1033, divided Switzerland was once again under the unified holy Roman Empire. Due to the power struggle between the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and the Pope, the German monarchy declined and the influence of local governors increased. In order to expand their power, various rulers established a large number of cities. In today's Switzerland, the Zelingen family has promoted the establishment of many cities and formed a unique urban autonomy system in Switzerland. It laid the foundation for the establishment of the Swiss Federation in the future.
Swiss Union
Rudolph of the Habsburg dynasty was a local Lord in the 3rd century A.D./Kloc-0, and he tried to establish the royal power in Switzerland. In order to fight against the Habsburg dynasty, 129 1 August 1 day, Schwier, Nizhny Walden and Uri formed a Swiss permanent alliance. 129 1 August 1 also became the national day of Switzerland.
13 15, the Swiss allied forces defeated the Habsburg army in the Battle of Molga Teng. In the next 40 years, Lucerne, Zurich, Glarus, Zug and Bern also joined the alliance.
1499, the Swiss Allied Forces defeated Austria in the Swaban War and gained its recognition of independence from the Holy Roman Empire. Switzerland has essentially become independent. Basel and Schaaffhausen joined the Federation on 150 1 and 15 13 respectively, and the Federation increased to 13.
15 15 years, in the battle of Marigrana, the Swiss Union was defeated by the French and Venetian allied forces, and has been pursuing a neutral policy ever since.
During the Reformation.
/kloc-the religious reform movement in the 0 th and 6 th centuries rose widely in Switzerland and had an indelible impact.
With Zurich as the center, Zwingli publicized the Reformation and established the dominant position of Protestantism in Zurich on 1523. Calvin then reformed in Geneva. Due to religious division and different economic interests, different states have different attitudes. 153 1 year, Zwingli was killed in the religious armed conflict in Cabel.
From 65438 to 0532, the Reformation spread all over Switzerland, then went out of Switzerland and spread all over Europe.
The formal establishment of the country
1648, France and Sweden defeated the Holy Roman Empire, forced them to make peace, and signed the Peace of Westphalia in that year 10. Switzerland gained real independence and became a sovereign country.
Berne
1798, Napoleon invaded Switzerland and established the first Hervey Republic.
1803, Switzerland expelled the French army from the country, and Switzerland expanded to 19, restoring the Federation.
18 15, the states of Valais, New Chastel and Geneva joined the Swiss. In the same year, Switzerland signed a new federal treaty and restored the sovereignty of all states except foreign affairs. The Vienna Conference held in the same year confirmed Switzerland as a permanent neutral country.
1848, Switzerland formulated a new constitution, established the Federal Council and became a unified federal country.
Switzerland remained neutral in both world wars.
20 15, 10 10 was elected as a member of the United nations human rights Council on October 28th, with a term of 20 16 to 20 18 years.