Belongs to: Lueyang County, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province

Lueyang County is located in the southwest of Shaanxi Province, at the southern foot of the Qinling Mountains, on the western edge of the Hanzhong Basin, and at the junction of the three provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan. The total area is 2831 square kilometers. The total population is 200,000 (2004). The County People's Government is located in Chengguan Town, Postal Code: 724300. Administrative division code: 610727. Area code: 0916. Pinyin: Lueyang Xian. It has a warm temperate zone humid monsoon climate on the northern edge of the northern subtropical mountainous area, with an average annual temperature of 13.2°C and an average annual rainfall of 860 mm.

Lueyang County has jurisdiction over 11 towns and 10 townships: Chengguan Town, Jieguanting Town, Hengxianhe Town, Lianghekou Town, Jinjiahe Town, Xujiaping Town, Baishuijiang Town, and Xikou Yi Town, Hejiayan Town, Lesuhe Town, Guozhen Town, Baishigou Township, Matiwan Township, Xihuaiba Township, Jiuzhongjin Township, Xiantaiba Township, Guanyinsi Township, Yudongzi Township, Heiheba Township, Bai Quesi Township and Shijiayuan Township.

Historical evolution

Before the pre-Qin Dynasty, Dongcheng was the settlement area of ??the Baiyan clan. Since the sixth year of Yuanding in the Western Han Dynasty (111 BC), Ju County was founded. It used to be named Juxian, Xingzhou, Wuxing, Hanqu, and Shunzheng.

The Lueyang County before the Western Jin Dynasty was located in Tianshui, Gansu Province today. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a large number of Di people from Lueyang moved south to Ju County. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the overseas Chinese settled in Ju County and established Lueyang County.

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Lueyang County was established in Longzhi Qin'an. Due to successive years of war, a large number of Di people from that area moved southward, and they still used the original county names. "Shu of the Southern Qi" therefore records: "The overseas Chinese from Wuxing County settled in Lueyang County."

In the third year of Kaixi of the Song Dynasty (1206), the name was changed to Lueyang County. It is named after the south is called Yang.

In 2000, Lueyang County governed 11 towns and 14 townships. According to the fifth census data: the total population of the county is 201,498, including the population of each township (person): Chengguan Town 47483 Jieguanting Town 8790 Hengxianhe Town 7674 Jinjiahe Town 6546 Xujiaping Town 10573 Baishuijiang Town 5932 Lianghekou Town 5172 Qikou Yi Town 3872 Hejiayan Town 5025 Lesuhe Town 9019 Guozhen Town 10899 Baishigou Township 7888 Yaomuyuan Township 5923 Matiwan Township 4103 Xihuaiba Township 4432 Qingnihe Township 4568 Jiuzhongjin Township 5673 Xiantaiba Township 4117 Guanyinsi Township 4294 Yudongzi Township 5699 Heiheba Township 5261 Yangjiaba Township 7048 Baiquesi Township 5232 Zhongbazi Township 3850 Shijiayuan Township 3522 Luegang Virtual Town 8903.

Resource advantages

Lueyang can be called "rich mountain rich in minerals". The county is very rich in underground mineral deposits, with 33 types of gold, silver, nickel, copper, iron, lead, zinc, manganese, pyrite, phosphate rock, talc, etc., and 143 ore bodies and mineral points found. Among them, iron, gold, nickel, serpentine, dolomite and other mineral reserves are relatively large. Gold and nickel occupy an important position in the country, driving the development of county industrial and mining enterprises; plant resources are rich, with 265 families and 1150 Various. Among them, there are 433 kinds of common botanical medicinal materials in 102 families, and 172 kinds are listed for purchase by the state, especially Eucommia ulmoides, Gastrodia elata, Ganoderma lucidum, Ginkgo biloba, Polyporus, Bupleurum, and jujube peel, which are mostly wild and artificially cultivated. It is listed as a national, provincial and municipal production base, especially for the precious Chinese medicinal material ─ Eucommia ulmoides. The county has 480,000 acres of land, making it the largest base county in the country. There are nearly 750,000 acres of useful timber forests and a total reserve of 6.5 million cubic meters of standing forests, providing unique resources for the vigorous development of eucommia, silkworm cocoons, fungus, shiitake mushrooms, gastrodia elata and forest products.

