in thousands of unemployed people. 1On February 6th, 950, the Kuomintang authorities, who had lost to Taiwan Province Province, bombed Shanghai, causing the factory in this city to stop production and adding about 50,000 victims. In order to ensure the stability of the market, the Shanghai municipal government decided to evacuate the unemployed and prisoners urgently. But Shanghai really lacks a place where they can be permanently placed, and needs to find a vast evacuation place.
Chen Yi, then the mayor of Shanghai, thought of Yancheng, where he had led the New Fourth Army to fight. He knows that some areas in Yancheng are surrounded by the sea on one side and the beaches and saline-alkali land on the other. People who need to be evacuated can be placed there to develop production and solve the problems of "rice bags" and "vegetable baskets" in Shanghai. Dafeng became the final choice. 19 15 years, national industrialist Zhang Jian founded salt reclamation company in Dafeng. After years of reclamation, a small part of the land can be planted with cotton, which has a certain production base. At the same time, there are about 200,000 mu of wasteland for reclamation.
Therefore, after Chen Yi reported to the Central Committee for approval, the relevant areas were placed under the jurisdiction of Shanghai. Shanghai also organized a cadre team of more than 200 people in a short time to go to this land on the coast of the Yellow Sea. On March 1950 and 12, the preparatory staff of Dafeng Reclamation Area first came to Xinghua and set up a temporary leading body. In the same month, Shanghai sent 7597 unemployed people and prisoners to northern Jiangsu. Because the reclamation area has just started construction and the infrastructure such as houses has not been fully implemented, these people are temporarily placed in Xinghua. In May, the above-mentioned personnel entered Dafeng Reclamation Area. In June, Shanghai Reclamation Bureau of Labor and Production (hereinafter referred to as "Reclamation Bureau") was established, and Shanghai Farm among the three major farms was also established in the same year. This marks the official birth of "Beishangguang".
In the first 20 years of its birth, "North Shanghai" was not known to Shanghainese and Dafeng locals, mainly because its main personnel were unemployed and prisoners. In social management, such people are often the objects that need to be controlled. Therefore, "Beishangguang" originally existed as a shelter and reconstruction place, which was strictly closed and rarely contacted with the outside world. By the beginning of 1956, the number of prisoners in Shanghai farm had reached about 1. 1 10,000. 1957 to 12 set up a reeducation-through-labor task force to accept the task of reeducation through labor.
The above situation has been maintained until 1968. This year, the movement of educated youth to the countryside was launched on a large scale. In the next three years, all urban graduates will go to the countryside. As a result, many young intellectuals in Shanghai turned their attention to Dafeng's Shanghai farm. The farm is a state-owned unit with formal wage income. Shanghai Farm is the nearest foreign state-owned farm to Shanghai. And because of the jurisdiction of Shanghai, many people here can still keep their Shanghai hukou. Therefore, Shanghai farm has become an ideal place for many educated youths to go to the countryside.
1968, the first batch of Shanghai educated youth came to Shanghai farm. By 1969, Shanghai Farm had received about 7,000 Shanghai educated youth. However, at this time, Shanghai farm is still the employment place for released prisoners, which is not suitable for long-term placement of educated youth. By 1973, about 84,000 educated youths had arrived in Dafeng. Therefore, Haifeng Farm was established in this year, specially for the educated youth. The arrival of educated youth broke the isolation of the farm from the outside world and made Dafeng have close ties with Shanghai. Dafeng locals also have many contacts with educated youth in Shanghai, and they all speak Dafeng dialect, yancheng dialect dialect and Shanghai dialect. The "enclave" of Shanghai is no longer so mysterious, but has revealed its true colors to the world. Dafeng locals directly feel the urban pulse of "Greater Shanghai" from here. It has gradually become a real "Northern Guangzhou".
At the same time, the function of this "enclave" began to change. Shanghai Farm gradually stopped accepting prisoners and was completely transformed into a reeducation-through-labor institution in 198 1. 1 98365438+1October1day, Shanghai Farm East Branch was established as Chuandong Farm. From 65438 to 0995, Shanghai Farm and Chuandong Farm were under the jurisdiction of Shanghai Reeducation through Labor Bureau, and were called Shanghai No.1 and No.2 Reeducation through Labor. In 2009, Shanghai Farm and Chuandong Farm with legal personality were established respectively, which were placed under the management of Shanghai Guangming Food Group. In 20 14, Shanghai, Chuandong and Haifeng farms merged to form a new Shanghai farm, which belongs to Guangming Food (Group) Co., Ltd. At the same time, this largest "enclave" in Shanghai also influenced and infiltrated Dafeng in production, life, customs and concepts. Shanghai's lifestyle and ideas unconsciously entered the world of Dafeng people, and Dafeng also left an impression in the minds of many Shanghainese. Dafeng and Shanghai are increasingly inseparable, which also provides impetus for the mutual cooperation between Jiangsu and Shanghai.
