I. Description of basic status quo:

We have made full preparations for the investigation. First, I visited the relevant education bureaus, civil affairs bureaus, working committees, youth league committees, women's federations and other departments in southeast Gansu in groups, and had a discussion with the leaders and relevant staff of these departments to understand the current situation of left-behind children in this area and the work done by these departments in the education of left-behind children. Through these departments, we have mastered the basic data of left-behind children in this area. For example, Qingyang, located in the easternmost part of Gansu, belongs to the gully region of the Loess Plateau, with a population of 2.53 million, underdeveloped transportation and relatively backward economy. According to the survey, there are 49,923 left-behind children in the city, including preschool children 1 1820, primary school students 26,647 and junior high school students165,438. There are 29,870 people whose fathers are not at home and 96 1 1 people whose mothers are not at home. Among them, there are 28,894 parents, 28,894 grandparents, 780 brothers and sisters and 346 children taking care of themselves. The increasing number of left-behind children has become a "bottleneck" for the future development of rural areas.

As for Tianshui area, there are 97,456 left-behind children in five counties and two districts, mostly in Gangu and Qin 'an counties. Even Qinzhou District, the city center of Tianshui City, has relatively good geographical and economic conditions, but there are 123 104 students in ten towns and six townships under its jurisdiction, including 82,077 rural students. More importantly, more than half of the left-behind children can't live with their parents, and they are at the age of education. This series of data is worrying.

Longnan area, located in the south of Gansu Province, governs Wudu, Wenxian, Dangchang, Kangxian, Chengxian, Huixian, Liangdang, Lixian, Xihe and 9 counties. It is a scenic and relatively backward area in southeastern Gansu. From the perspective of education, the total number of primary school students and school children is 32.96, of which about 34,834 are left behind, accounting for 10.57% of the total number of children. Among the left-behind children, 6360 are preschool children, accounting for18% of the total number of left-behind children; 28,024 pupils, accounting for 9% of the total number of pupils; Among them, there are nearly 10 schools and only 6 grades 1-3 teachers in towns and villages such as Shaba and Paosha in Chengxian County. (This surprised the people in the investigation team) And the education and living conditions of left-behind children are not paid much attention.

Second, ask specific questions:

1. The study and living conditions of left-behind children are not optimistic.

In the process of investigation, a considerable number of left-behind children are unwilling to regard themselves as the "focus", which is very different from other students. In "Are you willing to pay attention to your left-behind child?" In this question, 6 1% students chose "no". On the whole, their life, study and attitude towards themselves and others showed great group differences with other students. Through the questionnaire survey of 1 100 left-behind children in five districts and two counties of Tianshui city, we get the following results:

Among them, 1 1000 students came from 32 townships, 52 villages, 227 1 household and 52 schools. The questionnaire on family education of left-behind children in rural primary schools in Tianshui City was distributed in total 1 1000 copies, from the education of students' parents after going out. Nearly half of the students and 262 parents were generally taken care of by their grandparents, accounting for 80.08% of the total number of respondents, and 150 people were entrusted to take care of them, accounting for 19.92%. Among them, 92% of students' families did not subscribe to a newspaper, and 139 students were tutored by their grandparents after school, accounting for 18%. There are 433 people without tutors, accounting for 55%. After school and holidays, students' main tasks are to do their homework and take part in farm work. 23 people attended various remedial classes, accounting for only 2%. Most students' extracurricular activities are watching TV and playing poker, while some students are playing in the fields. Fortunately, there was no abnormality among the students surveyed.

While investigating the education of left-behind children in Huachi County, Qingyang District, we found that the situation is better than Tianshui, and the county women's Federation is also very concerned about the basic life and ideological situation of left-behind children. From the survey of 1000 students, "Are you willing to pay attention to your left-behind child?" 30% of the students chose "no" to this question. In other year-on-year figures, 3 1.7% left-behind children live with their mothers, 43.7% children live with grandparents, 18.8% children live with relatives and peers, 0.56% children live alone, and 5.07% children live with others. Most adults will make arrangements for their children's lives when they go out to work, but many people ignore the importance of family education. We conducted a sample survey in Rouyuan, Shanzhuang, Linzhen, Nanliang, Zifang, Shang Liyuan, Huai 'an, Cheng Hao and other towns. The subjects of the survey were rural preschool children whose parents went out to work and students (primary school students and junior high school students) in compulsory education. The survey * * * involved 9 193 people (including preschool children 1798, primary school students/5708 and junior high school students 1687). The survey found that parents' going out to work has some negative effects on the education of left-behind children. Mainly manifested in the lack of good early education for left-behind preschool children, most of them grew up under the supervision of grandparents or others, and they were not directly guided by their parents' better family education and behavior; The academic performance of left-behind students is obviously not as good as other students; Left-behind children's self-control ability is poor, they can't resist the bad temptation of society, and they are tired of learning, playing truant or even dropping out of school from time to time.

