1, politically, peasant uprisings continued in the late Ming Dynasty; The rise of Qing dynasty threatened the northern frontier of Ming dynasty. 1644, Li Zicheng captured Beijing and Daming perished. When the Qing soldiers entered the customs and unified southern China, the rebels in Li Zicheng were completely annihilated.

2. Economically, in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, political corruption, serious land annexation, and constant natural disasters and plagues made it difficult for ordinary people to survive, wars continued, and the population dropped sharply.

3. Culturally, in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, capitalism sprouted and promoted enlightenment thought. Thinkers in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties wrote books to show their opposition to feudal rule and became novel cultural symbols.

Extended data:

In the late Ming Dynasty, the rule was decadent. Eunuch Wei Zhongxian specializes in state affairs, persecuting dissidents and suppressing the people. The rulers continue to aggravate the exploitation of the people, coupled with years of famine, and the people are in dire straits.

1628, a war broke out in northern Shaanxi, and dozens of insurgents such as Li Zicheng and Zhang emerged. Li Zicheng put forward the slogan of "flat fields and white grain", which won the support of farmers.

1644 (the seventeenth year of Chongzhen), Li Zicheng captured Xi 'an and established Dashun regime. In March of the same year, when he occupied Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan, ending the Ming Dynasty that ruled China. After that, the Qing soldiers entered the customs, defeated the Dashun regime in Li Zicheng and entered Beijing.

In the north, most of the remnants of the former Ming Dynasty surrendered to the Qing Dynasty or cooperated with the Qing Dynasty to fight the rebels. In the south, various forces loyal to the Ming Dynasty established several exiled regimes, known as Nanming in history, which were wiped out by the Qing Dynasty in the following ten years.

The Qing court successively suppressed the remnants of Nanming peasant army and anti-Qing armed forces and gradually unified the whole country. In the process of unifying the whole country, the Qing Dynasty stipulated that everyone must shave their heads and change clothes.

This policy met with armed resistance from some Han and other ethnic groups in the south, and there were ten Yangzhou tragedies, three Jiading tragedies and other anti-Qing events in Jiangnan.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasty