Cassirer, a modern western philosopher, said: "Man depends on his natural environment." Since human beings created their own culture, the relationship between man and nature has been placed in a very important position. As the source of nature's life and the support of human life, water has an indissoluble bond with human culture.
Judging from the origin of the four ancient cultures in the world, the culture of each nation is inseparable from the river that gave birth to it. Ancient Egyptian civilization flourished in the Pentium of the Nile, the kingdom of Babylon rose and fell with the flowing of the Euphrates River, and ancient Greek culture regarded the Mediterranean as the cradle. The Yellow River and the Yangtze River in the East gave birth to our splendid ancient China culture!
"Culture is the way of life of a certain ethnic group living in the same area, which can be found in its art, social system, customs and religion." The English poet Eliot defined culture in this way. He also vividly pointed out that culture is not a machine, but a tree. "You can't make a tree, you can only plant a seedling, take good care of it and wait for it to grow into a tree." Our Chinese culture has grown into a towering tree after thousands of years of wind and rain. China has a profound cultural heritage, and this big tree has branches and leaves all over the world.
In this land in the south of China, every river breeds a branch of this culture. There are Lijiang River in Guangxi, Pearl River in Guangdong and Xiangjiang River in Hunan, and Ganjiang River in Jiangxi has formed its own unique culture of catching water.
First, the historical and cultural beauty of Jiangxi flowing water
"Ganshui flows from Niedu Mountain in the northeast into Pengzexi." The name Ganshui first appeared in Shan Hai Jing. For the name of Ganjiang, the most popular saying is that Zhang and Gong merged. Xiyuan Zhangshui, located in the south of the Yangtze River and north of Nanling, comes from Dayuling, which is adjacent to the south of Jiangxi Province in Guangdong Province. Dongyuan Gongshui comes from Gan Yuan, Shicheng County, Wuyishan District, Jiangxi Province. Zhang Zuo's right tribute constitutes the word "Gan". From south to north, the Ganjiang River flows into Poyang Lake through Wan 'an, Taihe, Ji 'an, Jishui, Xiajiang, Xingan, Qingjiang and Fengcheng, and finally flows into the Yangtze River and flows eastward into the sea. Ganjiang River is the largest and longest river in Jiangxi Province, so Jiangxi is also called "Gan" for short.
This land exudes antique beauty in the gestation of catching water.
The history of Jiangxi is like an ancient book that has been dusty for thousands of years. According to historical records, the history of Jiangxi began in the Paleolithic Age at the earliest, and in the late Neolithic Age about 4,500 ~ 5,000 years ago, two representative local cultures appeared in Jiangxi: one was the Shanbei culture represented by the site of Shanbei Village in Shangfeng Town, xiushui county; Second, the Acropolis-Fancheng Team culture represented by the Acropolis and Fancheng Team in Zhangshu City. By the Western Zhou Dynasty, Jiangxi had been included in the jurisdiction of the central government. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Wu, Yue and Chu fought fiercely for this land. Historically, Jiangxi was also called "Wu Tou Chu Wei". It was also during this period that due to the dense water network in Jiangxi, the fishery began to develop and the "land of fish and rice" began to take shape. The official establishment of administrative institutions in Jiangxi began in the Han Dynasty. Since then, Jiangxi has stepped onto the historical stage as a complete political, economic and military administrative region. Since then, Jiangxi has been regarded as an important geographical location. In the Yuan Dynasty, the system of "Zhongshu Province" was established, and in A.D. 1277, Jiangxi and other Zhongshu provinces were established, and Jiangxi called the province at this time.
Jiangxi is known as "a treasure of things, outstanding people and outstanding people". Throughout the ages, many Jiangxi people have left a glorious page in this ancient book which records the traditional culture of China. There are Tao Yuanming, Wang Anshi, Ouyang Xiu, Wen Tianxiang and Tang Xianzu in the history of literature. Calligraphy and painting include "Badashanren" Zhong Shaojing, Xu Xi and Zhu Da; Zhou Dunyi, Cheng Yi and Zhu He also occupy a place in the history of China's philosophy. Jiangxi deserves to be called "the land of gifted scholars". They have added colorful and prosperous beauty to the culture and art of Jiangxi and China.
"Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely." Tao Yuanming, who was called an "idyllic poet" by later generations, had a great influence on China's poetry art. Tao Yuanming's ancestral home was Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). His poems are simple, natural and concise, which embodies his quiet mood and interest after retiring, leaving a lot of poems praising pastoral scenery for the history of literature. Tao Yuanming successfully promoted "nature" to a supreme beauty, which is a simple beauty behind the prosperity of the world.
Zhu Da is a native of Badashan. Famous artist in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, Nanchang native. His former residence still remains in a corner of downtown Nanchang. Strolling between the blue tiles and white walls of Zhu Da's former residence, I feel the desire to integrate with nature. The realm of ancient people's self-cultivation between mountains and rivers is in sharp contrast with that of modern people walking alone in reinforced concrete forests. In the process of reflection, modern people began to yearn for nature and pursue the beauty of harmonious coexistence with nature from their own environment.
