After the Revolution of 1911, civil war broke out in the north and south of China. 19 12 February 12. According to the provisions of the Nineteenth Credo, the Empress Dowager Yulong and the 6-year-old Xuan Tong Emperor Puyi held the last command meeting of the Qing Dynasty in Gan Qing Palace, and decided that Emperor Xuan Tong would abdicate, so Puyi was forced to abdicate. After the Queen Jade Dragon overshadowed Bao Tong, the abdication edict was finally published on the Tiananmen Gate. After Puyi abdicated, the government of the Republic of China negotiated with the Qing Dynasty, reserved many preferential conditions for the royal family and promised to pay 4 million silver dollars for the Qing Dynasty every year. And agreed that Puyi temporarily lived in the Forbidden City. In order to protect the safety of the Forbidden City, after consulting with the government of the Republic of China, the Qing Dynasty decided to send the Second Infantry Regiment under the National Revolutionary Army 16 Division to protect Emperor Xuan Tong who temporarily lived in the palace. The predecessor of this 16 Division of the National Revolutionary Army was the Guards founded by Zai Feng in the Qing government 1908, and the seventh uncle of Puyi held the power of the Guards.

make a comeback

19 17 June 14, Zhang Xun, a former minister of the Qing dynasty, led 4,000 troops to Beijing to oust Li in the name of mediating the contradiction between the State Council's representative Duan and Li, the representative of the presidential palace. In July of 0 1 year, Zhang Xun mutiny and restoration, Pu Yi, who was only 12 years old, sat in the dragon chair again, sealing Hou: Li was awarded the first-class male.

During the restoration period, Puyi worked in the Qing Palace.

Zhang Xun, Wang Shizhen, Chen and Liang Dunyan were cabinet ministers, Wansheng was cabinet ministers, and Liang Dunyan, Wang Shizhen, Zhang, Lei Zhenchun, Sa Zhenbing, Zhu Jiabao, Zhan Tianyou, Shen, Lao Naixuan, Li Shengduo and Gungsangnorbu were foreign affairs, staff officers, multidisciplinary, army, navy and civil affairs.

On July 3, sent troops to crusade against Duan. On June 2nd, 65438, Zhang Xun fled to the Dutch Embassy. The next day, Puyi announced his second abdication, and only sat in the Tianlong chair of 1 1 and got off the stage.

During the restoration period, a * * * and a plane dropped a small bomb over the Forbidden City, hitting the Yan Xi Palace in the middle of the East Sixth Palace of the Forbidden City, causing slight damage to the buildings at that time. This is considered to be the first air strike bombing in East Asia.

big wedding

1922, Puyi got married and married a concubine. The queen is graceful, and the concubine is embroidered.

Puyi studied, recited poems, painted and played the piano in the Forbidden City, or made clay figurines, kept dogs and deer, and sometimes went shopping outside the Palace by bus.

A royal residence built outside the capital for the visiting emperor.

1924165438+1On October 5, the warlord Feng Yuxiang sent Lu to the Forbidden City, forcing Puyi to leave the palace and get a lot of palace property, which is known as "Beijing Affairs" in history. Puyi moved into Beifu (Zai Feng's residence) and then fled into the Japanese legation. In February of the following year, he moved to Jingyuan, a concession in Tianjin, and had contacts with young people Zhang, Duan and Wu of the Qing Dynasty.

After Puyi was forced into the palace, major Japanese newspapers published articles expressing sympathy for Puyi, hoping to establish a puppet Manchukuo in the future. Ironically, Eight-Nation Alliance sent the most troops, and Japan was the hardest hit. Soon, he was escorted to Tianjin by the Japanese. 193 1 year 1 1 month, with the help of the Japanese garrison commander, he sneaked into Lushun and soon arrived in Fengtian.

puppet

193 1 After the September 18th Incident in, with the help of Japanese general Kenji Fukuhara, he fled Tianjin and came to Manchuria.

