physiognomy was first recorded in the Book of Rites in the East, and it can be traced back to ancient Greece in the West. Faces are the scenes displayed by human faces, and it is a discipline to judge one's fate by observing one's facial features. Basic introduction Chinese name: physiognomy mbth: Physiognomy attribute: Psychological history Observation object: Western study of human face, history, scientific research, the origin of the East, five elements of facial features, five senses, three stops, zodiac, physiognomy books, physiognomy terms, the history of western study history can be traced back to ancient Greece in the west in the past century, and it is very popular both among the people and the intellectual class. It was only at the end of 19th century that physiognomy was considered as a pseudoscience. Now this field has begun to revive again. Scholars all over the world are reassessing what we see from a person's face, and studying whether they can really give us a glimpse of this person's personality and even predict his fate. Scientific Research In 1966, psychologists from the University of Michigan recruited 84 college students as volunteers for the test. These people have never met before. After sitting in pairs silently for 15 minutes, they were asked to judge each other by their five personality characteristics. The researchers found that they are interested in three of them-are they extroverted? Is there a responsibility? Is it frank? -the judgment is quite accurate. It is not entirely clear why we can judge a person's personality from his face. Some psychologists believe that a person's face can indeed reveal some characteristics of his personality, and our intuition may be the product of evolution. This conclusion comes from a psychologist's research on 9 ice hockey players. Statistics show that people with wide faces, that is, athletes whose left and right cheekbones are relatively larger than the distance from their eyebrows to their upper lips, will be punished more. Because they are more violent in the competition. They also found that there is a certain relationship between the width-length ratio of the face and the male sex hormone testosterone. According to a survey, the concentration of testosterone in saliva of people with wide faces is higher than that of ordinary people. This means that the high concentration of testosterone determines that a person is more likely to grow into a wide face, physically taller, stronger and more dominant. Maybe because they are more likely to attack us in reality. So in the long process of evolution, we have learned to associate this kind of face with aggression, and this conclusion has been deeply buried in our subconscious. In this way, there is a certain scientific basis for people to look at their faces. However, psychologists also emphasize that facial expressions are only one aspect that people use to judge other people's intentions, not the only and final evidence. Oriental physiognomy is a kind of knowledge in China's Five Techniques, which mainly judges a person's character and health from his facial or physical characteristics, behaviors and so on, thus inferring his fate. Nowadays, physiognomy is integrated with western anatomy, and it is basically divided into three qualities, namely, the nature of heart, the nature of bones and muscles, and the nature of nutrition, which can be discussed from the aspects of skin color, facial features, height, height and thinness. After the three qualities are positioned, they will be discussed in detail according to the fleeting time and matched with the facial features. (If you are familiar with the three qualities, you can add the "five elements" in China's phase method to classify them.) The phase is absolutely not only discussed, but must be coordinated with the whole, otherwise it will be a mistake to judge out of context. The facades of linen clothes are recorded very early. The Book of Rites says: "Anyone who looks up to the face is proud, while those who look down on the belt are worried, and those who lean down are treacherous." Another example is that after Gou Jian ping Wu, Fan Li knew that Gou Jian was a "long-necked beak, but he could be in trouble with * * *, but not happy with * * *", so he went boating with Xi Shi and changed his name to Yan Yi Zi Pi. Others, such as Su Qin, are "bone nose and sword ridges"; Xiang Yu is "with heavy eyes"; Zhou Yafu is the "entrance to the longitudinal principle", which is the law, and the physiognomy means that the longitudinal principle into the lips is the phase of starvation; Liu Xiu is "Longzhun Sun Jiao". Xiao Zhu of the Song Dynasty called Wang Anshi "a bull's eye and a tiger's eye, seeing things like a shot." If you can fix your eyes on the sun, it is considered an expensive phase. For example, A Hundred Poems: It is recorded that Chen Yingzhong "tasted the DPRK, and has set up a class. The imperial court was late, and the sun shone. Cai Jing paid attention to the sun for a long time, but it was not instantaneous. Ying zhong said privately that he was in the same province:' this public viewing day is not instantaneous, and it is really noble.' "Shen Fu, the author of Six Chapters of a Floating Life, can also" open his eyes to Japan ". Zeng Guofan was born with a pair of triangular eyes, and everyone was afraid. Zeng Guofan himself is also skilled in astrology. For example, Zeng called Jiang Zhongyuan, "This person will make a name for himself in the world, but he should die with a strong festival." In Zeng's diary, he also recorded the pithy formula: "Evil looks at the eyes and nose, true and false at the lips, fame at the spirit, wealth at the spirit, intention at the fingers and claws, and turmoil at the ankles. If you want to see the order, it