On the basis of the previous generation, the social economy of the Ming Dynasty made great progress. The commercialization of agricultural products has expanded, the production level of handicrafts has improved, the technology is exquisite, the business is prosperous, the market is active, and the seeds of capitalism have emerged.
In the Ming Dynasty, feudal culture was extremely prosperous. Wang Shouren, Li Zhi and other famous figures have emerged in the ideological circle. The novel has made brilliant achievements. The Water Margin, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Journey to the West and other works are famous in history. Tang Xianzu, Yuan Hongdao, Xu Wei and other writers and artists led for a while; Scientists such as Xu Guangqi, Song, Li Shizhen and Xu Xiake made outstanding contributions. At this time, the largest book in the history of China, Yongle Dadian, appeared.
Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang
Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang (1328~ 1398) was born in Haozhou.
Zhu Yuanzhang was born in an ordinary peasant family. /kloc-When he was 0/7 years old, a plague occurred in his hometown. His parents and brothers were killed in this disaster. The young Zhu Yuanzhang had to become a monk for food and clothing. Who knows that the monk is not good either, and soon the famine forced him to leave the temple and go out for alms. This outing can be said to have a great influence on Zhu Yuanzhang's life, which not only exercised his will and body, but also exposed him to some anti-meta-thoughts.
Shortly after returning to his hometown, introduced by his playmate Tang He, Zhu Yuanzhang joined the Red Scarf Army in Guo Zixing. Because of his wisdom and courage, he soon became Guo Zixing's confidant and married Ma Shi, Guo Zixing's adopted daughter. During Guo Zixing's reign, Zhu Yuanzhang constantly expanded his power and mastered a team that really belonged to him, so that Zhu Yuanzhang easily defeated Guo Zixing's son and gained control of the team after Guo Zixing's death. Zhu Yuanzhang was not satisfied with enough territory. If he wants to occupy this grand plan, he must have a stable base area, so Nanjing (Qing Ji) came into his sight. 1356, Zhu Yuanzhang captured Qing Ji and renamed it Yingtianfu, calling himself Wu Guogong. At the same time, we adopted Zhu Sheng's suggestion of "building a high wall, building a good relationship and becoming king slowly", and vigorously developed production, laying a solid foundation for a bigger war in the future.
Next, Chen Youliang was defeated in the periphery of Nanking, Chen Youliang's army was completely defeated in a bloody battle in Poyang Lake, Zhang Shicheng was destroyed in Zhejiang, Han Liner was killed, and Xu Da and Chang Yuchun were sent to the Northern Expedition. Destroy all forces one by one. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian, with the title Daming. In the same year, Yuan Shundi was expelled from Beijing.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), it adopted the policy of living in peace with the people, reduced taxes, promulgated the Daming Law, and stabilized social order. At the same time, the prime minister was abolished, the six-department system was implemented, the Yushitai was changed to the inspector's office, the guard system was implemented, the military commanders were separated from the military power, and a royal guard was set up to supervise the courtiers and the people. All these measures greatly strengthened the imperial power.
Zhu Yuanzhang's repeated imprisonment also left a strong mark in history. Heroes in Hongwu period, except a few such as Geng Bingwen, were all killed. In the Hu case, 30,000 people were killed, and another 1.5 million people were implicated in Zhu Yuanzhang's aquamarine case in his later years. So that in the battle of Jingnan, the Nanjing court had no generals to send. It can be said that Zhu Yuanzhang's enfeoffment of foreign princes and the killing of heroes directly led to Wen Jian's failure in the battle of Jingnan. 1398 In May, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Emperor, died of illness in Nanjing. He was in office for 3 1 year and died at 7 1 year.
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Zhu Yunwen, Ming Huidi
Ming Huidi Zhu Yunwen, the eldest grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, and the eldest son of Prince Zhu Biao.
