In 198, Professor Liu Bangrui, an expert in music therapy at Arizona State University, gave a lecture at the Central Conservatory of Music, and introduced music therapy to China for the first time. Since then, music therapy has gradually grown up in the fertile soil of China. Since then, some medical institutions have experimented with music therapy in some psychological and physiological clinical treatments and achieved good results. For example, huilongguan hospital has applied music therapy to clinic since 198s. Shanghai Mental Health Center has also made gratifying achievements in music therapy for mental patients.
In p>1988, China Conservatory of Music established the music therapy major, and since then, China has officially started to train professionals in music therapy. In 1989, the Music Therapy Society was established in China. Since then, many musicologists, psychologists and medical experts have spontaneously participated in the academic research of music therapy. The Society has become a link between domestic music therapists and promoted the development of music therapy. At the end of 199s, a group of musicotherapy experts who studied in the United States returned to China to teach, bringing many foreign advanced musicotherapy methods back to China, gradually shortening the development distance between China and the world. Looking at the current academic circles of music therapy in China, there are two views about the development of music therapy in China.
One view is that music therapeutics originated in the West, and the systematic discipline construction also began in the West. Western music therapy has been developed for more than half a century. They not only summarized a set of technical theories, but also collected a lot of clinical data. It is very serious to treat diseases with music. We should systematically and comprehensively accept western methods for music therapy in China, and we must not "mess around". Most of the people who hold this view are music therapists who have returned from studying abroad.
On the other hand, we can see many examples of music treating diseases and promoting physical and mental health in China's historical documents. The author also expounds these examples in this paper, which shows that China has its own music therapy methods since ancient times. Many music therapists have also made meaningful development on the basis of traditional music therapy methods in China. For example, music nourishing viscera is a music therapy method combining traditional Chinese medicine with qigong; Music color phototherapy is a music therapy method combining five tones, five elements and five colors in traditional Chinese medicine, and so on. They think that the development direction of China's music therapy should be the inheritance and development of China's traditional history and culture and the valuable home-grown music therapy methods in the traditional medical field.
We know that, although there are ancient sayings about music therapy in China and the West, these methods are not systematic methodology, so we can't call them science. They are just the brewing or germination of music therapy in history. Scientific music therapeutics originated from western countries in the middle of the 2th century. These countries not only have systematic methods and techniques, but also have their own research directions about different schools and different breakthrough points of music therapeutics. These scientific and systematic musicotherapy studies have already been applied to the clinical treatment practice in all countries of the world, and have been widely recognized. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to study the advanced and scientific theories and methods of the West in China's music therapy.
However, we must pay attention to: in music therapy, especially music psychotherapy, different cultural backgrounds and different social connotations are the key to the success of the treatment. The main factor that has long been widely recognized by the music therapy academic community, that is, the treatment methods suitable for westerners may not necessarily be applicable to China people. For example, due to the influence of Confucianism and Confucianism on China people for thousands of years, China people are reluctant to reveal the feudal and introverted national character, so some western music therapy theories related to psychoanalysis and music therapy methods and techniques like music hypnosis are not easily accepted by China people.
