1983; China Hongkong Herbarium
2003)。 In 2003, AFCD conducted a field survey of Feng Shui forests in Hong Kong. A total of 1 16 sites were investigated, and agarwood was found in 84 sites. This kind of tree is much longer than the lowlands, and it is most common in the geomantic forest behind the village. Aquilaria sinensis is a vulnerable species because it is arbitrarily cut down in Chinese mainland. Recently, illegal logging of agarwood has spread to Hong Kong, which is a matter of concern. Characteristic agarwood belongs to Daphne family and is an evergreen tree, ranging from 6 to 20 meters high, with smooth bark, light gray or dark gray (Figure 1) and white or light yellow wood, so it is also called "agarwood". Young branches are sparsely pilose, leaves alternate, leathery, obovate to elliptic, usually 5- 1 1 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, with 15-20 pairs of veins, which are not obvious and almost completely symmetrical, and grow horizontally. These are all useful characteristics for identifying Aquilaria sinensis in the field (Figure 2). The leaf top is short and sharp, the leaf base is wide and wedge-shaped, and the leaf margin is complete and smooth. Flowers are yellow-green, fragrant and arranged in terminal or axillary umbels. Capsule is woody, obovate, 2.5 to 3 cm long and covered with short gray hairs (Figure 3). When it matures, it splits into two flat shells. When the fruit is broken, a silk thread will grow at the bottom, and one or two seeds will hang in the air, which is very similar to the situation that a caterpillar spins silk and hangs itself on a branch (Figure 4). Whether this feature has biological significance remains to be studied. Aquilaria sinensis is a precious aromatic wood, which can be used to make spices and medicines. In the past, it was used to make thread incense and spices, but this industry has declined in Hong Kong. The resin of Aquilaria Resinatum can be made into precious Chinese medicine "Aquilaria Resinatum" for treatment. According to the records of traditional Chinese medicine, there are two ways to extract aloes resin in large quantities. One is to invade the trunk with natural fungi, and the other is to cut the bark (5 cm deep). The resin of the same tree can be accumulated by cutting the bark 3 to 4 cm deep, and collected after several years. If the wood block is heated or burned to make the resin become liquid and seep out, a small amount of resin can be collected. If a part of the trunk or branch has resin and gives off fragrance, it will be sold under the name of "Daphne". The reason why agarwood produces resin may be the reaction of fungal invasion or broken trunk. Resin-rich fragrant trees are generally more than 20 years old. Although not every tree is invaded by fungi, due to the increasing demand, people in some areas cut down trees at will to find trees with fungi. Most of the high-quality agarwood is taken from Aquilaria sinensis, which is similar to agarwood. China once imported this product from tropical Asia, but today, the supply has been greatly reduced. Because the resin of agarwood has become a substitute for agarwood, agarwood has also been cut down in large quantities. Conservation: Aquilaria sinensis mainly grows in South China (including China and Hongkong). However, due to massive logging, the wild agarwood outside Hong Kong is scarce, and the trees of agarwood are also very rare. In 2000, the IUCN Red List of Endangered Plants listed Aquilaria sinensis as a vulnerable plant. As for its protection, Aquilaria sinensis is "an important source of medicinal materials", "only found in Jinghong (including Hainan Island) and Guangxi" (that is, endemic to China), "mainly found in semi-evergreen monsoon rain forest within 400 meters above sea level". When people collect medicinal resin, a large number of trees are cut down and destroyed, and habitat disappearance and habitat migration often occur (oldfield et al.
1998)。 In addition, all agarwood plants. It is regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. . In China, Aquilaria sinensis has been listed in the national list of key protected wild plants (1999), which is a part of the government decree issued by the State Council. The China Plant Red Book pointed out that agarwood was severely damaged and the number of agarwood decreased sharply because people randomly collected resin for medicine, and it belongs to vulnerable species (edited by State Environmental Protection Bureau and Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1992). The Rare and Endangered Plants in Guangdong published in recent years (South China Institute of Botany, Guangdong Wildlife Protection Management Office, 2003) reported that the agarwood in Guangdong Province is very rare and endangered due to excessive logging. Because Aquilaria sinensis is protected by law in Chinese mainland, it is also regarded as a precious plant in Hong Kong, and it has been included in the book Rare Plants in China and Hong Kong (South China Institute of Botany, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, 2003). In China and Hong Kong, as mentioned above, agarwood is common in the lowlands of Hong Kong, especially in the geomantic forest behind the countryside, and is also found in country parks. Although Aquilaria sinensis is not widely planted in Hong Kong at present, it has been widely planted in South China and Hong Kong and then made into incense, which may explain why there are still a large number of Aquilaria sinensis around the countryside today. Even though the history of planting Aquilaria sinensis in Hong Kong is quite long, the local Aquilaria sinensis is within the geographical distribution range of this species and thrives in the wild, so it has become a native plant in Hong Kong (Iu
1983)。 In Hong Kong, China, it has always been a very rare thing to dig agarwood to collect Daphne, but recently it was found that someone illegally dug agarwood in the suburbs of Hong Kong. On the whole, although these incidents did not seriously endanger the survival of Aquilaria sinensis in Hong Kong, those Aquilaria sinensis whose trunks were cut off may not be recovered (Figures 5 and 6). According to the Forest and Suburb Ordinance (Chapter 96), plants in forest areas and artificial forests on * * * land are protected. In case of violation, the maximum fine is 25.
