Born on January 27th, 1756 at No.9 Grain Street in Salzburg, Austria, he died in Vienna on December 5th, 1791 at the age of 35.
Austrian composer, one of the representatives of classical music school in Vienna, Europe, as a model of classical music, played a great role in the development of European music. Mozart wrote 22 operas, 41 symphonies, 42 concertos, a requiem, sonatas, chamber music, religious music and songs.
Mozart is the founder of piano concertos, with 29 piano concertos plus K.17 He has also made outstanding contributions to the development of European instrumental concertos.
Opera is the mainstream of Mozart's creation. Like Gluck, Wagner and Verdi, Mozart is one of the four giants in the history of European opera. Together with Haydn and Beethoven, he wrote a glorious page for the European symphony. In addition, his Requiem has also become a valuable masterpiece in religious music. As a European composer at the end of the 18th century, Mozart's music profoundly reflected the spirit of this era, especially the thoughts of the civil class embodied in opera works, which was undoubtedly of progressive significance at that time. Mozart endowed music with beautiful singing joy, however, it was deeply combined with sadness, which reflected the fate of intellectuals in Mozart's era. Moreover, Mozart was the only musician in Europe at that time who did not accept the support of nobles.
[ Edit this paragraph] Brief introduction of artistic career
Wolfgang? Amadeus? Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria on January 27, 1756. He was born in a snowstorm. He showed great musical talent at the age of 3, studied piano with his father at the age of 4, and began to compose music at the age of 5. It is said that he could compose music before he could write, and his father recorded the short music he composed. Mozart's father, court musician Leopold Mozart, Leo Polder? Mozart is a violinist, organist, composer and music educator. His violin playing course is famous not only in Austria and Germany, but also in other European countries.
Mozart showed extraordinary musical genius from the age of three. He often went to the piano, pressed the keys and listened carefully, and tried to play the music he had heard. Once, Mozart's father came home with his friends. Mozart, who was four years old, was sitting at the table. His father asked him what he was doing. He said that he was writing a piano concerto instead. When his father brought the staff paper to him, he was so excited that he shed tears. He said to his friends, "Look, what is written here is so correct and meaningful!"
Mozart's portrait in 1762
By Joseph Lange (1762 ~ 1773) In 1762, Mozart, at the age of six, led by his father, made an experimental tour to Munich, Vienna and Pressburg, which was successful.
from June p>1763 to March 1773, they successively went to Germany, Belgium, France, Britain, the Netherlands, Italy and other countries for a 1-year tour performance, all of which were successful. These traveling performances have had a positive impact on Mozart's artistic development. He had the opportunity to get in touch with the most advanced music art in Europe-Italian opera, French opera and German instrumental music. He also got to know the composers J.C. Bach, G.B. Martini, G.B. Samartini, etc., and learned composition techniques from them, which enabled him to become a composer with the most extensive creative style in his time.
Mozart & During the period when Nannerl, his elder sister, played the violin with four hands at home, Mozart published six sonatas of Harper Secord and the violin (or flute) in London, and wrote three symphonies and operas, False Goodwill (1768), Bastian and Bastina (1768), King Mitridat of Bendu (177) and Luzio Sila (177). Some works reflect his influence by J.C. Bach. The works of this period have shown the universality of Mozart's creative genre and his interest in opera creation.
In the mature period (1774 ~ 1781), Mozart returned to Salzburg at the end of 1773. Under the guidance of his father, he made up for the interrupted study of music and culture. At the same time, he created a large number of works by using the knowledge and materials gained during his travels. Including the operas The Fake Gardener (1775) and The Shepherd King (1775). Mozart's signature on the Vienna musician "Avenue of Stars"
Mozart, now an adult, was dissatisfied with his humble slave status. In order to strive for personal and creative freedom, after fierce struggle, he finally got the consent of the archbishop in September 1777, and then traveled with his mother for two years. In order to find another job and leave Salzburg forever, he taught and performed in Munich and Mannheim, which further deepened his understanding and experience of the unequal system. When he was in Mannheim, he got the help and sympathy of some citizen musicians, and got in touch with the important Mannheim music school in Europe at that time, and heard the performance of the first-class orchestra. In May 1778, he returned to Paris. Due to the death of his mother and his failure to find a job, he had to return to Salzburg in January 1779.
