The former site of Fenghuang Mountain Revolution is located at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain in Yan 'an City. It is the first stop after the central authorities arrived in Yan 'an from1October 20th 1937 13 to 1938 165438. During this period, the central government realized the strategic transformation from the Agrarian Revolutionary War to the Anti-Japanese National War, and passed the strategic defense stage of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. With the peaceful settlement of the Xi Incident and the basic realization of domestic peace, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent a delegation headed by Zhou Enlai to negotiate with the Kuomintang for many times, and finally achieved the second cooperation. On March 1937, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting of the Political Bureau, a meeting of party representatives in the Soviet area, a working meeting in the White Area and the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee, and made major decisions such as the strategic shift from the Agrarian Revolutionary War to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, making full political and organizational preparations for the coming War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression of the whole nation. Here, Comrade Mao Zedong wrote brilliant works such as Theory of Practice, Theory of Contradiction and Protracted War, and also met many Chinese and foreign people such as Bethune and Wei. The former site at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain is not only a revolutionary memorial, but also a well-preserved building facility, which fully embodies the characteristics of folk houses in northern Shaanxi. In particular, the quadrangle building layout with kiln and courtyard is a typical living form for the rich. The kiln is the main room, the tile house is the wing room, and there are high stone steps and blue brick porches in front of the kiln. There are stone mills, stone mills and carved doors and windows in the courtyard, all of which have distinctive northern Shaanxi customs.

1937 1 month, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China moved from security to Yan 'an. In order to arrange the second cooperation between the two countries, Tian Yimin was appointed by the Secretary General of the Kuomintang Shaanxi Provincial Government to handle official business in Yan 'an (Tian Yimin is Du's secretary). After Tian arrived in Yan 'an, during his official duties, Lin, then chairman of the Soviet area, arranged for him to meet with him. Tian Yimin is 23 years old. He met the leader of the * * * production party in Yan 'an. Mao Zedong lived in Li Jiayuan at the foot of Phoenix Mountain in Yan 'an, and the kiln owner Li Xiuwen gave up the three-hole grotto kiln. The kiln is cut out of stone, and five of the six sides of the kiln are made of stone. There is a heatable adobe sleeping platform in the kiln. Because Mao Zedong was not used to the heatable adobe sleeping platform, he put a wooden bed board on the heatable adobe sleeping platform, covered the bed with a clean quilt, put a rectangular small kang table on the edge of the kang, put some books and tea sets on the table, and hung a big battle and military map on the wall. After Tian Yimin sat down in a cave in Mao Zedong, he established a family relationship with Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong asked about Tian Yimin's work and family, and he was very kind. At this time, Li Jiantang, the son of the kiln owner's house, was holding a small bowl of pickles in his hand, saying that it was given to Chairman Mao by his mother. Mao Zedong introduced Tian Yimin to the owner of this cave. He is an enlightened person. We lived in someone else's cave and didn't spend a penny. During the Anti-Japanese War, everyone was making contributions to the War of Resistance. We formed a United front for the sake of resisting Japan and saving the nation. We introduced that this educated Li Jiantang was a doctor and very capable ... Tian Yimin saw from this great man that the producer of * * * was not as disgusting as described by the Kuomintang reactionaries, but was laughing and human. At the end of the conversation, Tian Yimin offered to take pictures of Mao Zedong, and Mao Zedong generously agreed. They walked into the yard together to take pictures. At that time, Tian Yimin's camera was licensed by Aike made in France, and the film was FIIMPACK, so he could only shoot one by one. Mao Zedong stood in the yard, watching the young man fiddling with the operation in a hurry. He said to Tian Yimin, "Don't worry, take your time." . Just when Tian Yimin saw a chicken in the camera and wanted to drive it away, Mao Zedong shook his hand and said, "Don't worry, leaving the chicken behind is more lively." In this way, Tian Yimin took the earliest photos of Mao Zedong coming to Yan 'an. This photo was used as the cover of Mao Zedong's autobiography in 19371/month. Unfortunately, the photo on the cover was turned over. Later, this photo was used in several places, and some of them removed the chicken from the photo. Mao Zedong lived in a dark and damp stone kiln in Li Jiayuan for nearly half a year, where he wrote his philosophical masterpieces "On Practice" and "On Contradiction".