Therefore, when we study western music therapy theory, we should consider which academic schools of music therapy methods and techniques are more suitable for China people's personality characteristics, cultural background and social connotation, and learn from and develop their theories selectively, instead of accepting everything. In fact, there are many music therapy methods in China's history and traditional culture, which are also very valuable and worth studying. These views come from China and are based on the profound foundation of China traditional culture, which is more suitable for China people's own cultural background and social connotation. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the most China-featured music therapy methods and techniques from the traditional medicine and culture in China, and carry them forward. < P > In addition, the research results of music therapy in some eastern countries are also very worthy of our China music therapy. Because many countries in the East, such as Japan, have developed their music therapy only in the last twenty years, but Japan is a nation deeply influenced by China culture, which has similarities with the national connotation of China people. Some music therapy methods generated in the cultural background of such countries are quite applicable to China people. For example, music therapy related to Morita therapy. The principle of "letting nature take its course" in Morita therapy can be said to be directly derived from the Taoist thought of China and Laozi. < P > Therefore, no matter Chinese or western, every theory, method and technology of music therapy, as long as it is of positive significance to the construction and development of the discipline of music therapy in China, is worthy of attention, and should be studied, used for reference, inherited and developed by the developing China music therapy, so as to be established and be in line with the world. Music therapeutics is a new interdisciplinary subject, which integrates music, medicine and psychology. It is the application and development of the function of music outside the traditional art appreciation and aesthetic field. The wide application of music in the field of medicine and psychotherapy and its exciting clinical therapeutic effect prove an ancient belief of mankind: music has the function of driving away diseases and keeping fit, which is of great significance to human survival itself. We have seen that music plays a very important role in the early activities of human beings and the primitive tribes that still exist today. At this time, the aesthetic significance of music is still very limited, but it has more practical functions for human survival. We can't imagine that people will put a lot of energy into entertainment and aesthetic activities that have nothing to do with their own survival without even getting basic food and clothing and safety needs. Witches in the tribe actually have the responsibility of being in charge of music activities and doctors. In ancient Greek legends, Apollo was also the god in charge of music and medical treatment, which actually reflected the fact that in ancient times, music and medical treatment in people's minds were the same thing. With the highly specialized development of music and the highly developed civilization of human society, people have gradually forgotten and abandoned the original function and function of music. Until modern times, the significance of music to human existence itself has been gradually recognized by people.
From ancient Greece and Rome to the Middle Ages, Renaissance, 17th, 18th, 19th and 2th centuries, we can see a large number of discourses, experiments and reports about music and physical and mental health. Some doctors have conducted a large-scale experiment in clinical treatment practice, using live piano music for 1,4 mental patients for one and a half hours, in order to verify a long-held concept that music can soothe the nerves. Although this experiment did not reach a conclusive result, it played a positive role in making music therapy accepted and concerned by the society, and paved the way for later related research. At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 2th century, scientists began to study the physiological responses of people and animals to different music. However, before the 2th century, the research and exploration of music in the treatment of diseases were still isolated cases, not basic theories and comprehensive research, so I will not introduce them in detail here.
The systematic research on the value of music in medical clinic began after the 2th century. After the 2th century, especially due to the birth of the phonograph, people can record music and play it repeatedly, thus promoting the convenient use of music in clinical treatment. So some hospitals began to use music to help patients sleep, reduce tension and anxiety during surgery, and help anesthesia and pain relief. In the First World War, music activities were used to help those wounded soldiers with limb injuries recover the function of muscles and joints. During the Second World War, in a field hospital in the United States, the medical and living conditions were very bad at that time, so the wounded soldiers were in a very bad mood and shouted abuse every day. The infection rate and mortality rate after operation are very high. A doctor used a phonograph to play hometown songs that soldiers were familiar with. Soon, the wounded soldiers' emotions stabilized. Surprisingly, the infection rate and mortality rate decreased greatly after the operation, and even the healing period after the operation was obviously shortened. This discovery has attracted the attention of the U.S. Department of Defense, and this method has been popularized in various field hospitals and achieved good results. After the war, many hospitals began to hire musicians to participate in the treatment work, and doctors in the United States began to seriously study what role music plays in people's health. In 1944 and 1946, special music therapy courses were established in Michigan State University and Kansas University to train specialized music therapists, so music therapy was born as a new discipline. In 195, the United States established the world's first national music therapy association. In 1958, the Music Therapy Association was established in Britain. From the 196s to the 197s, some European countries, such as Holland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Germany, Australia, France, Switzerland, Belgium, Yugoslavia and Canada, established specialized institutions or therapeutic associations for music therapy. After the 197s, there were Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Uruguay, Japan, New Zealand, Israel, Finland, Italy, Poland, Spain and Canada. At present, nearly 8 universities in the United States have music therapy majors to train bachelor, master and doctoral students. There are about 4, nationally registered music therapists working in psychiatric hospitals, general hospitals, geriatric hospitals, children's hospitals, special education schools and various psychological clinics. Music therapy associations have been established in more than 2 countries in the world, and the World Music Therapy Congress is held every two years.