In the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu, Crown Prince Zhu Biao died of illness. Zhu Yuanzhang had to reconsider the issue of succession to the throne. During this time, he thought of Judy, the fourth son of the emperor, because Judy was very similar to himself in many places. However, when Liu Sanwu, the minister, asked the ministers, if the fourth son of the emperor was established, where should the second and third sons be established? At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang had enfeoffed the kings, and the second, third and fourth sons of the emperor were named three princes of Qin, Jin and Yan respectively. The fiefs of these three men are all important border towns and armed to the teeth. Once there is infighting over storage, the consequences will be very serious. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang had to let Zhu Biao's second son Zhu Yunwen be the great-grandson of the emperor (Zhu Biao's eldest son died young). Zhu Yuanzhang died in the thirty-first year of Hongwu, and Zhu Yunwen officially acceded to the throne, changing the following year to the first year of his work. It is not difficult to see from the title that a Wen Jian, a Hongwu, and two emperors have completely different personalities, and an important reason why Zhu Yuanzhang is unwilling to set up an emperor's grandson is that Zhu Yunwen, like his father, is too weak, too kind, too seriously influenced by Confucianism, and I am afraid he will suffer a big loss in the future.
After Wen Jian ascended the throne, the tense atmosphere in Hongwu period was changed, and a breeze blew in China. He reused Huang Zicheng, Qi Tai, Fang Xiaoru and other literati, reformed the politics of the first dynasty, and created a relaxed environment for the people and officials. An important measure in the reform is to reduce the number of fans. At that time, most of the fans were Zhu Yunwen's uncles, and they all had military power. They do evil in their own land, and some even prepare to rebel. Judy, the prince of Yan, is one of the most representative. At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang's first three sons died, and Judy became the oldest prince. In addition, with Judy becoming stronger and stronger in the process of fighting against Mongolia, he has become the biggest threat to the imperial power.
It can be said that Emperor Wen Jian's cutting was aimed at the prince alone. But his weakness hurt him, which was his first mistake in making decisions on major issues. He didn't behead the prince first, but laid hands on other princes, which made the prince in jeopardy, alarmed him and made the prince step up preparations. When Wen Jian decided to attack Judy, it was too late. Judy, the prince of Yan, quickly raised the banner of Jingnan. In the first battle, the imperial army occupied an absolute advantage, but due to Li Jinglong's improper command, the Ming army suffered repeated battles and defeats. However, due to the limitation of troops, the cities occupied by the Yan army soon gave up, so the two sides launched a seesaw war. During this period, a number of outstanding generals emerged in the Ming army, and their tenacious resistance posed a great threat to Judy. However, Zhu Yunwen's weakness once again shows that his imperial edict "I want to live my uncle" saved Judy from many disasters, and his woman's kindness finally pushed the court to the abyss. After four years of tug-of-war, the prince correctly analyzed the situation. As long as he is in power, the local troops will resist for a day, and they will resist the king. However, if Nanjing is captured and his rule is driven away, they can become the king of a country. I believe there are not many people who oppose it, because everyone is watching.
So Yan Jun bypassed this big city and headed south. At that time, the imperial court in Wen Jian was in a mess, and many local generals just held their horses. Soon, Yan Jun Enemy at the Gates, the prince and some generals opened the door and surrendered without authorization. Nanjing was finally occupied, and Emperor Wen Jian disappeared. Moreover, as Judy expected, there was little opposition at the local level. Judy declared victory in the battle of Jingnan, and he ascended the throne of Yongle Emperor himself. However, in the imperial court, the situation is different. Only 24 civil servants surrendered, while thousands of others fled or committed suicide. There are almost no available people in Yongle court, which shows that his position in the minds of literati is quite high.
Emperor Wen Jian's trip to the emperor ended four years later. As an emperor, he is too kind and sometimes indecisive. If he is made a courtier, I believe he can love the people like a son and remain uncorrupted, but unlike being an emperor, the emperor is doomed to be inseparable from blood, and he wants to exclude dissidents. He wants to establish imperial power. If he can't do this, the emperor will eventually be eliminated by history, and Wen Jian is such a tragic figure.
