1, ancient

Zimbabwe is an important cradle of civilization in southern Africa. In the Middle Ages, there was a civilization established by Shona people, which left many cultural relics.

Among them, the most important is the ancient city of Great Zimbabwe. The Muhumutaba Empire, with this city as its capital, gradually became stronger in the 1 1 century by trading with Muslim caravans from the Indian Ocean coast, and exchanged locally produced important materials such as gold, ivory and copper for raw materials such as cloth and glass from the Persian Gulf. In the15th century, it has become the largest country in southern Africa.

The prosperity of Shona civilization came to an end in the19th century. 1837, the Shona people were conquered by the Zulu people in Ndebele, and the Boers from Britain and the south began to occupy this area gradually.

2. Colonial period

1888, Cecil Rhodes, a British colonist, obtained the mining right in their territory from King Ndebele, and then obtained the territorial right here for the British South African Company in 1889, and formally established the colonial country "Rhodesia" in 1895.

1896 to 1897, Shona people and Ndebele people began to resist British colonial rule by force. The first liberation war broke out in Zimbabwe, and about 450 whites were killed. 19 1 1 year, rhodesia was divided into northern rhodesia and southern rhodesia, and the latter became a British autonomous colony in 1922, which is now Zimbabwe.

1953, despite the opposition of the African people, Britain merged North and South Rhodesia and Nyasaland into a federation, named the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Under the opposition of the people of the three places, especially Nyasaland, the Federation was dissolved in 1963 ten years later.

Shortly after the dissolution of Ronny Federation, that is, in June, 5438+0965 1 1, southern rhodesia's Prime Minister iain smith unilaterally declared the country's independence from British jurisdiction and established the state of southern rhodesia, but this statement was not recognized by most black ethnic groups in the country controlled by Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland.

3. The period of national independence

After the failure of international mediation from 1966 to 1968, Britain asked the United Nations to impose economic sanctions on Rhodesia, but the white regime still announced the establishment of the * * * Republic regime in 1970, and it did not gain any international recognition.

During the white rule, black groups in Zimbabwe have been engaged in fierce guerrilla warfare in an attempt to overthrow those in power.

1978, under the attack of international sanctions and black armed movements, the white government was finally forced to sign agreements with Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and many other black forces, and * * * promoted Methodist Bishop Muzo Reva as Prime Minister of the Interim Government of Rhodesia, Zimbabwe.

Under the supervision of Britain, the black guerrilla organization was finally willing to disarm and end the civil war, and held the first democratic election in the country's history in 1980.

Although Muzo Reva was supported by the original white Rhodesian regime and the South African government, he lacked the trust of most black people in South Africa. His transitional government did not get a chance to remain in power in the general election, but Robert Mugabe and his Zimbabwe African Union won the majority of votes and gained power in the parliamentary elections in March.

Zimbabwe officially became independent on April 1980 after the smooth transfer of state power to the black government. 1980 Late at night in April, Rhodesia became an independent country, Zimbabwe. Prince Charles of England presented the newly elected President of Zimbabwe, Reverend Cannan banana, with a document on granting colonial independence signed by Queen Elizabeth II.

Extended data:

The Republic of Zimbabwe, formerly known as Rhodesia, is a landlocked country in southeast Africa and became independent in April 1980.

Zimbabwe has experienced severe hyperinflation, but since the US dollar and South African rand were used to replace its national currency in 2009, inflation has gradually stabilized.

Zimbabwe is a developed country in Africa, and manufacturing, agriculture and mining are the three pillars of the economy. Zimbabwe is famous for producing high-quality crocodile skins and is known as the "hometown of crocodiles". This country is rich in natural resources and has a good industrial and agricultural foundation.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Zimbabwe