1937, Comrade Mao Zedong and his son An Ying lived somewhere in the Phoenix Mountain in Yan 'an. At that time, An Ying was only fourteen or fifteen years old. There is a small toilet outside the yard where Mao Zedong lives. It used to be cleaned by comrades in the security class, but for many days, the toilet was always cleaned before the soldiers went. The soldiers were very puzzled. One morning after the heavy snow, the soldiers got up early to sweep the snow. When the doorman squad leader was ready to clean the snow near the toilet, he found that the snow outside the toilet had already been cleaned. "Who cleaned it?" Everyone is guessing, but I can't guess at the moment. Suddenly, the monitor listened to someone in the toilet: "Take some ash from the stove, pick it out with a basket and scatter it in the toilet." What a familiar voice! The monitor immediately recognized this conversation between Comrade Mao Zedong and An Ying Jr. It turned out that Comrade Mao Zedong came to clean the toilet with kishida fumio in order to cultivate her good habit of loving labor since childhood. Since then, the guards can often see a little boy cleaning the toilet, rarely without interruption.

1940 On February 24th (the 17th day of the first lunar month), people were still immersed in the atmosphere of the Spring Festival. Three squadrons of the Japanese Koike (Left) Brigade stationed in Linyi City, Shandong Province, and the puppet troops stationed in Kameda Squadron in Ganyu County, Jiangsu Province, lasted for more than 450 days, and rushed out of the encirclement and adopted the sneak attack tactics of dividing troops to encircle, in an attempt to annihilate Qian Fang District of Junan County in one fell swoop. There are more than 300 people in Ganyu County Brigade. Since the fall of Ganyu County on 1938, Zhu Aizhou, the patriotic county magistrate of the Kuomintang, led the county brigade to Qian Fang District of Junan County, which borders it, and often harassed the Japanese army and made it bear a grudge. On the afternoon of 23rd, Colonel Koike received a secret message from Captain Kameda of Ganyu County: Zhu Aizhou County Brigade was stationed in Zhujiawazi Village, hoping to attack and destroy it together. After receiving the tip-off, Colonel Koike thought it was time to make contributions. After some planning, he took three well-equipped squadrons eastward to Junan. Camp in Zhubian Village, Junan at night. After midnight, continue to Qian Fang. Near dawn, Dazuo Koike led the Japanese puppet troops to secretly approach the area where Zhu Aizhou was stationed. Cunning Koike first sent a traitor team to touch Xipo Village, Zhuanggang District, which is adjacent to Qian Fang District, and was discovered by the sentry. The sentry shot and called the police, shouting, "The enemy stole the camp! The enemy stole the camp ... "Shouts woke the sleeping people. The military camp immediately fried the pot, and the people nearby also looked around and fled.

