Terracotta Warriors and Horses are located in the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum in Lintong District, Xi, Shaanxi Province. They are listed in the World Heritage List and one of the top ten rare treasures in the world. The eighth wonder of the world? The national key cultural relics protection unit is a gold-lettered business card of China's splendid ancient civilization.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is the largest underground military museum in the world. Terracotta warriors and horses pits have reasonable layout and strange structure. At the bottom of the pit about 5 meters deep, an east-west bearing wall is set every 3 meters, and the terracotta warriors and horses are arranged in the holes between the walls. There are three terracotta warriors and horses pits in the Qin Mausoleum, which are arranged in a zigzag pattern. The No.1 pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is rectangular, with a length of 230 meters from east to west, a width of 62 meters from north to south and a depth of about 5 meters, with a total area of14,260 square meters, and oblique openings on all sides. Most of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses are in pits, with an average height of about 1.80m, the highest exceeding 1.90m, and Ma Taogao 1.72m, with a length of 2.03m. Chariots are the same size as practical vehicles. However, the terracotta warriors and horses were not restored to their original proportions. According to records, the height of Qin people is about 165cm. Most Qin terracotta warriors and horses hold bronze weapons, including bows, crossbows, arrows, beryllium, spears, bows, swords, machetes and cymbals. Bronze weapons have been buried underground for more than 2000 years, and they are still as bright and sharp as new. They were actual combat weapons at that time, dressed in exquisite armor and knotted with colored threads on their chests. The military attache will wear a long crown, and the number of trials will be more. There are differences in the face, figure, expression, eyebrows, eyes and age of Qin terracotta warriors.
After Qin unified the six countries, Qin implemented the national conscription system, and soldiers came from all over the country, which is probably the main reason for their differences in face, expression and age. Craftsmen use realistic artistic techniques to express very realistically, and this huge group of Qin figurines contains many obviously different individuals, which makes the whole group more active, real and full of life. Throughout these thousands of soldiers and figures, their artistic achievements in sculpture have reached a perfect height. Whether it is the image of a thousand troops and horses with both form and spirit, or the lifelike war horse, it is not a mechanical imitation, but an effort to show it. Inner vitality, motivation, emotional soul, character and spirit. ? Most of the images of pottery figurines are full of individual characteristics, realistic, natural and full of life breath.
The discovery of various bronze weapons in the pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses has greatly enriched the research field of Qin weapons, among which beryllium and gold hook are the first discoveries in the archaeological history of weapons. The discovery and research of weapon casting standardization technology and weapon surface anti-corrosion treatment technology have filled the gap in the study of ancient science and technology history. The designers of Terracotta Warriors want to recreate Qin Jun 2000 years ago? Hit 1 million? Swallowing the majestic momentum of mountains and rivers, they not only pursued the tall figure of a single pottery figurine, but also carefully designed a large-scale military array system composed of more than 8,000 tall pottery figurines. On the right is a huge square, on the left is a sparse large array, and on the left is the headquarters. Thousands of warriors armed with weapons and hundreds of war horses pulling cars, row after row, formed a magnificent lineup. Some are dressed in a bun, in battle robes, boots and crossbows, as if they were leading soldiers from the front; Some wear armor without helmets, hold crossbows and cymbals in their hands, as if they were witty and skillful archers; Some people wear soft hats, robes and armor, shallow shoes and long beryllium, which seems to be close combat. There are also knights wearing Hu clothes, armour, soft hats and horse bows; Wearing a long crown, two arms stretched forward, hands tied in a bun, skilled in imperial hands; A subordinate commander wearing a long crown, a shirt and a long armor and holding Wu Gou; There was a general wearing a crown, colorful scales and a sword in both hands. This vivid image of thousands of troops, especially in expression and personality, is realistic, natural and full of life. For example, the image of a general figurine: burly, dressed in short brown, covered with colorful fish scales, wearing a long crown, with a double curly tail, holding his head high, with an extraordinary expression, dignified and charming. The general warrior's demeanor: some lips are upturned, and their hearts seem to be angry; Some eyebrows are round, and the muscles between them are twisted into knots, which seems to have superhuman courage; Some have thick eyebrows, wide mouths and thick lips, and are honest and honest; Some Shu Mei has beautiful eyes, slightly lowered head and elegant personality; Some eyes are focused and alert; Some people hang their heads and seem to be thinking. Although you want to portray one of the