Everyone knows that classical music is very important in the history of music. It is not just a kind of music, it is an inheritance and symbol of the history of Western music.
Classical music also has different crazes in different periods, and the hottest one is the classical period! Today I will share some knowledge about the classical period~?
The three major schools of classicism: Mannheim School, Berlin School, and Vienna School
Classical instrumental music: chamber music .Sonata.Concerto.String Quartet.String Quartet.Symphony.Sonata Form
Classicist Opera: Serious Opera.Comic Opera
Classicist Musician: Haydn Mozart. Beethoven
Mannheim School:
1. A European music school famous for its symphony that was formed in Mannheim, Germany during the classical period.
2. The founder is: John Stamets.
3. Artistic achievements include:
In terms of creation: the writing method of low continuo in the Baroque period was abolished, the whole score was used for creation, and the main-key music style was established.
Structurally: It established the basic structural layout of the classical symphony and formed a symphonic suite form of four movements: Allegro, Andante, Minuet, and Allegro Finale.
Performing style: Carefully arrange the "crescendo" and "decrescendo" of the band's performance to enhance the band's expressiveness.
In terms of organization: a fairly complete symphony organization has been formed.
Berlin School:
1. A music school formed in Berlin, Germany during the classical period.
2. The representative figure is C.P.E. Bach.
3. Artistic achievements:
Music style: more conservative.
Structurally: symphonies are mostly composed of three movements.
Creation: Emphasis on emotional expression in symphony, which is more emotionally delicate than the music of the Mannheim School.
Achievements: laid the foundation for modern sonatas.
Viennese School of Music:
1. A group of German and Austrian composers active in Vienna during the Classical period.
2. Representative composers: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven 3. Creation: Influenced by the ideological trend of the Enlightenment, the theme is to eulogize the human spirit and natural beauty.
3. The main theme music dominates, and the musical form structure is clear. 5. Achievements: established, developed and perfected symphonies, concertos, sonatas and other instrumental music genres.
4. Inherited the German and Austrian musical cultural traditions, brought classical music to its peak and had a profound impact on later generations.
Classical instrumental music: chamber music, sonatas, concertos, string quartets, symphonies, sonata form.
Chamber music:
1. Usually refers to small instrumental music played by one or several instruments, mainly ensembles and small instrumental ensembles.
2. One instrument plays one part.
String Quartet:
1. Composed of first violin, second violin, viola and cello.
2. It is the most important form of chamber music in the classical period.
3. Use sonata-style suite structure to write.
4. Richter first used this form of performance, Haydn established this form, and Beethoven developed it to its peak.
Symphony:
1. A sonata played by a symphony orchestra.
2. It consists of four movements. The first movement is sonata-style Allegro, the second movement is Adagio, the third movement is Minuet or Scherzo, and the fourth movement is Allegro or Presto. Finale.
Sonata form:
1. Large instrumental music structure.
2. It is composed of three parts: presentation, development and reproduction.
3. The presentation part includes the main part and the secondary part which are in sharp contrast in tone and character, and is the core theme of the whole song.
4. The development part develops the themes that have appeared in the presentation part, and the tonality changes frequently, creating tension in the play.
5. The recapitulation reproduces the theme of the presentation, and all themes are unified on the main key, forming a complete solution to the music.
Sonata:
1. A multi-movement instrumental suite played by one or two solo instruments.
2. The most common solo instruments are keyboard instruments and violins, and the piano solo sonata is a typical form of the classical period.
3. The formal structure is: sonata-style allegro, slow movement, and allegro finale.
4. Haydn and Mozart established the movement sonata form of Allegro, Andante, and Allegro.
5. Beethoven composed 32 piano sonatas for this genre.
Important contributions
Concertos:
1. A large-scale instrumental suite played by a solo instrument and an orchestra.
2. The solo instruments are mostly piano and violin.
3. The solo concertos of the Baroque period had the greatest influence on the classical concertos.
Classical opera: serious opera and comic opera.
Serious opera:
1. A serious and solemn opera.
2. Produced in Italy, popular in the Baroque period and the middle period of classicism.
3. Performed in noble mansions or public concert halls.
4. Representative composers include A. Scarlatti, Handel and Mozart.
Comic opera:
1. A witty and humorous opera
2. It was originally a mujian opera interspersed between the two acts of the main song.
3. "The Maid as Madame" written by Italian composer Peglessi is the first Italian comedy song.
4. Representative works include Mozart's "Don Giovanni", "Così fan tutte" and "The Marriage of Figaro".
Classical musicians: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven.
Haydn's representative works
Symphony: "Symphony of Surprise", "Army Symphony"
String Quartet: "Skylark Quartet", "Emperor Quartet"< /p>
Piano Sonata: "Sonata in D Major", "Sonata in A Major"
Oratorio: "Genesis", "Four Seasons".
Mozart's representative works
German operas: "The Seraglio" and "The Magic Flute".
Italian comic operas: "The Marriage of Figaro", "Don Juan", "Così".
Italian opera: "Idomeneo".
Symphony: "Symphony in K.551C major", "Symphony in K.550g minor"
Concertos: "Piano Concerto in D minor" "Violin Concerto in G major" 》.
Chamber music: "String Serenade in G Major".
Beethoven’s masterpiece
Symphony: Three Heroes, Five Destinies, Six Pastorals, and Nine Choruses.
Piano Sonatas: Eight Pathetiques, Fourteenth Moonlight, Seventeenth Tempest, Twenty-one Dawns, Twenty-Three Passions,
Piano Concerto: "The Fifth Emperor's Concerto".
Opera: "Fidelio".