It turned out that the officer training team of the Kuomintang 57th Army11Division was stationed here. Zhang Yucheng, the captain of the training team, is still sober. He picked up the phone and said, "Report Mr. Chang, the Japanese sneak attack is coming ..." The situation of the Japanese sneak attack quickly spread to Chang Enduo, the division commander of 1 1 stationed in Zhumei Village, Qian Fang District. 1 1 1 The division was originally the Northeast Army of Zhang Xueliang. Teacher Chang Enduo is a famous anti-Japanese soldier who participated in the famous Battle of Taierzhuang. Before the Xi incident, he had contact with Xu Haidong, the general of the Red Army, and gradually learned the truth of the revolution. In the Xi incident, he was one of the generals who secretly suggested to General Zhang Xueliang to remonstrate with Chiang Kai-shek. After the Xi Incident, Chang Endor, as commander-in-chief, personally listened to the teachings of Zhou Enlai and other leading comrades in China. At the beginning of 1939, he led his troops to Shandong and secretly joined the China * * * production party. Soon, his troops were stationed in Qian Fang, and the division headquarters was located in Zhumei Village. He is strict in running the army, caring for the people, uniting with friendly troops and being deeply loved by the people. When he got the news of the Japanese attack, Mr. Chang ignored his illness and grabbed the phone: "Brigade 333, is that Brigadier General Wan Yi?" The officer training team in Xipo Village, Zhuanggang District was ambushed by the Japanese army. Your 66 1 and 662 regiments were ordered to attack quickly ... ". Colonel Koike, who wanted to sneak attack Ganyu County Brigade, never dreamed that he would touch the camp of11division. He thought: The Japanese army suffered Chang Enduo's losses in Taierzhuang and Wangjiazhuang Village in Junan Cross. Thought of here, he was deeply depressed and angrily blamed the information provided by Kameda for being inaccurate. Looking at China's troops coming from all directions, listening to the roar of bullets, it was too late to retreat. He looked around and saw a mountain peak towering in the southwest less than 5 kilometers away from him, surrounded by rolling mountains, ravines and pine forests. This is Phoenix Mountain. Located at the junction of Ganyu County and Junan County, it is named after it looks like a phoenix, with an altitude of more than 400 meters. It is one of the dangerous peaks in southeastern Shandong, which is easy to defend but difficult to attack. So he pointed the eastern knife to the southwest, and the Japanese army roared to the southwest to seize the commanding heights. Kameda Squadron, which came from Ganyu County by surprise, arrived at Zhujiawazi Village in Qian Fang District on time at dawn, and was found by the sentry, so it was connected with Ganyu County Brigade. On Nanling Mountain in the village, the county brigade, under the command of Zhu Aizhou and relying on the familiar terrain, pressed the Japanese army under the ridge slope. The battle was in a stalemate and lasted for nearly three hours. Captain Kameda saw Colonel Koike's delay in coming to meet him. Knowing that the situation was not good, he desperately seized the commanding heights. The poorly equipped county brigade fought and retreated, and finally joined forces with the 333 brigade at Jinniu Duoling at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain. Taurus mountains, more than 250 meters above sea level, is the second commanding height except Phoenix Mountain. Captain Kameda and the remaining Japanese troops with less than 65,438+000 people also joined Koike Brigade in Jinniudui. The powerful Japanese forces joined forces to capture the Taurus crib, and Brigadier General Wan Yi (especially party member) ordered the whole brigade to fight to the death. The fighting lasted nearly two hours. Seeing that it was impossible to attack for a long time, the Japanese army changed its intention, bypassed Jinniu Duoling, and joined forces to break through in the direction of Phoenix Mountain and seize Phoenix Mountain. The Japanese army captured Phoenix Mountain, posing a serious threat to11/division headquarters. After receiving the report that the Japanese army occupied Phoenix Mountain, Mr. Chang knew the importance of this mountain and hurriedly ordered the second echelon Tang Brigadier to lead the 33 1 brigade into battle. Tang adopted the tactic of circuitous encirclement and suppression, gradually approaching Phoenix Mountain, and ordered the whole brigade to launch a charge. Fiona Fang 10 square kilometers of land was deafening for a while, but the Japanese army beat back the 1 1 division that charged again and again with huge stones and dangerous and favorable terrain. Teacher Chang urgently ordered the mountain artillery battalion directly under the division headquarters to come to support, and ordered the battalion commander of 66 1 regiment of 333 brigade to form a death squad. Under the cover of artillery fire, the battalion commander Wang led a death squad of more than 30 people to attack the top of the mountain. On the verge of attacking the top of the mountain, a bullet flew over and the battalion commander Wang fell to the ground. Seeing the death of the battalion commander, everyone shouted the slogan of "revenge for the battalion commander" and rushed to the top of the mountain. The follow-up troops struggled to follow up. A round of shells made the devil cry. Under the bombardment of powerful artillery and the advancement of superior forces, the Japanese army was forced to retreat to the ravine on the west side of Fenghuang Mountain. It's getting dark and the gunfire is getting weaker and weaker. The Japanese army, who lost all hope, fled to Xiyanma Village at night. 1 1 1 division and county brigade pursued their victory and surrounded Xiyanma village. There are nearly 400 people in Xiyanma Village. When they heard the gunshots, all the young and middle-aged people hid in the mountains, leaving only 100 old, weak, sick and disabled. In order to protect the lives of the masses and the shortage of ammunition at that time, Mr. Chang ordered most of the besieged troops to quit fighting, leaving only 250 troops and more than 280 puppet troops. 1On August 3rd, 942, Chang Enduo revolted in Zhifang Village, Ju 'nan County, leading more than 2,700 people to join the Eighth Route Army. This war laid a foundation for the consolidation, development and expansion of the anti-Japanese base area in Junan County, and also created conditions for the leadership and command organs of Shandong Party, government and army to move to Junan. At this point, Junan County is known as "Little Yan 'an in Shandong".