There are 122 industrial and mining enterprises in the county, basically forming an industrial pattern focusing on metallurgy, chemical industry, electric power, gold, food, building materials, agriculture, forestry, and specialty product processing. Among them, there are 9 central, provincial and municipal industrial and mining enterprises, which are one of the steel, fertilizer, electric power industry and gold production bases in Shaanxi Province. There are Lueyang Iron and Steel Plant, Hansteel Yangjiaba Iron Mine, Lueyang Power Plant, Baojia Phosphorus Chemical Group Lueyang Branch, Lueyang Phosphorus Chemical General Plant, Hejiayan Phosphate Mine, Jianchaling Nickel Gold Mine, Zhangjiashan Gold Mine , Huachanggou Gold Mine and other central, provincial and municipal enterprises as well as joint-stock cooperative enterprises. The main industrial products include pig iron, steel, phosphate fertilizer, gold, ordinary cement, low-heat micro-expansion cement, cast iron pipes, cast stone rollers, asbestos tiles, pyrite, sulfuric acid, clothing, Eucommia gum, Eucommia oil, food, etc.

In 2001, the county's GDP reached 828.81 million yuan. Local fiscal revenue was 43.9 million yuan.

3.5 kilometers south of the county, there is Lingyan Temple, known as the "Small Forest of Steles". The temple was built against a natural cave, which faces the Jialing River. The cultural landscape integrates the natural landscape into one. The temple's towers are scattered and colorful, with red-framed cornices. There are more than 130 steles, tablets and cliff stone carvings, including 25 from before the Song Dynasty. The famous "Ode to Fuzang Pavilion" of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the earliest discovered traffic rules "Ritual Order" in my country so far, as well as the newly developed Wulongdong National Park. Forest Park, Wangfugou Karst Cave, Zhangyangou Scenic Tourist Area and other cultural and natural landscapes.

History and Culture

Lueyang County is located in the upper reaches of the Jialing River, on the southern slope of the western section of the Qinling Mountains. Because it is the strategic hub of Qin and Shu and the link between Shaanxi and Gansu, it has been regarded as a battleground for military strategists and a hub of business travel for thousands of years. It is known as the "throat" and "key".

Lueyang has many ancient names. With the construction history of the past dynasties, it has been called "Juxian", "Wuxing", "Shunzheng", "Xingzhou", "Mianzhou", etc. wait. As for the origin of the name Lueyang, there are many theories. To sum up, they can be divided into three categories: one is the theory of light. According to the Ming Dynasty's "Tourist Records": "It's past noon, and the sun is no longer visible, and the mountains are covered with high clouds. This is where Lueyang gets its name." The second is to be narrow-minded. According to the records of Lueyang County in Jiajing: "This place is a place for martial arts, and it is called Lueyang. The south of Xiangshan Mountain is called Yang, so it is named Lueyang." The third is the theory of Qiao Zhi. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Lueyang County was established in Longzhi Qin'an. Due to successive years of war, a large number of Di people from that area moved south here, and they still used the original county names. "Book of Southern Qi" therefore records: "The overseas Chinese from Wuxing County established Lueyang County."