1932 03 06 5438+0, Japan supported Puyi to establish a puppet Manchukuo in Manchuria. 1932 In September, Japan signed the "Japan-Manchuria Protocol", and the Japanese government officially recognized the puppet Manchukuo and recognized Japan's special interests in Manchuria.

Puyi was in power as a puppet Manchukuo from 0 1,1March 1932 to1February 28, 1934, with the title of "Datong".

Puyi in Time Magazine

1934, with the support of the Japanese Puppet Army, the title of the country was changed to "Manchuria Empire", renamed "Emperor" and renamed "Kant". He ascended the throne in March, 0 1. "Kant" is the abbreviation of Kangxi and Qing Dezong Guangxu, which is intended to commemorate and pin hope on the inheritance of the Qing Dynasty. Puyi is also the marshal of the Manchurian Empire, the army, navy and air force, and the honorary president of the Manchu Empire Association. The four northeastern provinces were built into Japanese mainland, which combined to make this puppet regime appear as "the largest economic power in Asia" and seem to be richer than China. During the period of Puyi's puppet throne, the rich mineral resources of the puppet Manchukuo were favored by the Japanese invaders and occupied and developed. Although the GDP of the puppet Manchukuo is the fourth in the world and the first in Asia, its fundamental lifeline is in the hands of the Japanese occupier Kwantung Army. As a political figure in Asia at that time, Puyi appeared in Time magazine twice, especially the portrait of "four people who solved the Far East crisis".

Be put in prison

1In August, 945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and attacked the puppet Manchukuo, and the puppet Manchukuo regime was eliminated. 1August, 945 15, when Japan surrendered, Puyi issued the imperial edict of abdication. After preparing to go to Japan, the generals of the Japanese Kwantung Army were captured by the Soviet Red Army in the waiting room of Fengtian Airport. He was imprisoned in the Soviet Union for five years. During my five years under house arrest, I went to the "Far East International Military Court" in Tokyo, Japan, to prove the crimes committed by Japanese rulers in China.

war criminal

1August, 945 19, Puyi waited at Shenyang Dongta Airport, was arrested by air for the Soviet Red Army when preparing to leave for Japan, and stayed in Tongliao until August 20th. On August 2 1 day, Puyi was taken to Chita No.1 military airport in the Soviet Union by a twin-engine Douglas, and was detained in Molo Koffka No.30 special prison until1early October. After that, he was detained in Boli Special Prison No.45 until the spring of 1946. However, due to the generous treatment in the detention center, Puyi wrote to the Soviet Union many times, expressing his willingness to live permanently in the Soviet Union and asking to join the Soviet * * * Production Party. However, it is speculated that Puyi may be afraid of being held accountable in the future, so she applied for permanent residency. During his detention in the Soviet Union, he attended the Far East International Military Tribunal as a witness. In his testimony, he claimed that he was completely at the mercy of the Japanese occupation authorities during his tenure as emperor of Manchukuo, and he had no personal freedom and no corresponding rights and dignity as the head of Manchukuo. He was taken to Inner Manchuria by the Japanese Kwantung Army. However, after handing it over to the people of China and the government of China, Puyi admitted that, for fear of being investigated by the China government in the future, she passed on some responsibilities (including how to get to Inner Mongolia) to the Japanese side when testifying, and she had reservations in some places involving the responsibilities of both parties.

01August, 950, Puyi and 263 other Manchurian "war criminals" were handed over from the Soviet government to the China government in Suifenhe, and sent to Fushun War Criminals Management Office for ideological re-education and labor reform for about ten years. At this point, his number is 98 1.

Grant Amnesty

1956165438+10 15, Mao Zedong delivered a speech at the Second Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and further published his basic views on "On Ten Major Relationships", clearly pointing out that Pu Yi and others are "great Chiang Kai-shek", and the only way to deal with them is to gradually transform them. He said, "Those sins are terrible.