000 yuan, and imprisonment for one year. To sum up, from the perspective of Hong Kong's plant care, Hong Kong's agarwood can be regarded as the last relatively complete population in China, when it has been excessively cut down in other parts of China. In the past, the communities to which local agarwood belongs (lowland broad-leaved forest and fengshui forest) have always been deeply loved by villagers, and have been properly protected by local laws, including the Country Parks Ordinance (Chapter 208) and the Forest and Suburb Ordinance (Chapter 96). Recently, most of the illegal logging accidents of Aquilaria sinensis involve non-sustainable collection, which has a certain impact on Aquilaria sinensis in Hong Kong. It can be seen that the protection of this rare and endangered plant in China needs great attention.
Reference: Herbarium/Herbarium/Topics/Aquilaria sinensis/Aquilaria sinensis _ c
The middle part of agarwood exudes fragrance, and it is most precious to quote historical records. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China, Guangdong, Dongguan, Hong Kong and other places planted agarwood and extracted resin to make perfume. This spice used to be very popular and the spice industry was very prosperous. At that time, people admired agarwood very much, and even called it "daughter fragrance". Aquilaria sinensis, also known as Tooth Fragrant Tree, is a precious medicinal plant unique to China. The resin produced after the trunk is attacked by fungi can be made into traditional Chinese medicine for spices and medicines. Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum has mild medicinal properties, and can reduce qi, warm stomach and relieve pain. It is effective for continuous hiccups, and the amount of agarwood massage can range from 100 yuan to 300 yuan. According to the data, in the early years, Aquilaria sinensis was excessively cut down in the mainland, and the number has been decreasing. Now it has been listed as a national second-class protected plant. Aquilaria sinensis is an evergreen tree and a local variety, which is mostly born in lowlands and fengshui forests. Aquilaria sinensis, also known as Aquilaria sinensis, is listed as a national second-class protected wild plant in the mainland, so its value has soared and there is a great demand in the black market. Aquilaria sinensis, also known as Aquilaria sinensis and Aquilaria sinensis, is an evergreen tree. Aquilaria sinensis has a wide range of uses, resin can be made into spices or medicines, wood can be made into incense, and bark can be made into paper. It has been listed as a national second-class protected wild plant in mainland China and an "endangered" species in the China Plant Red Book. Its resin can be made into perfume or medicine, and wood can be made into thread incense. Because there are a large number of fragrant trees in the wild in Hong Kong, they are often cut down by mainlanders across borders. Status of China: Near Danger (nt). Wild plants under national second-class protection. It has been recorded in China Plant Red Book and Atlas of Rare and Endangered Plants in Guangdong Province. Photo reference: Herbarium/Herbarium /images/ 15 Aquilaria sinensis% 20% Aquilaria sinensis% 20.jpg Morphological characteristics: evergreen trees; Young branches sparsely pilose. Leaves alternate, leathery, obovate to elliptic, 5- 1 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, entire. Flowers are yellow-green, fragrant, arranged in terminal or axillary umbels; Calyx 5-lobed, pubescent on both sides; Petals 10, scaly; Stamens10; Ovary 2-loculed, pubescent. Capsule is woody, obovate, 2.5-3 cm long and about 2 cm in diameter. Distribution: China and Hongkong. Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan. Habitat and ecology: in lowland evergreen broad-leaved forest and fengshui forest. Flowering period: April; Result date: July. This species is a precious medicinal plant endemic to China. The resin produced by fungi invading the trunk is Chinese traditional medicine "Aquilaria sinensis", which is used in perfume and medicine. With dark green leaves and dense crown, it can be used as a garden tree. Potential threats include habitat destruction and illegal logging, but this species is very common in China and Hongkong, and many habitats are in country parks and are not particularly threatened. China, Hongkong and South China have started artificial propagation of green trees.