Hangzhou was called Yuhang in ancient times. According to legend, Dayu took a boat to Huiji Mountain to meet the princes, but abandoned the boat when he arrived in Hangzhou, so he was called Yuhang, and "Hangzhou" means wooden boat. "People over the Six Dynasties don't smell the West Lake." Compared with Suzhou in the north, Shaoxing and Hangzhou in the south, people are already white-haired when they are slim. It was not until Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty set up Hangzhou in the lower reaches of Qiantang River and Yang Di opened the Grand Canal to the gate of Hangzhou that Hangzhou won the spring of development.
Li Bi, the secretariat of Hangzhou in Tang Dynasty, was the first person to build a city in Hangzhou. "Hangzhou is the state, the hometown of Jianghai, the spring is salty and bitter, and the residents are scattered. Since Li Mi began to paint the lake into six wells, then the people are very satisfied with the water, and the wells become richer day by day, and millions of people gather here to eat. " After the successor Bai Juyi was built, it became a new tourist city. "Jiang Nanyi, the most unforgettable thing is Hangzhou. Look for laurel trees in Zhongshan Temple in the month, and watch the tide on the pillow in the county pavilion. When will you visit again? "
Hangzhou can travel in prosperous times, but in troubled times, it is too dangerous for such a small city to be the capital. The flood of Qiantang River has curbed economic production. Therefore, during Qian Liu's administration, he did several important things.
The first thing is to transform Hangzhou city. First, build high walls and expand Fucheng, which is equivalent to the outer city of Hangzhou; Secondly, a Los Angeles was built between Fucheng and Wangcheng, which is equivalent to the main city of Hangzhou. The shape of this midtown is interesting, with ten gates and a waist drum shape. Naturally, it is also for local conditions. Until today, the outline of the old city of Hangzhou still roughly retains this waist drum shape; Finally, the city was expanded around Phoenix Mountain, which is equivalent to the inner city of Hangzhou. It is naturally inevitable to build palaces in cities for your own enjoyment.
Such three large-scale construction projects naturally aroused public resentment. But Qian Liu said very truly: "After thousands of years, people who know me will use this city, and those who offend me will also use this city. If you get it from others and lose yourself, I am innocent! " (Luo Yin's "Hangzhou Luocheng") It is true that from a close perspective, the construction of Hangzhou City can defend the people of Hangzhou; In the long run, Hangzhou will become China's "paradise". How can the fault of money be compared with his credit?
Second, build the Qiantang River levee. Qiantang River was originally called Luosha River, but it was not a good crop when it was named. Although the tide of Qiantang River is breathtaking, it also erodes farmland and engulfs farmhouses, making the development of Hangzhou before the Tang Dynasty extremely painful. Qian Liu ordered the construction of seawall, which is indestructible from Pagoda of Six Harmonies to Genshanmen 100 km. On the other side, Longshan sluice and Zhejiang sluice were built to prevent the influx of tide. As soon as the seawall was built, it was washed away as soon as it was built, so Qian Liu "shot at the tide".
Legend has it that the God of Qiantang River was Wu Zixu, a doctor of the State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period, who died of injustice, but the God of Qiantang River could not beat Qian Liu and was shot away. This practice has a strong witchcraft color, but it does not prove Qian Liu's superstition. On the contrary, it is only to stabilize the mood of frontline migrant workers, and the actual work of strengthening seawalls has not been relaxed at all. Because Qian Liu defeated Jiang Shen Wu Zixu, he got another nickname "Sea Dragon King".
Third, dredge the Xizi Lake. Bai Juyi has governed the West Lake for more than one hundred years. When Qian Liu took over, the West Lake was already a pool of water hyacinths. As a result, Qian Liu set up a construction team called "Julio Soldier", and the West Lake soon recovered its original appearance. At this time, a warlock suggested that the palace built on the Phoenix Mountain may be only a hundred years old. If the West Lake is completed, wuyue will last for a thousand years.
Qian Liu laughed off the bad idea of reclamation around the lake and said, "The West Lake is a good scenic spot. Can you fill it in? Besides, there must be a king within 500 years. How can there be a thousand years without God? I have a country for a hundred years, and I am willing to be enough. " Among the emperors who were superstitious about geomantic omen, Qian Liu was an anomaly. If Qian Liu had believed in the alchemist, he would not have had a good impression of the West Lake today, and the beauty of Hangzhou would have been reduced by half.
Fourth, build a Buddhist temple tower. Friends who have been to Hangzhou know that the Buddhist industry in Hangzhou is very developed, which is also attributed to Qian Liu. Qian Liu is very enthusiastic about Buddhism. During his reign, he built many Buddhist temples, stone carvings and classic buildings, and this belief has been passed down to his descendants. Later, his grandson Qian Chu ascended the throne and built four towers in Hangzhou-Baokui Tower, Leifeng Tower, Pagoda of Six Harmonies Tower and Baita Tower. Today, only the White Pagoda is absent, and the other three pagodas are famous all over the world.
Among them, Baokui Pagoda is located on Baoshi Mountain on the north bank of West Lake, facing Leifeng Pagoda across the lake, and is compared by scholars as the beauty of an old monk, while Pagoda of Six Harmonies is built on Qiantang River. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were 10 West Lake scenes with Leifeng sunset, and 65,438+0,985 West Lake scenes with gem streams. In 2007, there were six rivers listening to waves in the ten West Lake scenes. Qian Liu not only inherited Buddhist culture, but also made great contributions to the development of Hangzhou tourism from ancient times to the present.
Qian Liu not only attaches importance to the construction of internal affairs, but also communicates directly with foreign countries. According to the History of the New Five Dynasties, Qian Liu "sent an envoy to Silla, the king of Bohai Sea, and all countries in the sea worshipped its vassals". It is incredible to say that he can give titles to northeast countries across the sea. In addition, he also attached importance to the development of overseas trade and did some business with Japan, North Korea and other countries. At that time, many merchant ships sailing in Qiantang River were Yueyao porcelain. At this time, wuyue's economy and population developed rapidly.
When we travel to Hangzhou today, we should remember Bai Juyi, Yue Fei and Qian Liu.
References:
(Song): History of Wu Yue
(Song) History of the Old Five Dynasties edited by Xue.
(Song) Ouyang Xiu, editor-in-chief: History of the New Five Dynasties.
Qian's draft of Wu Yue Guo History.
The author is Lin Wu's son, a writer of literature and history, focusing on the history of pre-Qin, Qin and Han dynasties. Three works have been published successively, namely, the National Records of the Pre-Qin philosophers, the Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue, and the Complete Works of Shan Hai Jing. The works are scattered in the paper media such as the History of Ethnic People and Netease History Channel. Thanks for reading, welcome to pay attention!