However, in the questionnaire analysis in Longnan area, 30.5% people think that reading is for "making more money" and 3.2% people think it is useless; "Don't like" and "hate" learning accounted for 20%; 33.3% thought the academic performance was "moderate" and 19.7% thought it was "poor"; (This figure is better than 33% in Dayang Township, Sol Zhang, Tianshui area. Generally speaking, the situation in Hongchuan Town and Qizhi Town is better. ) 5 1.7% think that parents' going out to work has a "great" and "great" influence on their studies; 7.6% people use "plagiarism or incompleteness" when they encounter difficulties in learning; In class, 36.6% people think they are "not active" and "never talk". For classroom homework, "watching others' homework" accounts for 13. 1%, and "not completing" accounts for 4.0%; For homework, "procrastination", "plagiarism" and "unfinished" account for 31.6%; For extra-curricular books and newspapers, only 22.4% read them frequently; 17% dropped out of school and "missed", 1 1.6% occasionally missed. 46% of left-behind children have good behavior habits, 40.5% are average, and 13.3% is poor. Because parents have been working outside for a long time, left-behind children lack family education and develop bad behavior habits. If you often lie and don't obey discipline, you will often be late, leave early and fight; Lazy at home, unwilling to do what you can. A small number of left-behind children in cities are addicted to martial arts novels or online games, imitating adults to smoke and drink, some form gangs, are wooed and used by unhealthy teenagers in society, and even participate in petty theft and campus violence, which seriously affects their healthy growth and personal safety.

2. Family identity, fatherly love and maternal love of left-behind children;

This is an emotional and psychological problem. Affection is innate, it is not only a physical continuation, material giving, but also a spiritual induction and an intimate communication. In almost all counties, the analysis materials show that children are confused about their family, especially the lack of maternal love. The child is growing and developing, and his feelings are extremely delicate. At this age, they are very dependent on their loved ones and are particularly eager to be taken care of by their families. The survey found that 29.7% people answered "every day" and 46.3% people answered "within a week" about the question "You want your parents to contact you once". About parents going out to work, 24.6% people miss their children every day, 54.5% people often miss their children, 89.4% people want to be with their parents, 67.7% people feel lonely when they go out to work, 8.6% people feel discriminated against and abandoned, and 45.7% people expect their parents to come back or come back as soon as possible. In the eyes of guardians, 66.0% people think that children are "close" and "very close" to their parents.

Like many members of the related research group, we also designed the test question "Do you want your parents to go out to work? Please tell me why ",many students answered almost the same answer:

"I don't want to. Because my parents are gone, my family will talk about me, and I often can't think about it. "

"No, because children can't live without their parents."

According to the analysis of various questionnaires and teachers' long-term observation, the adverse effects of these "left-behind children" on physical and mental health are mainly as follows: loneliness, inferiority and helplessness, introversion, vague understanding, and unwillingness to communicate with others when they are troubled and confused; The adverse effects on behavior and habits are: violating school rules, being rude to people, being willful and willful; The adverse effects on academic performance are mainly manifested in: inattention in class, unsatisfactory completion of homework, problems in study habits, methods and motivation, and the decline of academic performance of most students. In short, "left-behind children" are more or less negligent, lying, aggressive and destructive. These problems are very prominent in some children. If these problems are not solved and dealt with, it will inevitably lead to the stunting of children, the decline of the quality of school education and even various social problems.

All the questionnaires in the three regions were unified and synthesized. The results are as follows: "When encountering setbacks", "missing parents" accounted for 47.3%, and "being at a loss or wanting to commit suicide" also accounted for 5.7%; When they encounter troubles in their study and life, 25.7% of them are "annoyed", 16. 1% of them tell their classmates. When they are confused, 1 1.5% people never communicate with others. Among them, 26.5% people "rarely" communicate with others. Among the temporary guardians, 48.0% have had heart-to-heart talks and communication with their children, 12.9% have never had heart-to-heart talks and find it difficult to communicate with their children. Mistakes in treating children also accounted for 10.7%.

The above data show that children's psychology is quite fragile. Facing the reality that their parents are not around, when they are busy, worried and confused, their hearts are "boring", and the communication with their classmates is also a shallow catharsis; Children's psychological changes need to be ignored in the eyes of guardians, and some are even rude. In such an environment, how to cultivate children's healthy psychology?