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Ming Chengzu Judy
Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was a controversial emperor in history. He made great achievements and created the prosperity of the early Ming Dynasty, but he was overjoyed, suspicious, and killed people without blinking an eye, and his hands were covered with blood. Whether merit is greater than merit or excess is greater than merit can only be grasped by the people themselves.
At the age of eleven, Judy was made a prince by her father Zhu Yuanzhang. At the age of twenty-one, she was sent to Beijing. At that time, although the forces of the Yuan Dynasty had been driven to the grassland, they still had considerable military strength and constantly harassed the northern border of the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, Beijing is not peaceful. It exists as a military center. Zhu Yuanzhang imprisoned Judy in Beijing, hoping that his son could take the place of hero, so as to make the regime of the Ming Dynasty more stable. But it was the four emperors who used their military power to finally seize the position of the emperor, which Zhu Yuanzhang could not have predicted.
During her stay in Beijing, under the guidance of many loyal generals, Judy quickly became a qualified military conductor, won a major victory in the anti-Yuan war and strengthened her military strength. In the last years of Hongwu, he became the strongest vassal in the north. After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, Zhu Yunwen, the great grandson of the emperor, ascended the throne, and his title was established.
At the beginning of Wen Jian's accession to the throne, in addition to a series of necessary reforms, he began to cut the suggestions of Qi Tai and others. After beheading five queens in succession, he directed his finger at Judy, the prince of Yan. Judy also took immediate action to kill the court minister stationed in Beijing and launch Jingnan.
Because the hero of Hongwu period had been killed by Zhu Yuanzhang, the court had to send some young generals to take command. However, due to the powerful imperial court, the two sides are still in a tug-of-war situation. At this time, the weakness of Jianwen Emperor was exposed. Due to some mistakes in his decision-making and the success of Judy's strategy of taking Nanjing directly, Wen Jian occupied Nanjing for four years, and his whereabouts were unknown. Under the "persuasion" of ministers, Judy ascended the throne in Nanjing with the title of Yongle.
In the early years of Yongle, Judy adopted a bloody policy in order to eliminate the residual party member in Wen Jian. "Guaman Copying and Killing Ten Houses" was produced in this period. Some literati have committed crimes, and not only their relatives but also their friends will be put to death by collective punishment, which is called killing ten families. The atmosphere of terror at that time was evident. The influence of eunuchs was fully developed in Yongle dynasty, and many eunuchs participated in politics and became decisive figures. This is also the bane of the eunuch dictatorship in the Ming Dynasty.
An important event in Yongle period was Zheng He's voyage to the West. Zheng He went to the Western Seas for two purposes, the most important of which was to find the missing emperor Wen Jian. At that time, it was said that Wen Jian escaped from the sea. Judy was worried that Wen Jian would make a comeback, so she sent Zheng He, a confidant eunuch, to the Western Ocean to find him. Another reason is Judy's joy. At that time, China was regarded as the center of the world, and all countries should come to congratulate him. So, he sent Zheng He to the Western Ocean to greet the kings of various countries to congratulate him, so as to set off a prosperous time.
Judy's other achievement is the construction of the Forbidden City. At that time, the north was still unstable and there was the possibility of war at any time. Nanjing is far away and the command is inconvenient. Therefore, Judy decided to build Bauhinia City and prepare to move the capital. The construction of Beijing Palace began in 14 16, and the capital was officially moved to Beijing in 142 1.
Judy has also made great achievements in cultural studies, which can be seen from the compilation of Yongle Dadian. Yongle Dadian, compiled by Jie Jin and others, is regarded as the crown of ancient books. Yongle Dadian is more valuable than Sikuquanshu in Qing Dynasty, because it only collects, sorts out and classifies ancient books without any major changes. However, many contents in Sikuquanshu have been revised by editors, which destroyed the original appearance of ancient books. Therefore, Yongle Dadian is worthy of the title of the crown of ancient books.