is all in words. " Fang Ji, a kind of Qing Dynasty banknotes, recorded Ceng Wenzheng's good physiognomy. I remember once when I went to a friend's house and chatted downstairs, I suddenly saw a man walk into the stairwell of her apartment, and I said,' That man looks like a bad guy! My friend said,' You are amazing, he just got out of prison! In fact, I can't see the man's appearance clearly at such a long distance, but judging from his outline and walking style, he is really not kind. The above is to tell everyone that a person's' appearance' is good or bad. People with good personality usually have a seemingly kind face; A vicious person usually has a more vicious face. However, the opposite is not necessarily true. There is a saying that' the face is good and the heart is evil', that is to say, it looks like a' good face' but the heart is evil; There is another saying that' the face is disgusting and good', which means a face that looks' evil', but in fact it is kind. In short, facial judgment needs to be professional, and it is not so easy. Although, some sensitive people can intuitively judge some facial analysis. But we can't judge the good or bad of a face by intuition, and we still need professional numerology analysis. There are many important facial analysis tools, the most important of which are' five senses',' three stops' and' zodiac', which are described as follows. The origin of physiognomy is inseparable from the production and scientific level of ancient society. People in ancient times, because of their low level of knowledge, were puzzled by the reason why people were "blessed by misfortune, rich and poor". Some people mistakenly believe that people's "fate" is as good as everything in the world, and it depends on "looks" and "looks". They said that a melon is good, bad, raw, ripe, bitter and sweet, just look at its shape and color; A horse walks fast and slowly with great strength. You can know whether it is a good horse or a dog by looking at whether its parts are uniform, its coat color, demeanor and breath. They say that people are the same, and people's "destiny" is inseparable from "color" and "appearance". "Appearance" is the appearance, posture and characteristics of things or people; "Color" is the appearance and expression of things or people. It is destiny takes a hand to say that this was arranged by "God" before people were born. Therefore, from people's physical condition, facial features, etc., we can infer people's "fate" and "good luck and good fortune". In this way, they put some phenomena in nature on people with far-fetched confusion. In the Zhou Dynasty, there was an official named Shu Fu, who first used these principles to visit fortune-teller and became the "astrologer" of the government. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a Gu Buziqing in the State of Jin, and a Tang Ju in the State of Liang in the Warring States Period, both of whom were famous "astrologers" and "astrologers". Because they were good for the ruling class and received the support and attention of the authorities of past dynasties, a large number of professional "astrologers" and "astrologers" appeared in the private sector later. After the Han Dynasty, some people compiled the techniques and experiences related to physiognomy into books, such as Ma Yi Xiang Fa, Liu Zhuang Xiang Fa and so on, so physiognomy became more and more popular. The five elements face the five elements, which is a material view of China in ancient times. Mostly used in philosophy, traditional Chinese medicine and divination. Five elements refer to: gold, wood, water, fire and earth. It is believed that nature consists of five elements, and with the rise and fall of these five elements, nature changes, which not only affects people's fate, but also makes everything in the universe circulate endlessly. The Five Elements Theory holds that everything in the universe is composed of the movement and change of five basic substances, namely wood, fire, earth, gold and water, which is caused by the lack of understanding of the world by ancient people in China. It emphasizes the whole concept and describes the structural relationship and movement form of things. If Yin and Yang are an ancient theory of unity of opposites, the five elements can be said to be a primitive general system theory. Faces: It is a science of judging one's fate by observing one's "facial features". This sentence mainly means that a person's personality, mind and being good or bad can be seen from his face. The basic meaning refers to appearance, and generally refers to the image of things. People often say,' What about that person's "five senses" …; What is this person's "five senses" …', but people don't necessarily know what "five senses" are. In fact, "five senses" are related to each other. The so-called' five senses' refer to five human organs such as' ears, eyebrows, eyes, nose and mouth'. Moreover, in physiognomy, they were given the following nouns: (1) Er: named' Listening Officer'. (2) Eyebrow: it is called' longevity officer'. (3) Eye: named' Ombudsman'. (4) nose: it is called' judge'. (5) Mouth: It is called' Cashier'. Through the analysis of the' five senses', we can do some basic analysis of a person's mutual learning, and then judge a person's fortune. Usually' eyebrows' are related to health and status; Eyes are related to a person's willpower and kindness; Nose is related to a person's wealth and health; Mouth' is related to a person's happiness, food and wealth, and noble luck; Ears are related to a person's longevity. In addition to the above-mentioned' five senses', there are also so-called' three stops'. The explanation is as follows: (1) Upper stop: it is called' upper stop' from the hairline on the forehead to the eyebrows. In