President Mao Zedong and Puyi

Extreme local tyrants, evil gentry and bullies are counter-revolutionaries. Do you want to kill them? To kill people. We killed some little Chiang Kai-shek. As for "Great Chiang Kai-shek", such as Wang, Du Fu, we won't kill any of them. However, if "Little Chiang Kai-shek" is not killed, there will be an earthquake under our feet every day, and we will not be able to liberate the productive forces and the working people. Therefore, we must kill a number of counter-revolutionaries, raise a number and control a number. "

After that, Puyi spent three years in Fushun War Criminals Management Office. In the meantime, he carried out serious reforms, or traveled around the northeast, or devoted himself to writing an autobiography in the first half of his life, or took part in light labor in the infirmary inside the high wall and in front of the house. In this gentle and drizzling reform life, Puyi felt warm, and he regarded the prison as his home.

/kloc-in the midsummer of 0/959, at the central meeting in Beijing, Mao Zedong was very satisfied with the Report on Studying and Reforming Kuomintang War Criminals and Puppet Manchurian War Criminals, and immediately studied and dealt with these war criminals. Subsequently, Mao Zedong, on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, submitted a proposal to the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), proposing that some war criminals, counter-revolutionary criminals and ordinary criminals who have really changed from evil to good should be dealt with when celebrating the anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) 10.

Puyi visits Japan

, announced the implementation of Amnesty.

On September 6th, 2007, the 9th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Second NPC, on the suggestion of Mao Zedong, adopted a decision on pardoning criminals who really showed repentance. Subsequently, Liu Shaoqi issued an Amnesty for People's Republic of China (PRC).

Amnesty means acquittal. For these two words, Puyi is as excited and excited as others. He carefully understood Mao Zedong's suggestion, wondering about the almost incomprehensible generosity and generosity between the lines. He wrote such a passage in a manuscript: "Amnesty, who proposed it?" It's the CPC Central Committee. Who suggested forgiveness? Was it the "running dog" who committed heinous crimes against the people and slaughtered countless national party member and revolutionaries?

The Emperor was an accomplice of Japanese imperialism in its aggression against China. Chairman Mao, his wife, two younger brothers and a younger sister were all killed by the Kuomintang, and his son died in the crazy war of aggression by American imperialism against Korea ... "

However, for the first batch of Amnesty, Puyi did not give much hope. He said, "No one can have me. My sin is serious. In terms of performance, I am no better than others. I am not Amnesty enough. " Not only does Puyi feel inferior, but other people's views are similar. They all think that only those petty officials and petty crimes can be pardoned first.

1959 65438+On the morning of February 4th, Fushun War Criminals Management Office held the first batch of Amnesty War Criminals Conference. Notice read by the representative of Liaoning Higher People's Court to Amnesty personnel. Puyi never imagined that "Amnesty Order of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Supreme People's Court-1No.001959". Puyi also wrote in "My First Half Life" that "I was in tears before I heard it. Motherland, my motherland, you made me a man! ……"

Recombination

Puyi and Wanrong

1959 65438+On February 4th, Puyi was pardoned. He saw his second sister run a street nursery, and his second brother-in-law was an engineer in the post and telecommunications department. Sanmei and his wife are studying in the District Political Consultative Conference; Sisai works in the Archives Department of the Forbidden City; Liu Mei and his wife are a pair of painters; Qi Mei and his wife are educators; Fourth brother is a primary school teacher.

Of course, it took a long time for Puyi to get along well with his younger brothers and sisters. At a forum attended by Premier Zhou, Pu Yi, his younger brother and sisters were also invited to attend. Premier Zhou saw Zai Tao and Puyi's sisters sitting together, while Puyi was sitting alone, so he joked, "Well, do you still regard him as the emperor?" Zai Tao hurriedly called everyone to sit with Puyi. During the conversation, Premier Zhou especially praised Seven Sisters who had just attended the Heroes' Meeting in the Great Hall of the People, but at the same time coaxed him into saying, "Puyi has just made progress, so you should help him. A family should strive for the advanced and help the backward. There are always advanced and backward. So is your family. The laggards should learn from the advanced, and the advanced should also take it as their responsibility to help the laggards. " Seven Sisters realized Premier Zhou's deep affection and expectation from the conversation. She changed her original prejudice and was determined to help her eldest brother make progress together.