Ten years after Yongle, Judy began the Northern Expedition, and with the increase of age, the frequency of the Northern Expedition became faster and faster. Judy launched five northern struggles in her life. Except for the first two, most of them waste people and money, which puts a heavy burden on the newly recovered economy. 1424 In July, Judy died in Yumuchuan in the fifth northern struggle. He reigned for 22 years and died at the age of 65. He was buried in Changling at the foot of Tianshou Mountain in Changping, Beijing.
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Ming Renzong Zhu Gaochi
Judy's eldest son was born in the eleventh year of Hongwu, and his mother was Queen Xu. As early as the Hongwu period, Zhu Gaochi was named the Prince of Yan, and was deeply loved by the ancestors of the emperor because of his elegance and kindness. The only fly in the ointment is that Zhu Gaochi is too fat to move. He always needs two attendants to help him move, and he always stumbles. Therefore, for Cheng Zu who has been addicted to martial arts all his life, he doesn't like this son.
After the Jingnan War broke out, he and his mother Xu successfully stopped Li Jinglong's 500,000 troops and saved Beijing. This battle is of great significance to the whole south of Beijing, and it is also the most dazzling stroke of Zhu Gaochi in the south of Beijing. Since then, because of his obesity, it is inconvenient to fight with the army, so he was left in the rear, so Zhu brought the emperor's second son to the front desk.
Zhu and Zhu are quite similar, both brave and good at fighting. He has high prestige among military commanders. When Cheng Zu was rescued from danger many times in the battle, Cheng Zu may have granted his wish and said, "Your eldest brother is ill, and the throne will be yours in the future." After listening to this, Zhu's enthusiasm was even higher, and he made great contributions to the whole Jingnan neutrality.
After Jing Nan succeeded, Judy succeeded to the throne, but she hesitated on the issue of establishing a prince. Zhu Gaochi won the support of civil servants for his kindness and elegance. He was Yan Shizi personally selected by Mao for Judy, and he was the legal heir to the throne. In feudal society, this is very important; And Zhu's character is quite like brave and handsome. He made great contributions under difficult circumstances, and Cheng Zu personally made a wish to pass on the throne to him. Personally, he hopes to establish Zhu. He thinks that Zhu Gaochi is too soft-hearted and will be intimidated in the future.
But in the end, Cheng Zu made Zhu Gaochi a prince, because the civil servants had too much power. In peacetime, mastering civil servants is equivalent to mastering the country. A military commander's clumsy tongue can't compare with the pen and mouth of the above-mentioned minister. Besides, Zhu Gaochi didn't make any major mistakes when he was a prince, so he was ruined. It is very important that Zhu Gaochi's son Zhu Zhanji has won Judy's love. Jie Jin, a famous civil servant, once persuaded Cheng Zu with "a good grandson", which is similar to Yong Zhengdi's accession to the throne in Qing Dynasty.
Zhu didn't just give in. He refused to go to San Francisco and stayed in Beijing to wait for an opportunity to act. First, he slandered Jie Jin, the first hero of Li Chu, who was killed a few years later. Then privately, he raised many warriors. Fortunately, he and Queen Xu persuaded Zhu to cut off several guards and drove him to San Francisco. The dispute between high heat and high enthusiasm has come to an end for the time being.
Unexpectedly, Cheng was killed halfway. Zhu Gaosui, the emperor's third son, plotted to kill Chengzu during his illness, and then he was called to the throne. Fortunately, someone tipped them off and disaster didn't come. Later, due to Zhu Gaochi's intercession for Zhu Gaosui, Cheng Zu finally didn't pursue it again.