19 15 April 19 (the sixth day of the third lunar month) A poor tenant farmer in Hanjiawan, Yilong County, Sichuan Province died before he was one year old and was raised by his aunt. /kloc-When he was 0/2 years old, he herded cattle and mowed the grass for the landlord. 1933 In September, the Red Army came to his hometown and established a revolutionary regime. He took an active part in the Young Pioneers, was elected as the captain, and seriously assisted the Red Army and the militia to stand guard and find out the bad guys. 1933 12 joined the red army and soon joined the youth league. 1937 10, joined the China * * * production party. In a battle against the siege of the Sixth Route Army, he was injured twice in his right leg and suffered from severe pain. He rushed into the enemy's defense line and seized two enemy machine guns. 1In June, 935, the Red Fourth Front Army and the Central Red Army joined forces in Sichuan and advanced northward. On the way to the Long March, he crossed the inaccessible snow-capped mountains and grasslands twice and experienced hardships. After arriving in northern Shaanxi, he was transferred to the communication class of the guard camp of the Central Military Commission as the monitor. In several years of communication work, he completed the task seriously, diligently, responsibly and accurately. 1940 in the early summer, the Kuomintang die-hards carried out military "encirclement and suppression" and economic blockade against the soldiers and civilians in the border area. In order to solve the central heating problem in winter, he led a group of people to burn charcoal in the deep forest in Tuhuanggou, south of Yan 'an. After three months' efforts, 80,000 Jin of charcoal was finally transported to Yan 'an after several heavy procedures, such as cutting down trees, beating kiln, burning fire, taking out kiln, binding and transporting. 194 1 year, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression entered the most difficult period. In order to overcome the economic difficulties caused by the enemy blockade, he went to Nanniwan for land reclamation with the guard camp. Lead the whole class of soldiers, overcome many difficulties in life, and strive to complete the production tasks assigned by superiors. At the same time, I also undertake the communication work as usual. After a hard day's work, regardless of fatigue, I traveled long distances at night to deliver letters and complete communication tasks. /kloc-in the winter of 0/942, he was transferred back to Yan 'an from Nanniwan. Soon, due to the reorganization of the army, the leader transferred him to another class as an ordinary soldier. In this regard, he has no complaints, obeys the needs of the revolution, and nominally does not care about personal gains and losses. 1943 In early summer, he was transferred to Zaoyuan security class and worked as a guard beside Chairman Mao. 1944, the organization sent him to burn charcoal in Ansai county. On September 5, when he was working in a charcoal kiln, the charcoal kiln suddenly collapsed and died. 1944 On September 8th, three days after Zhang Side's sacrifice, the Central directly under the authority held a memorial service for him in Zaoyuan playground at the foot of Phoenix Mountain in Yan 'an. Chairman Mao wrote an inscription "Salute to Comrade Zhang Side who sacrificed for the people's interests". After 1 in the afternoon, Chairman Mao strode to the altar and delivered a speech entitled "Serving the People".