On September 20th, 1977, Haifeng Farm was performed by a small team in the fourth branch (the next branch), and the band took a group photo. (Source: Shanghai Farm Educated Youth Network)
Today, the fate between Dafeng and Shanghai is still continuing, and it has become the link of cooperation between Jiangsu and Shanghai. This cooperation is first reflected in the dining table of Shanghainese. As mentioned above, one of the main tasks of opening up Dafeng Reclamation Area is to solve the problem of "rice bag" and "vegetable basket" in Shanghai, which has always been the basic duty here. According to statistics, about 15% of fresh milk, 12% of high-quality rice, 8% of live pigs and 3% of fresh water products in Shanghai market come from Dafeng. Many brands familiar to Shanghainese, such as Haifeng rice, Aisen pork and Mita kitten sesame oil, were born here. Many Shanghainese come to Dafeng for sightseeing. Only 20 18 a year, Dafeng received about 2.26 million tourists from Shanghai. With the long-term development of Dafeng as an "enclave", many Shanghainese who came to take root in the past have married and settled with local people, making about 70% of Dafeng people have relatives or friends in Shanghai, which further increases the sense of closeness between Dafeng and Shanghai people.
This closeness has deepened the friendship between the two places and given them a new mission. With the opening of Sutong Yangtze River Highway Bridge in 2008, the expressway from Shanghai to Dafeng has also been connected, and the distance that used to take at least 1 day 1 night has been shortened by several hours. With convenient transportation, more educated youths returned from Shanghai to Dafeng to "visit relatives" and pursue memories of youth. On June+10, 2008, the Shanghai Memorial Hall for Educated Youth, with Guangming Group as the main investor, opened in Dafeng, further promoting the tide of educated youth visiting relatives. Among these educated youths, there are many entrepreneurs with successful careers. While revisiting the glory of the past, they also brought investment to Dafeng, which became a positive factor to promote the docking between Dafeng and Shanghai and deepen the cooperation between Jiangsu and Shanghai.
In addition to emotional factors, there are also realistic driving forces. According to the data of 20 19, the per capita GDP of Shanghai and Jiangsu has reached 15 and120,000 yuan respectively, while the per capita GDP of Dafeng is less than10,000 yuan. Dafeng is facing the urgent need of accelerating development, catching up with the average level of the whole province and actively integrating into the Yangtze River Delta. A series of preferential policies have also been introduced. On the one hand, Jiangsu has implemented the "coastal development strategy" and Dafeng has also been positioned as a new coastal city in Yancheng. On the other hand, Shanghai has put forward the strategic goal of "innovation-driven development and economic transformation and upgrading", which requires the transfer of traditional industries to a certain extent. This makes the relationship between Dafeng and Shanghai no longer limited to keywords such as "farm" and "educated youth", and "industrial transfer" and "common development" have become the theme of the new era. The "enclave" bearing the friendship between the two places is also seeking to achieve a gorgeous turn and become an important fulcrum for Dafeng's economic and social development.
The deeper cooperation between the Soviet Union and Shanghai has started. 20 14 Jiangsu province and Shanghai decided to jointly develop the Shanghai-Soviet industrial linkage cluster, so as to further deepen the industrial cooperation between Dafeng and Shanghai while consolidating the basic position of "enclave" agriculture. Located in Shanghai Farm, the gathering area was formally established on June 20 1 15. Its main development includes marine engineering equipment, port transportation, construction machinery and equipment, electronic component manufacturing, intelligent robots, organic food, snack food, functional drinks, new energy vehicles and other industries. Agglomeration area is a newly-built park in Shanghai, which belongs to the upgrade of the existing "enclave" mode and implements the management mode of "full authorization of provinces and cities and closed operation of the park". After several years of development, the agglomeration area has formed a "Shanghai overflow, Dafeng undertake; Shanghai needs it and Dafeng supports it; The achievements of Shanghai and the transformation of Dafeng have promoted the development of local related industries in Dafeng. For example, in 20 18, Dafeng local new energy and equipment manufacturing, new energy vehicles and parts, new generation of electronic information and intelligent terminals and other emerging industries achieved invoicing sales of 65.438+0.742 billion yuan, up 654.38+04.4% year-on-year.
Driven by the agglomeration area, Dafeng and Yancheng further docked and merged into Shanghai. By the end of 20 17, more than 450 Shanghai enterprises had invested in Yancheng, with a total amount of about17 billion yuan. Dafeng participated in the float parade of Shanghai International Tourism Festival for several years in a row, and a number of leading enterprises such as Shanghai Lingang, Shanghai Textile Control, Shanghai Electric, Shanghai Construction Engineering and Greenland Group gathered in Yancheng to promote the continuous deepening of industrial cooperation between the two sides. Yancheng and Shanghai jointly built 12 parks, accounting for about one third of the foreign parks in Shanghai.
With the continuous improvement of investment infrastructure, especially the opening of Tongyan high-speed railway in February 2020, Dafeng was officially connected to the national high-speed railway network, and the time to Shanghai was shortened to about 2 hours. In the past, the remote "North to Guangzhou" is becoming a rising new industrial highland, injecting inexhaustible power into the future economic development and cooperation between the Soviet Union and Shanghai.
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About the author: Gu Yaxin, born in 1985, is a native of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, with a doctor's degree in history, and a teacher at the School of Social Development of Yangzhou University. He is mainly engaged in the research on the archives history of China, the history of the Communist Party of China, the modern history of China, the ideological trend and characteristics of students, and has published more than 40 academic papers in various journals.
Review and Release: Zhang Xingyu