It has been more than 2,100 years since Lueyang was designated as an administrative region during the Yuanding period of the Western Han Dynasty. The history of Chinese ancestors living and multiplying here can be traced back to the Neolithic Age. According to relevant historical data, before the pre-Qin Dynasty, this was the settlement of two northern nomadic tribes, the Di and Qiang. They made a living by hunting, reclaiming wasteland, herding, sowing grain and roasting meat. They continued to survive and gradually became strong and developed. In the first year of Yuanding in the Western Han Dynasty (111 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pacified the southwestern frontier, established prefectures and counties from Yizhou to Wudu, and moved a large number of Di people inland to Chang'an, delimiting Lueyang to Ju under the jurisdiction of Wudu County. The county is the eastern border of the Baima Di tribe. During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei, the first leader of the Shu Han Dynasty, set up Wuxing Capital in Lueyang to guard this strategic fortress that could be attacked and defended. The city was very strong and surrounded by five steps. Only one gate was opened in the northwest, and there was a warehouse outside. Surrounded by three sides. In the sixth year of Yongjia in Jin Dynasty (AD 312), Yang Mao, the ruler of the Di tribe, seized Wuxing and destroyed Ju County. During the Southern Dynasties, it was renamed "Wuxing Domain Kingdom". The Northern Wei Dynasty was also renamed "Wuxing County of Dongyi Prefecture", and "Wuxing County", "Changju County" and "Mingshui County" were added under it. Their former locations were respectively in Heiheba Township, Xihuaiba Township and Xujiaping Town in present-day Lueyang. Mingshui Dam Village and other places. During the Western Wei Dynasty, Dongyi Prefecture was renamed "Xingzhou" and Wuxing County was renamed "Shunzheng County". The Sui Dynasty abolished the name "Xingzhou" and only retained Shunzheng County. In the early Tang Dynasty, Shunzheng County was renamed "Xingzhou" and Shunzheng County was merged. In the second year of Tang Zhenguan (AD 628), Changju County was moved to Changfeng Village, Baishuijiang Town, 65 kilometers north of the present city. In the first year of Changqing of the Tang Dynasty (812 AD), Mingshui County was abandoned and merged into Shunzheng County. In the 14th year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1144 AD), Lizhou Road was divided into east and west roads. The east road governed Xingyuan (today's Hanzhong), and the west road governed Xingzhou (today's Lueyang). In the third year of Kaixi of the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 1207), Wu Xi took possession of Xingzhou and paid gold, was named "King of Shu", and changed Xingzhou into "Xingde Mansion". After the rebellion, the imperial court immediately changed Xingzhou to "Mianzhou". In the early Yuan Dynasty, Mianzhou belonged to the "Guangyuan Road", and later it was moved to Duoshui County (today's Mian County). Changju County was also abolished and merged into Lueyang, which was under the jurisdiction of Mianzhou. The county was under the jurisdiction of "Xingyuan Road" (today's Hanzhong). In the 22nd year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1486), Lueyang was transferred to the newly established "Ningqiang Prefecture", which in turn belonged to Hanzhong Prefecture. In the 38th year of Jiajing reign in the Ming Dynasty (1559 AD), Lueyang County was separated from Ningqiang Prefecture and placed directly under the jurisdiction of Hanzhong Prefecture. This construction model lasted throughout the Qing Dynasty and remained unchanged.

There are two existing cities in Lueyang City. Today, the commercial district is surrounded by Bangshan Mountain on one side and water on three sides, commonly known as the "Old City". Half of the city can still be seen at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain across the Badu River. The walled residential area is commonly known as the "New City". However, the actual situation is that "new cities are not new and old cities are not old." According to the "Yuanhe County Chronicles", as early as the Shu-Han period of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang went out to conquer Wei and built Wuxing City in Wenjiaping (now the area of ??Lueyang New City). This was the first move to build the city of Lueyang.

In the following more than a thousand years, all states, prefectures, and counties of all dynasties were established here. Until the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, frequent wars led to the destruction of the city and the disappearance of the prosperity. In the sixth year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1511), Lan Zhang, the governor of Shaanxi, sent people to Lueyang to rebuild the city, and the new site was chosen to be where the "old city" is now. It took three years to complete, and there were five gates in the city. The east gate tower of the city still stands on the west bank of the Badu River. It can be seen that the so-called old city is actually only more than 400 years old, while the new city has existed for more than 1,700 years. Looking at the origin of the mismatch between the terms "new city" and "old city", it must be related to a city relocation during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. It turns out that since the old city was built, it has been frequently hit by floods because it is surrounded by water on three sides, making it miserable. According to incomplete statistics from local chronicles, during the more than 230 years from the beginning of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty to the 16th year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, the old city of Lueyang was repaired or rebuilt on a large scale eight times due to severe floods. In July of the seventh year of Daoguang's reign in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1827), heavy rains continued for more than 20 days. The Jialing River, Yudai River, and Badu River flooded into the city, causing all the city walls and cottages to collapse, causing heavy losses. Lin Zexu, the governor of Shaanxi Province, went to Lueyang for investigation and decided to relocate the county seat to the Wenjiaping area at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain to avoid the trouble of floods. Two years later, the city was completed. The city was seven miles long and had three gates. It cost more than 47,000 taels of silver. Because it was newly built, it was called the "New City"; the original county seat across the river naturally became the "Old City".