During this period, Mozart composed two flute concertos, one oboe concerto, seven piano and violin sonatas and three piano sonatas in Mannheim, which reflected the influence of Mannheim school. In Paris, he also wrote the Paris symphony, symphonic concerto, orchestral overture, concerto for flute and harp, flute and string quartet, four piano variations and four piano sonatas. When I passed through Mannheim for the second time, I wrote three symphonies of religious music, symphonic concertos for violin and viola, serenades, divertimento, concertos for two pianos and concertos for three organs. In 178, he completed the creation of the opera Idomeno.
Mozart's works in this period reflected the influence of the ideological trend of the raging movement at that time in content, and new elements appeared in form, such as the presentation part of the first movement of sonata form, and the second (or more) theme appeared in the reproduction part, which often changed the order of theme appearance, and sometimes treated the theme materials differently from the presentation part, and had a strong strength between the first and second movements. These techniques have enhanced the drama of his music works and further formed the classical sonata form.
Mozart's wife ConstanzeMozart184, the leftmost Viennese (1781 ~ 1791) Mozart couldn't stand the insult of the archbishop any longer, so he resolutely resigned from the archbishop and went to Vienna to make a living. He is the first composer in Austrian history who has the courage and determination to get rid of the court and church and safeguard personal dignity. However, although he was a freelance composer in name, he was still unable to resist the oppression of feudal society. The hardships of life had a profound impact on his thoughts and creation, and his 1 years in Vienna became the most important 1 years in his creation. In 1781, after he broke with the archbishop, he wrote the famous opera "Harem Temptation". The play premiered in July 1782 and was a great success. In 1782, without his father's consent, he married Constance Weber, the daughter of a Wife Constanze Mozart _ by _ Hanson _ 182 Mannheim musician. Mozart forged a deep friendship with J Haydn who was in Vienna at that time. He learned from Haydn the experience of composing quartets and symphonies, and wrote six string quartets for Haydn. In 1784, he joined the "* * * aid society" (also known as the Brotherhood, which was founded by Napoleon in Egypt, proclaiming freedom, equality and brotherly love) and was a member of the eighth branch in Vienna. He enthusiastically participated in the activities of this secret religious group with the color of bourgeois enlightenment, and was strongly impressed by its ideas of freedom, equality and fraternity, and wrote many works under the inspiration of this thought. Mozart, two surviving boys, never married
In p>1785, the once closed Vienna National Theatre was restored, and Mozart had the opportunity to engage in opera creation. He wrote a farce, The Theater Manager (performed in 1786). In 1786, The Wedding of Figaro was completed and staged, which had a great influence and even became a household name in Prague. In 1787, Don Juan was completed and performed. In Vienna, Mozart discovered the works of J.S. Bach. He deeply studied and studied Bach's polyphonic techniques. This played an important role in his later creation.
In April, 1789, Mozart, who was in poverty, led by his student, Duke Carl Leipzig, performed in Berlin, Dresden and Leipzig. Although it was a sensation, it failed to extricate him from his economic difficulties. In January 179, his opera "Woman's Heart" was staged. In February, when the emperor died, Mozart asked Leopold II, the successor of the emperor, to take over the position of L. Hoffman, the court musician, and was granted, but it was not realized. In 1791, he wrote the opera Tito's Kindness, which was unsuccessful. In September of the same year, he wrote the last opera "Magic Flute" and wrote a large-scale religious music work "Requiem" when he was seriously ill. He died before he could finish it all. Only 35 years old, he was buried in an unknown place in Vienna's poor cemetery after his death. It's really' come in the snow, go in the snow.'
[ Edit this paragraph] Biography
In July p>1765, a newspaper in London, England, published a preview of the concert: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was a prodigy who could make all Europe and even all mankind proud. The 8-year-old boy amazed musicians and people of insight. His harpsichord performance, sight-reading ability and improvisation and composition with various musical instruments are amazing. The father of this gifted child, according to the earnest request of gentlemen and ladies, decided to extend the detention time. To this end, you have the opportunity to appreciate the performance of this young composer and his sister ... Mozart &; Sister Nannerl in 1764, Paris
On January 27th, 1756, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria, into a family of court musicians. His father, Leopold Polder Mozart, was originally from Germany. He had seven children, but five of them died prematurely. Only the youngest son Wolfgang and his sister Anna survived and grew up tenaciously.