Long-term harmonious coexistence with green mountains and green waters has continuously cultivated and strengthened people's affinity for nature and aesthetic consciousness. Advocating nature and pursuing the beauty of nature is one of the most important aesthetic characteristics of ancient literati. "The beauty of mountains and rivers has existed since ancient times." This is a true portrayal of Ganshui culture advocating the natural beauty of mountains and rivers.
Second, the material and cultural beauty of Ganshui River
Material culture is the condensation of a nation's wisdom and spirit, the carrier of history and the reappearance of people's material culture in today's era.
As a scholar said: "Nanchang has Wang Tengting, which is the emblem of a province;" Just like Tiananmen Square in Beijing, it is a symbol of a country. " Wangtengting is a Gu Lou located on the Ganshui River with a history of 1300 years. It is famous for Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting, one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty. Known as "the first building of the Xijiang River", it is also known as "the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River" with Yueyang Tower in Hunan and Yellow Crane Tower in Hubei.
In June of the 13th year of Zhenguan (639), he was named King Teng, and later moved to Hongzhou (now Nanchang) as the viceroy. He built Wang Tengting Pavilion on the bank of Ganjiang River in the west of Chengnan City, which was used by literati to recite poems and dance. According to legend, the young poet passed by Nanchang when visiting relatives and friends, and happened to catch up with Yan, the governor of Nanchang, and gave a big banquet after rebuilding the pavilion. Wang Bo wrote the famous Preface to Wang Tengting on the spot, making it famous all over the world.
"The sunset is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn water is * * * one color." Looking at the pavilion from a distance, you can see a refreshing scenery: in the distance, Jiangxi has a vast river with the same color, which makes people feel enthusiastic and open-minded We can't help but sigh the beauty of nature, and at the same time feel that human life is just a drop in the ocean, and nature is so lofty!
Across the river from Wang Teng Pavilion is Qiushui Square with modern elements. Its overall shape is crescent-shaped, standing by the river. It is a large leisure square for sightseeing, with the largest music fountain group in China at present, and the main spray height is 128 meters. Walking by the Ganjiang River at night, the river breeze is blowing gently, colorful neon lights shine half the night sky, fountains jump with music ... Qiushui Square culture has formed Nanchang people's unique square mass culture, which is comfortable, relaxed and pleasant. People form a sense of harmony and freedom in such an environment.
Third, the beauty of customs and culture bred by Jiangxi water.
"One side of water and soil, one side of people, one side creates one side of culture". The gestation and development of several major cultural series in China are closely related to the division of river basins. For example, Guanlong culture, Central Plains culture and Qilu culture belong to the Yellow River culture, while Bashu culture, Jingchu culture and Wuyue culture belong to the Yangtze River culture. The dotted lakes and boundless rivers and seas are the scenic spots for China's humanities.
In this Ganshui Valley, there are many cultural exchanges: Guyue people, She people, Hakka people ... Hakka people are the best representatives of Jiangxi's humanistic customs. Gannan is the main gathering place of Hakka people, and it is called "Hakka base camp" like western Fujian and northeastern Guangdong.
Hakka dialect is a unique and stable branch of the Han nationality in the Central Plains, which gradually entered the triangle region of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong due to war and famine, and merged with the local She and Yao nationalities. Gannan Hakka people have their unique Hakka dialect system, unique cultural customs and emotional mentality.
The most prominent feature of Gannan Hakka culture is its language-Hakka dialect. Hakka dialect is one of the seven language families in Chinese, and is called "the living fossil of Chinese" by many scholars. Hakka dialect with a long history, like a continuous stream of Jiangxi water, flows in the fields and villages, market teahouses and every Hakka's life journey, and will not change with the passage of time. Surprisingly, however, Hakka dialect has not been lost by other Chinese language families and dialects with the migration and flow of Hakka people, and has been preserved as the "last Chinese language" to this day.
In addition, Hakka folk culture still retains the most traditional part of China. Although forced by war and other factors, he came to Jiangxi through hardships, but he never forgot his life experience, attached importance to tradition and revered his ancestors. This kind of consciousness is very strong and attached great importance to Zongshen's pursuit of the distance. There are many ideas about funeral customs, even red tape. Gannan Hakkas also created Hakka folk songs, Gannan tea-picking dramas and other cultural arts. According to textual research, Xingguo Hakka folk songs are "the ancestors of China Hakka folk songs", which have been produced and reached a high artistic level as early as the end of the Tang Dynasty, and are still the favorite art form of Hakka people in southern Jiangxi.
"Age often makes the most common objects have a kind of beauty." Hakka culture is like a genre painting, which depicts the simple and clear historical picture of the Han nationality to the world and shows its custom beauty. And simplicity itself is a kind of beauty.
Jiangxi water is not only the source of Jiangxi people's life, but also the source of Jiangxi people's creation of Jiangxi culture. Jiangxi water culture is the mother of Jiangxi culture and the cultural achievement created by Jiangxi people in the process of dealing with water. Ganshui culture is a kind of beauty, which permeates the cultural field in many ways and exudes different flavors. The interaction between Jiangxi people and water, through the promotion of aesthetics and emotion, has produced a unique low-water culture in this land of Jiangnan, using the rivers of Jiangxi water to convey beauty, express beauty and feel beauty.
See if this can be adopted quickly ~ ~ ~ Please help!