Ethnic Distribution

Lueyang County was the territory of Baima Didong in the pre-Qin period. From the Han Dynasty to the end of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Di people established political power here many times and resisted Han rule, but failed repeatedly. The Han rulers forcibly moved the Di people to Jiuquan, Fufeng, Tianshui, and Guanzhong areas several times. The Di people who had not been relocated were forced to speak Chinese, learn farming, obey Han customs and habits, intermarry with Han people, and were gradually assimilated by the Han people. Coupled with the large-scale immigration of the Han nationality, the Baima Di people have disappeared since the late Tang Dynasty. The Qiang people are also influenced by the living customs of the Han people and integrate with the Han people. According to the "Reconstruction of Lueyang County Chronicles" written by Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, the local people "have both northern and southern dialects, similar to Qin and Shu", and have accumulated customs and folk customs that have the local characteristics of Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan.

The origin of the Han people in the county has not been verified. The majority of the people are local indigenous people, but there are also people who migrated through the ages and were forced to immigrate during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to the third national census in 1982, there were 190,192 Han people in the county, accounting for 99.16% of the county's population. The majority of ethnic minorities in the territory are Hui people. According to the third national census, the Hui people are mainly distributed in Chengguan Town, Hejiayan, and Baishuijiang, with a total population of 1,470. There are also 8 Mongolians, 1 Tibetan, 5 Miao, 4 Yi, 26 Zhuang, 2 Buyi, 63 Manchu, 9 Dong, 2 Daur, 1 Maonan, and 7 Xibe people. Some of these ethnic minorities moved in for work, and some settled in advance. Most of their festivals and costumes are similar to those of the Han people, but only their customs, habits, religious beliefs, etc. retain the characteristics of their respective ethnic groups.

Folk Art

① Sheepskin drum (dance): There is a kind of dance spread in Baique Temple, Heyeba, Hengxian River, Horseshoe Bay, Baishui River and other places in Lueyang County. Folk dance sheepskin drum with the cultural color of Diqiang people.

Sheepskin drum is inseparable from sheepskin drum. It is an accompaniment instrument in dance performances and a specific prop, forming the unique style and rhythm of sheepskin drum. The sheepskin drum is made of sheepskin covered with a cattail fan-shaped or peach-shaped iron ring, and many small iron rings (mostly eight or twelve) are tied to the handles of the iron ring to make a single-sided drum that can be danced. It uses a rattan whip to hit the drum surface and shakes the iron ring to make a "peng, crack" sound, which constitutes the dance rhythm and rich and varied drum sound. Typically, it is performed by two men. The performer holds the drum in his left hand and the rattan whip in his right hand, beating and dancing, beating and dancing at the same time. In the "Peng Peng" sound of the cane whip hitting the drum and the "chacha" sound of the iron hoops colliding, the performer is accompanied by high-pitched tunes. The singing and rough and exciting dance form a unique and unique charm. Before the performance, the dancers play the drums on the spot, which plays a role in brewing emotions, setting off the atmosphere and attracting the audience. During the performance, the drums are also responsible for the prelude and accompaniment of the dance singing, and at the same time provide a distinctive rhythm for the dance.

The drumbeats of fixed hitting methods include soft three-waist, hard three-waist, pheasant pounce, stealing ideas, cow scratching, etc. The basic movements include drumming, kneading mawozi, single-leg jump, phoenix three-nod, thread crawler, star god, hook-leg jump, etc.

Singing music has two characteristics: first, it adopts the traditional Chinese pentatonic mode, which is mostly fine-tuned with "5" as the main tone; second, the progression of the melody is mostly downward, with the highest note of the whole song appearing at the beginning, and then Descending sharply. Some tunes are wavy, but the general direction is still downward, giving people a sense of ups and downs.

Sheepskin drum dance is a form of performance performed by "Duan Gong" (a kind of witch) in the Qinba Mountains in the old days when "opening the altar" in folk sacrificial activities. Commonly played tunes include "Li Wumen", "Jia Zi", "Jia Zi", "Welcoming the Spring God", "Dance Altar", "Monkeys Against the Heaven", "Four Dots of Red", "Twelve Flowers", " Jiudaogou" etc.

② Social fire: Social fire mainly includes stilts, colorful lotus boats, lion dances, dragon lanterns, etc. During festivals, people use this as an entertainment activity. During the Republic of China, most of them were spontaneous among the people. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, most of them were organized activities of the masses promoted and supported by the government.