On July 18th, the 22nd year of Yongle, 65-year-old Ming Chengzu died on the way to the Northern Expedition in Beijing. In order to avoid Zhu He taking the opportunity to make trouble, the British public servant Zhang Fu and cabinet ministers kept this secret, so they melted the lacquerware in the general's body into a big coffin and put his body in the coffin.
As usual, we have dinner every day to pay our respects, but the curtain of the emperor's sedan chair has never been lifted, and the emperor does not speak. Everything is normal in the army. At the same time, Yang Rong and eunuch Hai Shou were sent to Beijing to report, and Zhu Gaochi immediately sent his son Zhu Zhanji to Beijing to welcome the funeral. Due to the careful arrangement of ministers, there was no rebellion in the end and the regime was able to transition smoothly.
After Zhu Gaochi ascended the throne, he changed to Hongxi and began a series of reforms. He abolished ancient castration, stopped treasure ships from going to the west, and stopped the royal family from purchasing jewelry. He took Emperor Taizong as a model everywhere and loved the people like a son. He ordered tax reduction and exemption, gave free relief to the affected areas, opened some mountains and rivers for farmers to fish and hunt, changed the usual punishment for refugees and adopted a proper resettlement method. All these have enabled the people of Hongxi Dynasty to fully recuperate and develop their productive forces in an unprecedented way. The Ming dynasty entered a stable and powerful period, which was also the beginning of the so-called "benevolent rule" in history.
Ideologically, he advocates Confucianism, loyalty and filial piety. During his reign, Confucianism was fully developed, and many unjust cases were solved, such as the case of Fang Xiaoru, a loyal minister in Wen Jian, and the case of Jie Jin in Yongle. Renzong is very good at remonstrance. He once gave Yang Shiqi and others a small seal to encourage them to protest. Therefore, Hongxi's politics is very clear, courtiers can express their opinions and emperors can do good deeds.
Emperor Hongxi also made important contributions to the imperial examination system. At that time, because southerners were smart and hardworking, most of the Jinshi were southerners, but northerners were simple and honest by nature, which was also an indispensable pillar of the royal family. However, northerners are not so talented. In order to ensure that northerners could pass the imperial examination, Emperor Hongxi stipulated that the system of "six in the south and four in the north" had been used until the Qing Dynasty.
May 29th, the first year of Hongxi. Emperor Renzong died of a heart attack at the age of 47. It has been suggested that Injong questioned his contribution less than a year after he was in office. But I didn't know that during his reign, Cheng Zu spent most of his time fighting in the north, and North Korea's government affairs were always handed over to Zhu Gaochi, so he had enough time to carry out his own policies, which laid a good foundation for his accession to the throne. If this time is added, Zhu Gaochi's contribution to the Ming Dynasty is beyond doubt. Zhu Gaochi, Emperor Renzong of Ming Dynasty, deserves to be called Renzong.
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Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji
Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji, the eldest son of Emperor Zhu Gaochi of Hongxi, was born in the thirty-first year of Hongwu. On the night when he was born in Zhu Zhanji, his ancestor Judy, the prince at that time, had a dream. He dreamed that Mao gave him Adachan. In ancient times, Da Gui symbolized power, and Zhu Yuanzhang gave him Da Gui, which meant giving him the country.
When Judy woke up, he was recalling the dream. Suddenly, it was reported that his grandson Zhu Zhanji was born. Judy immediately realized that the scene in her dream was reflected in her grandson. He immediately ran to see his grandson, only to see that Xiao looked like himself and was full of heroic spirit. Judy was very happy after seeing it, which also played a great role in Judy's determination to launch Jingnan. After winning the battle of Jingnan, Judy personally selected the famous civil servant and military commander at that time as Zhu Zhanji's teacher, and repeatedly instructed Sun Huang that he was a talented person and must do his best. Meanwhile, Judy didn't forget to teach him herself. After the mid-Yongle expedition, Judy has been taking Zhu Zhanji with him, letting him know how to lead troops to fight and exercise his courage, which is of great help to Zhu Zhanji's personal expedition.