Leo Polder is a well-respected violinist and composer. Mozart's extraordinary musical talent has attracted his delight and attention for a long time. Once, when he returned to his home with a friend, he saw his 4-year-old son writing on staff paper. Father asked him what he was doing. The son replied solemnly, "I am composing music." The child's behavior made the two adults laugh at each other. Facing the crooked notes on the paper, they thought it was just a child's mischief. However, when the careful father carefully looked at his son's work, he suddenly cried to the guest with tears in his eyes: "Dear, come and see! How correct and meaningful it is! " Genius has begun his creative career!
In order to make Mozart grow up quickly, Leo Polder made great efforts to cultivate him carefully. The study and training of my son is extremely strict. Besides the complicated music theory and playing skills, there are Latin, French, Italian, English, literature and history.
Mozart has amazing hearing and musical memory. At the age of seven, he once played on his father's friend schacht Niel's violin, and two days later Mozart practiced on his own violin. When schacht Nell came to the door again, Mozart told him that the violin I am using now is one eighth lower than that played two days ago. Schacht Nier thought he was joking, but Mozart's father knew his son completely. He asked his friend to bring the violin from home. After proofreading, he found that Mozart's judgment was completely correct.
In p>1762, Mozart, who was nearly six years old, mastered the technique of playing the clavichord. At the same time, he began to learn to play the violin. Under the leadership of his father, Mozart, aged 6, and his sister Anna, aged 1, began a tour of the whole European continent. They have been to Munich, Frankfurt, Bonn, Vienna, Paris, London, Milan, Bologna, Florence, Naples, Rome, Amsterdam and many other places, and they have caused great sensation everywhere! In Vienna, Austria, they were invited by the emperor to perform in the palace.
Behind the flowers, applause and cheers are hard work, harsh conditions and terrible tests. For the sake of money and honor, Leo Polder asked little Mozart to perform in public at any time, no matter how tired the journey was. In order to publicize his son's genius, he made his children have to meet and listen to all kinds of difficult proposals that were sudden and whimsical. For example, on-the-spot viewing of music with difficult skills that have never been touched; Improvise the composition according to several bass sounds imagined by the audience temporarily, and immediately play according to the specified tonality. Cover the keyboard with multiple handkerchiefs without affecting the piano. Play your own works from beginning to end at a concert, and so on. Moreover, such performances almost always last for four or five hours.
In p>1772, 16-year-old Mozart finally ended his 1-year roaming life and returned to his hometown of Salzburg, where he became the chief musician in the Archbishop's court band.
Although Mozart is a prodigy and enjoys great honor, in the eyes of the Archbishop, he is just an ordinary slave and a terrible slave. Because he has honor. Mozart, like his predecessor Haydn, had to wait for his master's orders in the lobby every day, and he might be reprimanded and abused by the archbishop at any time, even severely punished. However, Mozart is not Haydn after all, he has stronger self-esteem and independent and bold spirit. In order to get rid of the insult and control of the archbishop, he went out to perform again in 1777, hoping to find a place to stay and leave Salzburg forever.
What is surprising is that this glittering darling, who once caused a sensation all over Europe, has hit a wall everywhere at the moment! A child prodigy has grown up and is no longer a child prodigy. The former child prodigy disappeared, although his talent increased in direct proportion to his age, but the real society gave him the cold shoulder mercilessly. He had to return to Salzburg, and in this way, the archbishop certainly treated him more harshly. Mozart's bitterness and dilemma are not difficult for anyone with common sense of life to imagine.
in June, 1781, Mozart finally broke with the archbishop in the unbearable. He resolutely resigned and left, becoming the first musician in European history to publicly get rid of the shackles of the court. Under the social conditions at that time, this move was undoubtedly extremely bold and heroic. Because it means hardship, hunger and even death.