This is an up-and-down comparison chart of all keyboards and staffs (from bass score table to treble score table) of an 88-key piano (white key 52+ black keys 36) (keyboards * * * are divided into 7 groups). At the top of the legend are the partition marks of the high, middle and low tones.

the grouping of piano keyboard sound level names and sounds

(1) The piano is an instrument with average law, which applies the twelve-average law. That is to say, every octave on the piano is divided into 12 equal semitones, including 7 basic tones (white keys) and variable tones (black keys). See "(5)" (with the occasional exception that the colors of the keys on the piano are just the opposite. )

(2) The seven basic tones, which are familiar to us, namely do,re, mi, fa, sol, la, si (Duo, Li, Mi, Fa, Suo, La, Xi), are expressed in English words as C, D, e,f,g, A and B. (In the German system, b(si) is represented by H). The former representation is called roll-call system, which is the pronunciation of notes when we sing music scores; The latter representation, called the alphabet, is applied to writing.

(3) Any two adjacent sounds with the same name are called octaves.

(4) Any two adjacent notes (keys) on the piano (including black keys and White Keys) are semitones, and these semitones are equal; Any two tones separated by a key are all full-tone (that is, two semitones are added). For example, C to #C (or bD) is semitone (adjacent), E to F is semitone (adjacent), "bB (or #A) to B is semitone (adjacent); D to e are full tones (separated by a black keys), e to #f (or bg) are full tones (separated by a white key), and bA (or #G) to bB (or #A) are full tones (separated by a white key).

(5) raise (up) or lower (down) the basic sound level to obtain a variable sound level. ? "#" means to raise the basic tone level by half a tone, which is called "ascending sign"; "b" means to lower the basic tone level by half a tone, which is called a flat sign; ? "X" means to raise the basic sound level by a whole tone (that is, to raise it by two and a half tones continuously), and then to weigh and raise the sign; "bb" means reducing the basic sound level by a whole tone (that is, reducing it by two and a half tones in a row) and weighing it down. For example, #C or bD is the black keys immediately above C (to the right on the piano) and immediately below D (to the left on the piano); #E is f, bF is e, xD is e and bbE is d.

it can be understood and remembered in a popular way that the basic sound level is a sound without any ascending or descending marks (including x and bb). However, the changing sound level must be marked with rising and falling marks. Note that on the piano, black keys is definitely a variable level, while the white key can be a basic level or a variable level, such as E, #E, xG and bbB, the former is a basic level. The last three are variable levels. Please refer to "Isophony".)

(6) On the piano, the names of the levels are used repeatedly. Therefore, for the notes with the same names but different pitches, we divide the notes into several groups for the convenience of writing.

The group in the center of the phonetic series is called Small Word Group, and its phonetic names are marked with lowercase letters and the number L at the upper right, such as c1, d1, f1, etc. Where c1 is commonly referred to as the center c.

The groups higher than the small group (the group on the right on the piano) are called the small group 2, the small group 3, the small group 4 and the small group 5 in turn, and are marked with lowercase letters and numbers 2, 3, 4 and 5 at the upper right respectively; Groups lower than the small print group (that is, the left group of the small print group on the piano) are called small print groups in turn-marked with lowercase letters, such as C, D, F, etc. Large group-marked with capital letters, such as C, D, F, etc. One group of big characters, two groups of big characters-capital letters and numbers 1 and 2 at the lower right, such as C1, D1 and F1 of big characters, A2 and B2 of big characters, etc. The grouping marking method of changing sound levels is the same as that of basic sound levels, such as #Cl, bB2, etc.

(7) The roll-call of the notation is expressed in c key.

(8) The range refers to the part between the lowest and highest notes that an instrument or human voice can reach (including the highest and lowest notes). The range of the piano listed in the figure is A2-C5.

(9) The range is a part of the range, which is usually divided into bass, midrange and treble. Different musical instruments or vocals have their own specific division methods, which are different according to their respective ranges and characteristics.

(1) At present, a1=44 Hertz (Hz) is commonly used as the standard pitch in the world.

Extended information:

In the piano, the sound zone is usually divided into three parts: low, middle and high. The 88-key upright piano's tone differentiation method commonly used in the family is no exception, usually starting from the 1st key (the leftmost string), the 27th key (the string group) is the bass zone, and the 28th key (the string group) to the 58th key (the string group) is the midrange zone. Keys 59 (string group) to 88 (string group) are high-pitched areas.

On some pianos, one chord group is added in the bass area (i.e. 28 chord groups), while one chord group is reduced in the midrange area (i.e. 29 chord groups), that is, the bass area starts from the first key and ends at the 28th key group, and the midrange area starts from the 29th key group and ends at the 58th key group; The treble zone is divided from the 59th key group to the 88th key group, just like the previous division. In small and medium-sized upright piano, it is often seen that the bass area is arranged into 3 strings, the midrange area is 3 strings, and the treble area is 28 strings. ?

every twelve sounds (keys) in the piano range are divided into one group, such as C1, #C1, D1, #D1, E1, F1, #F1, G1 of a large character group C to a large character group B. Twelve tones (keys) of #G1, A1, #A1 and B1.

when the 88 keys of a standard piano are divided into groups, there are 7 groups.

in the whole range of piano, the vibration frequencies of homonym strings should be multiple. For example, the frequency of a small group a(a1) is 44Hz, the frequency of a small group A is 22Hz, and the frequency of a small group a(a2) is 88Hz, and the frequency of homonym sounds is doubled every other group.

Piano, whose English name is Piano, is short for pianoforte. Its mechanical devices include keyboard, percussion machine, hammer, damper, strings and pedals. The keyboard of modern piano reaches seven octaves, and the highest sound is A; There is also a third degree, and the highest note is C(88 key). The piano was first used as a solo instrument in a performance by J.C. in England in 1768. ?

Modern pianos are mainly divided into upright piano and grand piano because of their different shapes and volumes. The grand piano used in the concert hall is a giant among musical instruments, with a length of 9 feet and the heaviest weight of 79 tons. The most expensive piano so far is a Steinway grand piano produced in 1888, which was auctioned in new york in 198 for 18, pounds. Piano has always been loved by composers because of its unique sound and full range of 88 keys. It plays an important role in almost all forms of music, such as pop, rock, jazz and classical, and is known as the "king of musical instruments". ?

upright piano is cheap and takes up little space, so it has become the purchase target of enthusiasts. Grand piano is used for large-scale performances or professionals. Upright piano adopted a design scheme of staggered strings, which effectively saved the height and thickness. Prior to this, the height of upright piano was 2.4 meters. Now it is only 1-2 meters high. Grand piano is 2.7 meters long.

Application clef: treble part: treble clef, and notation without shifting; Bass part: Bass clef, fixed tone notation.

structure: it consists of six parts: string array, soundboard, bracket, keyboard system (including black-and-white keys and percussion pestle), pedal machinery (including ejector pin and pedal) and shell. ?

material: string array: the high and midrange strings are made of steel wire; Bass strings are made of steel wire and copper wire. Sound board: wooden structure. Wood requires soft texture, elasticity and easy vibration transmission, and white pine or phoenix tree is the best. Bracket: including cast iron bracket and wood bracket.

keyboard system: black and white keys are made of ivory or bakelite; Acoustics are usually made of wood. Pedal machinery: metal structure. Shell: lacquered wood structure.

Musical instrument features: wide range, large volume and rich timbre changes, which can express various musical emotions, whether rigid or soft, urgent or slow; The treble is crisp, the midrange is full and the bass is strong, which can imitate the effect of the whole symphony orchestra.