Every time she returns from an expedition, Judy will take Zhu Zhanji to visit the farmhouse, so that her grandson can experience the hardships of the farmhouse and be a good emperor who loves the people in the future. Judy's careful teaching of Zhu Zhanji is of great significance to Zhu Zhan's later becoming a famous monarch. To a great extent, he was valued by his son, so the father and son became the eyesore of Zhu and others, and the young one was involved in the struggle. However, with his grandfather's love for him and his courage and wisdom, he always helped his father save the day, and finally made Zhu Gaochi ascend to the throne of the emperor.
Who knows that my father's throne was not hot, and he died of sudden illness ten months later. At that time, in Nanjing, his uncle Zhu was going to kill the prince halfway and then become emperor himself. But Zhu Zhanji had long anticipated the future, so when he learned that his father was seriously ill, he immediately rushed to Beijing day and night. At this time, Zhu has not sent an ambush, and he did not expect to come so early. After returning to Beijing, on the one hand, he properly handled his father's funeral, on the other hand, he strengthened public order in Beijing to prevent people from waiting for opportunities to make trouble, and then he calmly ascended the throne, changing next year to the first year of Xuande, and began his imperial career.
After Xuanzong ascended the throne, the biggest problem he faced was the problem of foreign vassals left by Taizu. This problem was not fundamentally solved in Wen Jian, Yongle and Hongxi Dynasties. After Xuanzong ascended the throne, he immediately began to rectify military affairs and prepare for the challenge from powerful governors. His uncle Zhu, who made outstanding achievements in the battle of Jingnan, was very good at leading troops. After the Yongle Dynasty enfeoffed Le 'an, he never gave up his ambition to seize power by force. Finally, the opportunity came. Renzong died, Xuanzong ascended the throne, the country was in turmoil and the emperor was young. It was a good time to rebel, so after careful preparation, he also raised the banner of "Jun Qing side" like his father, pointing to Xia Yuanji, a veteran of the Five Dynasties. At the suggestion of Yang Rong, the minister of Tang Xuanzong, who had been prepared for the expedition, once overwhelmed the rebels in momentum. The soldiers and horses who had previously agreed to join Zhu in fighting together also stayed put. The Ming army quickly surrounded Le 'an, and Zhu had to abandon the city and surrender. The battle ended with the victory of the Ming army and the capture of the enemy leader. Xuanzong also relented. Instead of killing his uncle Zhu, he put him under house arrest in Xiaoyao City.
After the victorious army returned to Beijing, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty immediately summoned another imperial uncle and suggested that he hand over the military power (all the governors at that time had their own troops, called Wei). Zhu Gaosui did not resist, but obediently handed over three guard horses, so that the problem of captaincy in the early Ming Dynasty was finally solved in Xuande Dynasty for nearly half a century. Annan issue is also an important issue in Xuande Dynasty. As early as the Yongle period, due to the internal struggle of Annan, the original ruler of Annan was extinct and Annan was in chaos. Zhang Fu, the general of Chengzu Sect, led the troops to counter the rebellion, and officially set up a residence in Annan, and sent people to manage it. However, due to the oppression and historical origins of some corrupt officials, Annan almost never stopped fighting, which made the financial burden heavy in the early Ming Dynasty.
When Xuanzong ascended the throne, the Annan problem became more and more serious, and the imperial army was constantly defeated in Annan. In this case, Xuanzong resolutely decided to make peace and give up the occupation of Annan. This caused great controversy at that time, but now it seems that Tang Xuanzong's decision is correct, at least in line with the interests of the people. Expedition to Annan not only consumed the national treasury, but also made many families in China suffer from the loss of children and husbands, which was not conducive to economic recovery and social stability. Therefore, it is wise to give up Annan. Xuanzong has "Sanyang" (Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong, Yang Pu), Zhouyi and Xia Yuanji; There are also British officials and local governors like Yu Qian and Chen Zhou, who are really talented. This made the politics clear, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the economy developed unprecedentedly, which formed the famous prosperity situation of "benevolent politics and peace" after Kaiyuan.