Three. Typical case analysis of specific problems:

1. Most parents of "left-behind children" go out to work or do business, and a few fail to fulfill their responsibilities and obligations to support the elderly and raise their children. The level of guardians of left-behind children varies greatly. Many times, due to poor guardianship, there are security problems and major criminal cases, and even the impact is bad, especially the protection of left-behind girls, which should be paid more attention to. For example, a primary school in Qijiaping, Zhongtan Town, Maiji District, Tianshui City 1 1 The incident of primary school students taking poison was thought-provoking, and the incident of eleven primary school students drinking tetramine (under three steps) was shocking, and two of them died because of ineffective rescue. Of course, the sober audience will clearly see that those fragile lives are not aware of the end of their lives, and they will not think about what kind of pain such behavior will cause their parents ... but the most painful thing is what the surviving students said to reporters. They said they didn't like studying and doing homework, so they didn't tell their parents and agreed to sell tetramine collectively. They also said that it is good to see people die in books and on TV and fly freely like birds ... but it should be noted that eight of the students in 1 1 are left-behind children we have been looking forward to caring about. This is not an accident, but we should think rationally about how to prevent such tragedies from happening less or not.

They leave their children to their grandparents to raise, some don't understand the hardships of the elderly, and only give them meager living expenses all year round, and some don't even ask questions, let alone manage and educate their children. Especially in families where parents are divorced or one parent dies, the problem of left-behind children being left unattended and left unattended is more serious. According to statistics, there are 45 abandoned left-behind children in Qin 'an County, who were raised by their ancestors. Most of them are old, lack of labor and financial resources, and their families are particularly miserable. Among them, three of the 30 left-behind children in a community in Song He belong to urban low-income households, which also caused great suffering and pain to their ancestors.

2. The vast majority of "left-behind children" families are brought up and educated by generations. Most left-behind elderly people are old and weak, but they still have to act as guardians of left-behind children. For example, the average age of guardians of left-behind children in Baliwan Township, Gangu County, Tianshui area is 1376, accounting for 82.67%, and the rest are mostly between 70 and 80 years old. In the countryside, they are old and weak and have to farm for a living. They belong to the vulnerable groups that need to be taken care of, but they have to raise grandchildren, some have one or two grandchildren, some have three or four, and at most five or more.

3. The guardians of rural "left-behind children" have low cultural quality, especially in Gansu, a poor and backward agricultural province, which affects the healthy growth of left-behind children. Although grandparents loved their grandchildren, it was difficult to give them better spiritual nutrition because of their low educational level and lack of new educational concepts and methods. Some people can't stand education because of the generation gap; Some are too busy with farm work to take care of; Some are unable to take care of them because of their low level of education; Others are fostered in relatives and friends' homes without supervision.

Of course, from this survey, it is found that on the whole, left-behind children in rural areas are still self-motivated in their studies, but they have great pressure and negative experiences in their life feelings; Children left behind in rural areas in poverty-stricken areas feel more pressure and pain. Therefore, the help for rural left-behind children should be based on the care for their life and psychology and the relevant national policies, and the rural left-behind children in poverty-stricken areas should receive more attention and help.

Fourth, the future of left-behind children appeals to all sectors of society: let us hold up the "sun" of tomorrow.

Based on the above survey, it is not difficult to see that the learning attitude of "left-behind children" is not good, or even more unstable; Learning motivation is not enough, and there is not enough information to complete compulsory education. For such a huge group as the school, not only their situation is worrying, but also the consolidation and improvement of the whole education and teaching quality is bound to be threatened.

But they are all members of our society and our "sun" of tomorrow. The concern of the whole society for this large number of vulnerable groups will also be a typical embodiment of a harmonious socialist family.

From the guardian's own factors, one is that the guardian's overall guardianship is not good, and the other is that the sense of responsibility is not strong. Some data in the above two parts show that there is a great contradiction between the guardian's own age structure, physical condition and education level and his own subjective will. On the one hand, they think that children's study, life, behavior and psychology should be well managed, but they can't manage it because of their own conditions, and of course they can't manage it. At a deeper level, children's making friends, learning improvement, knowledge expansion and psychological integrity are ignored by most guardians. Therefore, it doesn't make much difference for such guardians to keep one more "animal" at home. In the eyes of guardians other than parents, they think that children's parents are not around and should not be too strict with their children. They should give their children more love, otherwise they will have a distorted psychology and feel that it is not their parents who don't know how to love themselves. Thirdly, the responsibility of guardianship is not clear. Guardians often consider problems from the perspective of physical health, paying more attention to eating and wearing, rather than learning and upbringing; Pay attention to physical health and ignore mental health and all-round development; Pay attention to traffic safety, regardless of performance at school and at home; Pay attention to going home to school on time, but ignore the cultivation of their good behavior habits. The fourth is that the guardian energy can't keep up. Because guardians are mostly elderly people, some even have to take care of a few left-behind children, and because of poor physical condition, they need someone to take care of them. Therefore, the education of left-behind children can only be more than enough. They don't know how to take care of their children psychologically, how to educate them from the aspects of law, safety and health knowledge, and they can't give help and guidance in their studies, which makes the education of left-behind children out of balance.

We once again appeal to all sectors of society to care for left-behind children-the "sun" of tomorrow. And do our part to make our left-behind children grow up healthily in a good environment, and study and solve the problems of left-behind children and left-behind elderly people, not as policies, but as their own call to conscience, and really think about the connotation of building a people-oriented harmonious society.