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What is the encyclopedia of natural history?
The Royal Botanical Garden provides Buffon with a stage to display his talents. He is not only brilliant in literary talent, but also self-aware enough to know that he needs more training. He spent the winter in Paris, but he always spent the summer in his manor. In Mumba, near Tiyan, he made a Spartan timetable for himself and got up at 6 o'clock every morning. Knowing that he had the habit of staying in bed, he paid an extra tip and asked the valet to wake him up on time. His work is interrupted only twice a day: arranging his hair and dusting. This habit has persisted for 50 years. Jefferson, the American ambassador to France, was invited to dinner at Montbar Manor. He recalled:

"This is Buffon's habit. He works all the time except during meal time and never receives guests, no matter what reason they have. However, his door is always open, including the garden. A servant guided the trip very thoughtfully and invited all strangers and friends to stay for dinner. We saw Buffon in the garden, but we will try to avoid him. But when we had dinner together, he was a very talkative person as usual. "

Buffon began to write his encyclopedic natural history in 1745. The first three volumes were published in 1749, which was a great success immediately. Although he originally planned to publish several volumes in just a few years, in fact, this project took him most of his life, and finally 36 volumes were published before his death (with the help of others), and 8 volumes were published after his death.

Although Buffon has strict rules about writing time, he is not a trained scientist. Although he fell in love with Newton's revolution, he did not follow the basic principles of scientific work such as down-to-earth observation, experiment and mathematical analysis in practical research. Buffon tried to build a general picture of the universe. In this process, he used the concepts of Newtonian mechanics and new mechanics to examine every detail of the universe, and put forward a speculative view on its composition and origin.

Although the masterpiece itself is modern, this exciting effort has led contemporary readers to the ancients in many ways. Buffon pointed out that the ancients were "... great figures, not limited to the study of a single field." They are lofty, knowledgeable and broad-minded. " As if he foresaw the criticism-perhaps alluding to Linnaeus' careful observation, he continued: "... at first glance, they seem to give the impression that they lack detailed description, but it is not difficult to understand that trivial details do not deserve more attention as we have recently paid attention to."

When Buffon was in charge of the Royal Botanical Garden, he greatly preserved the rare and unusual plant specimens in the garden, making this place an attractive place for foreign dignitaries and other tourists. Needless to say, from Buffon's more than 40 volumes and nearly 50 years of thinking and writing, today's readers can find many defects, contradictions, mistakes and sloppy places. But it is important to realize the shock and great influence of natural history at that time. They inspired other thinkers with more rigorous training to grasp the challenging and speculative contents of Buffon's thought, so as to concentrate on their more detailed and in-depth research.

In the first volume, Buffon explained the difference between his system and Linnaeus' system, mocking Linnaeus' system as a boring classification and a general "artificial" system. He believes: "The mistake is not realizing that natural processes always happen step by step. ..... From the most perfect creature to the most amorphous substance, there is almost always an imperceptible boundary ... There will be a large number of intermediate species and objects, between the two levels. It is impossible to fix such objects in one place, and it is doomed to be futile to put them into a cosmic system. "

So, what did Buffon propose? It's really hard to grasp, because his thoughts are always speculative and constantly changing, distributed in many years' work and many works. His starting point is to believe that all classification systems are only products that are convenient for human use. As for nature itself, it is not composed of discontinuous classification units such as classes, orders, genera and species. No matter how useful (or harmful) this classification system is to researchers in nature, they are only artificial and arbitrary arrangements. Buffon said that nature is composed of a single organism, and these organisms show a small and continuous gradual change with each other. But with the passage of time, his classification thought is obviously changing. 1749, in his earliest works, he strongly doubted that any classification system was possible for the colorful biological world. But by 1755, he acknowledged the existence of related species. But he said that species is "the only objective and basic entity in nature". All other classifications are still artificial and misleading.

If Buffon stays here, what we know about Buffon today may be just an ordinary and interesting footnote in the history of science in18th century. However, unlike other naturalists, he despises such books "full of dry terms" and "boring and artificial skills". Buffon's ambition is to weave a wider web, reproduce a complete nature in a vivid way and provide a comprehensive history of the earth. As the home of living things, the earth is a huge machine in operation. Actually, exercise is the key. Because Buffon thought from the beginning that life itself may be a part of this great movement, that is to say, just like the earth and the universe as the home of life, life is not static, but evolving.