Shanxi folk embroidery:
Shanxi folk embroidery has a long history, a wide range of themes, rich content, with the characteristics of reflecting Shanxi customs; Shanxi folk embroidery has its own unique artistic style, with simple patterns, bright colors, simple composition, exaggerated modeling, diverse stitches and exquisite embroidery, which is famous at home and abroad.
Shanxi province is the place where folk embroidery works grow. Folk embroidery, in the childhood of human history, recorded the historical facts of sewing animal skins with bone needles and hemp thread, covering the body against the cold, grinding animal teeth, shells and colored stones, and dressing up at the chest and wrist. Although it was not an embroidery art at that time, it actually marked the yearning and creation of beauty, which our ancestors have been pursuing since then.
People's instinctive pursuit of beauty and the appearance of basic tools and materials make embroidery an art form very early. As early as the Zhou Dynasty, there was a saying that * * * was loyal.
There are poems such as "sheepskin, plain silk five", "sheepskin, plain silk five (plain silk or)" and "sheepskin sewing, plain silk five" in The Book of Songs Zhao Nan, which describes the exquisite technology of sewing leather garments at that time. "plain clothes" and "plain clothes Zhu Embroidery" in The Book of Songs tang style truly describe the embroidery art at that time, while the Tang Dynasty at that time refers to the central Shaanxi.
Shanxi folk embroidery has a long history and has become an indispensable part of human life in the whole social development process. Its technical level is also increasing. Hu Lingneng, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, praised the level of folk embroidery at that time with a quatrain: "When the sun sets, the flowers in front of the hall are beautiful, and we fight for a small pen to go to bed. Embroidered into a quiet place in the spring garden, which attracted the spirit warbler to fall into wicker. "
Shanxi folk embroidery, whether in southern Shanxi or northern Shanxi, mountainous areas or plains, is frank, simple, enthusiastic and wild because of its ancient cultural and geographical conditions. Especially as garment embroidery, it coexists harmoniously with human personality, so it is both plastic arts and environmental arts. It is not only a splendid folk culture, but also a colorful and true folk life. ?
Shanxi folk embroidery clothing;
Clothing has two functions for human beings: one is practicality, and the other is decoration. Mr. Wen Yiduo said: "Clothes begin with cover, and it is obvious to all." This shows that human beings began to decorate themselves from the worship of sex.
With the development and evolution of human society, embroidery art is becoming more and more perfect, and its decoration technology and scope have already surpassed the beautification function in the general sense, becoming a pluralistic and cross-cultural social and cultural phenomenon. This function of clothing has become a symbol to distinguish people's gender, age, marriage, personality and even wealth and rank. We can still see these cultural differences from today's Shanxi folk embroidery.
Children's clothing and women's clothing account for a large proportion in many folk clothing embroideries. From the birth of a child, the full moon, the first birthday to every birthday and festival before coronation, elders, relatives and friends have exquisite shoes, hats and clothes as gifts.
Give boys tiger hats, lion hats, tofu peas, tiger shoes, and Niu Niu shoes, as well as "the moon wins the crown", "wealth and splendor" and "five children graduate from school" symbolizing vigorous and fearless life. For girls, "bergamot lotus", "many children are blessed" and "peony butterfly" are the main blessing contents.
Generally, two pairs of premarital gifts are given, and thousands of words are kept, wishing deep feelings, happiness and happiness; Pomegranate, cabbage and grapes after marriage. It is mainly used to bless many children and grandchildren. Children's decorations are full of vitality, adults are full and bright, and the elderly are solemn and generous. In addition, as a grade difference, it can be seen from China's traditional dramas that the content of supplementary service varies greatly from grade to grade.
The civilian military attache is different. Civil servants are cranes, golden pheasants, peacocks, geese, silver pheasants, cranes, purple mandarin ducks, quails and magpies. Military attaché s are unicorns, lions, leopards, tigers, bears, tigers, rhinoceroses and seahorses. Although it is not a folk costume, it is developed from the folk, so it still has some characteristics of folk culture.
As garment embroidery, hats, crowns, bibs, collars, lapels, sleeves, skirts, shoes, boots, insoles and vests are applied to different decorative contents according to different decorative objects, which integrate traditional culture, customs and regional characteristics, making everyone a humanistic carrier, and its profound cultural connotation is far from clear.
In the past, embroidery skills also determined whether a woman was smart or not. Nowadays, there are not many skillful people who are good at needlework. Clothing styles tend to be simple and simple, and decoration is mostly replaced by mechanized production.
According to the different performance contents, the skills of folk embroidery in Shanxi generally include plain knitting, random knitting, seeding, Panjin, embroidery, brocade piling, looping, crocheting, empty tying, flower laying, flower cutting, paste mending and so on. All kinds of techniques are mixed together to form a strong, rough and simple local style of Shanxi embroidery.