two? Think? Words, due to different expressions, give people the impression that the former is a little arrogant in momentum, while the latter is quiet and elegant. Terracotta Warriors and Horses show the ancient military theme. They didn't choose the war scene where the two sides fought and the soldiers fought, nor did they choose the scene where the soldiers trimmed their defenses. Instead, it captures the grim scene of soldiers standing in a row, armed to the teeth, waiting for the battle. Although I am in this orderly and static military camp, the artists strive for the sculptures of pottery figurines. Do not move once in a while? . Make those samurai figures with sharp armor raise their eyebrows, stand straight and have firm and brave expressions. They seem to be ready to go, they seem to be in a state of war. And those who use the characters, arms stretched forward, holding the bun rope, looking ahead and waiting for them; The pottery horse of the trailer is fat and strong, with a whirring nose, wide eyes and upright ears; Knight figurines, holding a horse in the right hand and a bow in the left hand, are on guard in front of the horse, and once the order is given, they gallop on the battlefield. It is these thousands of pottery figurines full of life and different expressions that constitute the overall static military posture and achieve unexpected artistic effects. ? Quiet and vivid, the quieter the more dynamic? . Only this kind of static military array can make people feel that the depth of its great deterrent force is unpredictable. Such a magnificent formation and composition have never been seen before.
The burial pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang is a part of the burial pit of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, which is located at1500m east of the Mausoleum. The burial pits of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang sit west to east, and the three pits are arranged in a zigzag pattern. The total area is 19, 120 square meters, which is equivalent to the size of more than 50 basketball courts. There are more than 8000 terracotta warriors and horses in the pit. Found the first pit of terracotta warriors and horses, which is also the largest. Rectangular, 230 meters long from east to west, 62 meters wide from north to south and about 5 meters deep, with a total area of 14260 square meters. There are more than 8,000 terracotta warriors and horses in the pit, with sloping doorways on all sides, and two terracotta warriors and horses pits on the left and right, which are now called Pit No.2 and Pit No.3. The layout of the pits is reasonable and the structure is strange. At the bottom of the pit about 5 meters deep, an east-west bearing wall is erected every 3 meters, and the terracotta warriors and horses are arranged in the hole.
Discovery process
1In March, 974, Mr. Yang Zhifa, a villager from Xiyang Village, east of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum, found a large pit of terracotta warriors and horses in the mausoleum between Xiahe Village and Wula Village, three miles east of the mausoleum, while drilling a well for drought resistance. After excavation by archaeologists, the treasure of Qin terracotta warriors and horses buried more than 2000 years ago was unearthed.
1975, the state decided to build a museum on the original site of the figurine pit. 1 97910 June1day, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shihuang began to show to tourists at home and abroad.
Terracotta Warriors and Horses On the afternoon of June 13, 2009, the third large-scale excavation of Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit No.1 of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum began, and then painted terracotta warriors and horses were unearthed in the middle of the northern part of Pit No.1, but unfortunately they were oxidized and decolored soon after being unearthed.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang are one of the greatest discoveries in the world archaeological history, and four pits have been found.
The Terracotta Warriors Museum is the largest ancient military museum in China.
In 198 1 year, the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC) designated the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor as a national key cultural relic protection unit. The first comprehensive archaeological investigation of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum began in 1920.
1982, archaeologists drew the first plane layout of the cemetery. After testing, the cemetery covers an area of 56.25 square kilometers, equivalent to nearly 78 Forbidden City, which caused a sensation in the archaeological community.
1987, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit were approved by UNESCO to be included in the World Heritage List, which is known as? The eighth wonder of the world? Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses make all people in China proud and the whole world amazed!
20 12- 12 The cooperative research between the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum Museum and the School of Archaeology, University of London, UK was listed as one of the most outstanding archaeological research achievements in 20 12.
On March 9, 20 15, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang were exhibited in Tokyo National Museum and other places to further spread Japanese culture and promote cultural exchanges between China and China.
On April 20 15, with the approval of the state, the second excavation of the No.2 pit, which has been dusty for many years, will be officially carried out.