Stilts: Dancers stand on wooden legs two to three feet high or higher. They are composed of multiple people, dress up as various characters, hold props, and perform various performances to the rhythm of gongs and drums. Actions, walking in circles, dragon wagging its tail, flower arrangement cross or jumping and twisting, roaming the streets.

Colorful lotus boat: also called land boat. Bamboo poles or wooden sticks are used to tie up a small light land boat, surrounded by colorful cloth and embedded with paper and silk lotus flowers. The dancers pretend to be pretty girls sitting in it, holding the edge of the boat, running or stopping amidst the sound of gongs and drums, wandering uncertainly, as if swimming on the blue waves. There is a boatman in front of him paddling slowly, mostly dressed as an old man, and some Add arias.

Lion dance: also called lion show. The lion's head is mostly made of wood and bamboo as the frame, and is wrapped in silk cloth. The lion's body and tail are made of goose linen. The big one is played by two people, one person dances the lion head and the other person dances the lion tail; the small one is played by one person. During the performance, a young man holds the hydrangea in his hand and makes various movements, throwing or shaking the hydrangea. The lion moves its head and tail, jumps and leaps along with the hydrangea in the sound of gongs and drums. There are also lions jumping over tables and rolling big hydrangeas.

In addition, there are bamboo horse racing, dragon lanterns, shell playing, etc.

③Embroidery: Embroidery is mostly used for weddings and funerals, dressing up children and general daily necessities. Such as decoration on clothes, hats, shoes, socks, aprons, belts, quilts, mattresses, sheets, bedsides, curtains, pillows, purses, cigarette packs, etc. There are various techniques, such as embroidery, arranging flowers, cross-stitching, holding flowers, floating flowers, locking flowers, hook flowers, etc. The patterns are mostly flowers and animals, as well as ancient and modern figures, and historical stories, which express good wishes such as good luck, good weather, and a good harvest. Among them, the phoenix and tiger patterns are similar to the tile patterns of the Han Dynasty. The colors are commonly used in red, peach red, grass green, stone green, navy blue, navy blue, stone yellow, gold and silver, etc. The application of colors is very particular. Red, emerald green, peach red, grass green, etc. are mostly used on the black base. It looks dark and bright but not frivolous. It is black and shiny. With the embellishment of gold and silver threads, it gives people a sense of grandeur. . On the white background, there are many colors such as peach, pink, grass green, stone green, azurite, etc. The effect is bright and elegant. Navy blue, navy blue and stone yellow often play the role of embellishment and blending. The whole color is simple but not monotonous, bright, gorgeous and soft and pleasing to the eye. There are also embroideries using various colored cloths such as turmeric, light yellow, azurite, and lime yellow as the base. This kind of embroidery looks simple and chic. Generally speaking, it is not as bright and eye-catching as the embroidery in Guanzhong, nor as delicate and elegant as the embroidery in Sichuan. Instead, it shows the rough and unrestrained nature of Lueyang people, with bright colors, elegant connotation and never vulgarity.

Many of the embroidery works have Di Qiang style, such as "Butterflies at Four Corners", "Flower in the Middle" (commonly known as four dishes and one soup), "Four Girls Playing Cards", "Wedding Picture", " Touring Picture" and "Jiang Taigong Fishing". Judging from the men's and women's large-breasted clothes and children's hats collected in Shiwengzi and Qingnihe, the thorns and rust have obvious Diqiang style.

On July 29, 2020, the National Patriotic Health Campaign Committee reaffirmed Lueyang County as a national health town (county) in 2020.

In June 2020, Lueyang County was included in the second batch of counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics (Long March Area (Red Second Front Army)).

In August 2019, the list of comprehensive demonstration counties for e-commerce in rural areas in 2019 was released, and Lueyang County was included.

In March 2019, Lueyang County was included in the first batch of counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics (Sichuan-Shaanxi area).

In March 2019, the Ministry of Water Resources announced the first list of counties (districts) that have met the standards for water-saving society construction, and Lueyang County was on the list.

On August 16, 2018, Lueyang County won the honor of the fourth batch of advanced units in the national rule of law county and city creation activities.

On February 16, 2016, Lueyang County was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in the country in 2015.