Pu Yi

Zai Tao happily introduced the third generation of this family to Puyi. In Zai Tao's home, Puyi saw a dozen red scarves around her uncle's house. Some of his sons and nephews have become young people and devoted themselves to the great torrent of building socialism. Among them are workers, cadres, doctors, nurses, teachers, car drivers, and heroic volunteers who have made contributions to the motherland. Among them, some have joined the advanced ranks of the * * * Production Party and the * * * Youth League. Puyi also got to know some old people at home. They lived a stable and happy life under the care of the Party and the government, and some of them were invited to participate in the negotiation of party and state affairs as representatives of local political power.

1960 In March, Puyi was assigned to work in Beijing Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences. 196 1 In June, Puyi was transferred to the Literature and History Research Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference as the information commissioner, and in June, 1964, he was appointed as a member of the Fourth Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference. Puyi was married four times and married five women. The last marriage was with Li 1962. Puyi wrote an autobiography, My First Half Life, which was published by Popular Press in April. 1964. His unique and dramatic experience has been adapted into film and television works for many times, among which the film The Last Emperor won many awards such as 1987 Academy Award.

Last marriage

On April 30th, 1962, the hall of the cultural club by the south river was beaming, and a couple were going to hold a wedding here. The groom used to be the last emperor Puyi, and the bride was Li, a nurse from Chaowai Guanxiang Hospital. More than 100 comrades from the United Front Work Department and CPPCC, as well as Puyi's family and colleagues attended Puyi's wedding. Puyi, dressed in a straight tunic suit, solemnly picked up a prepared speech and delivered a long speech. Puyi said that the wedding was held on this day because the next day was a festival for working people.

Puyi and his wife Li.

Thus, the last marriage of the last emperor began. In fact, Puyi has long wanted to find a partner and start a new life. There are not a few people who take the initiative to introduce him. Even Mao Zedong is very concerned about his personal problems. When meeting with Puyi, Mao Zedong asked humorously, "You haven't divorced yet, have you? The emperor can't live without an empress, you can remarry! " But finding the right partner is not easy for Puyi. Just returned to Beijing for three months, his seventh uncle introduced him to a miss Zhang. The young lady was well dressed and warmly invited Puyi to dance and smoke. However, when Puyi learned that her father was a servant of Qin Chun Wang Fu and owed the emperor a lot of debts, their correspondence suddenly broke down.

Wanrong has a cousin named Miss Wang. She was neither tall nor low until she was 50. At this time, she also became interested in Puyi, invited him to dinner, and made an appointment with someone, which annoyed Puyi. A former squire wanted to marry his daughter to Puyi, but Puyi refused. He said: "They are going to marry the emperor, not an ordinary person like me."

As you can see, Puyi, who is closely related to the nobles of the Qing Dynasty, wants nothing. He is looking for new women in the new society. 1962 10, he wrote in a letter to a friend: These days, many people are looking for someone for me. I counted seven or eight objects, but I haven't seen them yet. I'll let you know when I decide the date. It can be seen that it is not easy for Puyi to find a suitable object. At the right moment, Zhou Zhenqiang, who is also the Commissioner of Literature and History, came to the office with a photo and said that Sha Zengxi, editor of People's Publishing House, asked him to introduce a woman in the photo. The woman in the photo is Li. Puyi was very interested in these photos, and he was even more satisfied when he learned that Li was still a nurse. A few days later, under the recommendation of Zhou Zhenqiang and Sha Zengxi, Puyi and Li met.