As Emperor Taiping, Zhu Zhanji liked cricket fighting since he was a child. After he ascended the throne, he asked all localities to purchase excellent crickets to come to Beijing. In order to please Xuanzong, local officials stepped up their tasks, which once caused great burden to the people. Zhu Zhanji is also known as the "Cricket Emperor". A few years ago, there was a cartoon devoted to this history. The downfall of Xuanzong is also a stain on him, which will be introduced in detail in Yingzong's article. In a word, Emperor Xuande was a competent emperor and his contribution to the Ming Dynasty was indelible. He is called Emperor Taiping by historians and is a famous emperor in history. These titles are not exaggerated for Xuanzong, but Emperor Xuande did not enjoy a long life. After ten years in office, he contracted an unknown disease and gave up. How can his untimely death be regrettable?
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Zhu Qizhen, Ming Yingzong.
Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, the eldest son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, had a legendary life. During the reign of Xuande, Hu Huanghou, the official palace of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty in Zhu Zhanji, was a rare queen with good conduct, virtuous and gentle. Xuanzong also had an imperial concubine named Sun, who was deeply loved by Xuanzong. The only regret is that she didn't get the queen's throne, so Sun Guifei racked her brains to get rid of Hu Huanghou and start her own business.
The opportunity has finally come. Tang Xuanzong's children were not rich. Hu Huanghou failed to give birth to a prince for Xuanzong. Although Sun Guifei failed to have children, she came up with a plan to steal the boat. He sent people to spy around the palace to see which maid-in-waiting was pregnant after the emperor was lucky, so he hid the found maid-in-waiting in the secret room, isolated from the outside world, and sent someone to take care of it. Then he bribed the physician, claiming that he was pregnant, and faked many signs of pregnancy.
The Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368-1644) started with Zhu Yuanzhang and finally thought of Zhu Youjian, with a total of 16 emperors.
The Ming Dynasty was a feudal dynasty re-established by the Han people on the land of China after the demise of the Yuan Dynasty. His establishment raised the status of the Han people, made most of them return to the status of civilians, and created favorable conditions for the further development of China.
In A.D. 1664, Li Zicheng led an army into Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan Park, thus the Ming Dynasty was declared extinct.
The territory of the Ming Dynasty was not as good as that of the Yuan Dynasty, but in its heyday, Mongolia was controlled in the north, the western regions were in the west, the Nuzhen was conquered in the northeast, Tibet was under the jurisdiction of the southwest, and the army was established in the south. In the meantime, Zheng He went to the Western Seas, known as the "salty guest in the four seas", far more than the Tang Dynasty and no less than the Qing Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the detention center system and the chieftain local official system were implemented in minority areas, which promoted the unity and development of multi-ethnic groups in China.
Because the rule of Ming Dynasty was relatively stable, all aspects of Ming society developed. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the development of agriculture, both production tools and output, far exceeded that of the previous generation, further promoting the development of handicrafts and commerce. Handicrafts such as blue and white porcelain and Xuande furnace in Ming Dynasty have become rare works of art now. In addition, the development of science and culture in Ming Dynasty was more rapid. Among the four classical novels in the history of China, The Journey to the West, The Water Margin and The Romance of the Three Kingdoms came from the Ming Dynasty, while Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, Song's Heavenly Creations, Xu Guangqi's Heavenly Creations and Xu Xiake's Travels appeared as scientific works, which have become precious documents for us to study and learn from ancient technology today. During the Yongle period, Zheng He, a famous navigator in China, led an ocean-going fleet to the Western Ocean for six times, which strengthened the economic and political exchanges between the Ming Dynasty and other countries in the world and made contributions to China's going global.