charge of the youth fortune, in charge of the fortune between the ages of 15 and 3. (2) Mid-stop: the position from the eyebrows to the nose is called' mid-stop'. In charge of middle-aged fortune, in charge of fortune between the ages of 31 and 5. (3) Down stop: It is called down stop from the nose to the chin. In charge of the fortune in his later years, and in charge of the fortune after the age of 51: basically, the' upper stop' is high, long and prosperous, and if it is square and broad, the main social status is high. If the' middle stop' is long and there is meat, the Lord will be rich and live long. If the' next stop' is complete, correct and heavy, you will be blessed in your life. In addition, the' ear part' is in charge of the youth fortune before the age of 15, so the ear is good, which is helpful for the youth movement. In addition to the above five senses and three stops, there is also a very important analysis tool for the analysis of the zodiac, that is, the zodiac. The explanation is as follows: (1) The Palace of Life: the place where the' Yin Tang' is located between the eyebrows. Affect a person's basic fortune. (2) Caibo Palace: located at the' nose'. It is related to the good or bad luck of wealth. (3) Brother Palace:' Eyebrows' is the Brother Palace. Relationships, brothers, good or bad. (4) Husband and wife palace: located at the' eye tail' part. The relationship between husband and wife is good or bad. (5) Daughter's Palace: located at the part where the' lower eyelid' bulges. Symbolizes whether children are promising, whether they have children, etc. (6) Ji 'e Palace: located at the' mountain root' between the eyes. It is related to good or bad luck in health. (7) Relocation Palace: located at the' eyebrows at both ends of the upper forehead'. Look at the good and bad luck of migration and going out. (8) Slave Palace: located at the lower part of the cheek. Relationships, friends and subordinates are good or bad. (9) Guanlu Palace: located in the' middle of the forehead' part. Good or bad luck in career, official position and study. (1) Tianzhai Palace: located in the' eyelids between eyebrows and eyes' part. It's good or bad for a person's family. (11) Fude Palace: located at the' outer part above the eyebrow'. Good fortune and good fortune. (12) Parents' Palace: the father is located in the upper middle of the left forehead and the mother is located in the upper middle of the right forehead. Relationship and fate between parents, etc. Fortune: Through the analysis of the zodiac, we can judge the good or bad fortune of a person's life. If you want to know the relationship between' brothers', just look at' Brother Palace'; If you want to know' career development', just look at' Guanlu Palace' for good or ill luck; If you want to see' love', just look at the' husband and wife palace' for good or ill luck ... and so on. Physiognomy is based on the specific "position" of the face, each of which represents the age of a stage and can show a person's fate and personality, especially fate from these two aspects. A fortune teller can judge the fate of a fortune teller or predict what will happen to him in that year. For example, if the fortune teller tells the fortune teller that he is thirty-seven, the fortune teller will first observe the place of thirty-seven, that is, the pupil of his left eye. Physiognomy is an art as well as a science. When observing the forty-eighth position, physiognomists must understand how it developed from the forty-seventh position and what important influence it may have on the forty-ninth. In a word, the accuracy of physiognomy mainly depends on the experience of physiognomists. At the beginning, people who study physiognomy only need to memorize the main "bits". There are thirteen of these main "bits"-* * *. This is the thirteen "bits" that go down a person's face. It divides a person's face into two parts. If the line connected by these bits can match other parts of the face, this person may encounter a better fortune in his life. If these "positions" are disordered and he can't match other parts of the face, he may suffer bad luck in his life. On the other hand, this is the "position" of thirteen parts, which is also the basis for physiognomists to analyze other parts of the face. But then again, this is not to say that these main positions are the only key points in physiognomy. In fact, a person's eyebrows, eyes, nose, lips and ears are more important than positions in physiognomy, which is especially related to a person's personality and character. Among the traditional physiognomy books, the earliest books are Xu negative physiognomy, Ma Yi physiognomy, and later there are Ren Lun Da Tong Fu and Liu Zhuang physiognomy. Today's physiognomy books are already overwhelming. The following categories of physiognomy terms are all physiognomy terms, such as three stops, which are divided into three stops (from hairline to forehead), atrium (from yintang to nasal alignment) and lower stop (from human to chin). Three stops (upper stop, atrium, lower stop): Volume II of The Complete Collection of Gods: "Three stops for identity, three stops for head. From the shoulder to the waist, it is a middle stop, and the middle stop should be symmetrical. If it is short, it will have no life. " The five senses (ears, eyebrows, eyes, nose and mouth) four blasphemies (ears, eyes, nose and mouth), five mountains (forehead, nose, chin and cheekbones), six mansions (Tiancang, Mingmen and Slave Palace) and six temples (two eyebrows, two eyes, Minggong and Shangen), and eight diagrams and nine kingdoms (China's top ten facets). Nevus, macula (including shoulder, waist, back, chest, abdomen, umbilicus, arms, limbs, neck, * * * (mainly female), vulva, * * *, muscles, fur and skin.