In his later years, Li recalled to his neighbor Jia that Li was shocked when he heard Lao Sha introduce himself to Xiao. She didn't intend to meet at first, but under the repeated persuasion of Lao Sha, she went with the mentality of giving it a try.

Collective emperor

Like others in China, I am a' collective emperor'.

1964 is the happiest year of Puyi. This year, his book My First Half Life was finally published in Fu Zi after several revisions. He and his wife participated in a delegation organized by the China People's Political Consultative Conference and witnessed the achievements of the new China in the past ten years. More importantly, he became a member of the Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference. 1964 12.30, Puyi appeared in the lobby of the First Session of the Fourth CPPCC with a red cover stamped with bronzing. This is his first time to attend the meeting as a CPPCC member. At the meeting, Puyi made a speech. Through the existing speech, we can see that his excitement is beyond words. He said: "Today, I am very excited to speak here as a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference ... Many foreign journalists have visited me, and they think it is a miracle that people like me can exist in New China. They not only survived, but also lived well, which puzzled them. In our society, there is indeed such a miracle: transforming war criminals into new people.

1960165438+1October 26th, he solemnly put on the Chinese tunic suit he wore when meeting foreign guests, and shed tears with his colleagues when he cast his ballot.

Afterwards, he wrote:

1960 1 1 On 26th, I got a voter's card with the words "Aisin Giorro Puyi". I feel that all the treasures I have are not worth as much as it. I voted in the red ballot box. At that moment, I felt that I was the richest man in the world. Together with 650 million compatriots across the country, I became the owner of this 9.6 million square kilometers of land.

Puyi in Fushun War Criminals Management Office

Puyi * * * has participated in three elections since he was granted Amnesty, and the third time was shortly after he was discharged from hospital after undergoing nephrectomy. On that occasion, Pu Yi, accompanied by Li, dragged her seriously ill body and listened to the street leaders introducing the candidates with her neighbors. After the introduction, Puyi also scrambled to speak. To Li's surprise, Puyi, who had just been discharged from the hospital, spoke in a surprisingly loud voice. A few days later, Puyi and Li voted in the nearby South Playground Primary School. Li remembers that Puyi always looked serious when he stood in line to vote. Judging from his weak appearance, Li wanted to discuss it with the old street people who lined up before and after, but Puyi refused anyway. It was not until the ballot was solemnly put into the ballot box that he returned home with the help of Li.

Ordinary people seem to have ordinary voting rights, and Puyi cherishes them all the more. Only he knows what this thin vote means to him. It represents the new society's recognition of him as a national citizen.

Puyi readme:

"I was emperor for four times. I inherited the throne of my ancestors for the first time when I was three years old. The second time was 19 17. When Zhang Xun was restored, he made me emperor for ten days. The third time was 1932, and the Japanese helped me ascend the throne of Manchukuo in Northeast China. This scene ends with 1945. The fourth time I became emperor, it was the year before last. I became a citizen of People's Republic of China (PRC), and gained all the right to vote and stand for election. Now I am a' collective emperor' like others in China. "

stop

Dandong puyi monument

From 65438 to 0967, Puyi suffered from uremia. When Premier Zhou Enlai heard the news, he personally called the staff of China People's Political Consultative Conference and instructed them to cure Puyi's illness. Later, he was ordered to arrange a consultation of Chinese and Western medicine in the Capital Hospital. In the most critical situation, Premier Zhou appointed Pu Fuzhou, a famous old Chinese doctor, to see him and conveyed Premier Zhou's regards. He died at 2: 30 am on June 1967 and 10.

Puyi's body was cremated according to the relevant laws of People's Republic of China (PRC), and his ashes were placed in Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. 1995, his widow Li buried her ashes in Hualong royal cemetery in Yixian county, Hebei province, which is 20 kilometers southwest of Beijing1995, and Puyi's tomb is near Qingxi mausoleum.