Luoyang is rich in cultural landscape, including Longmen Grottoes, one of the three largest grottoes in China, Baima Temple, the first official Buddhist temple in China, Luoyang Tomb Museum, the world's largest ancient tomb group, and a large number of historical sites such as Ercheng Tomb, Baiyuan Garden and Guanlin. Luoyang's natural scenery is equally charming. Xiaoyue in Tianjin, Longmen Mountain, autumn wind in Luopu and Bell in Masi have different styles and beautiful scenery.
You will be happy to visit them. In the history of the ancient capital of the Nine Dynasties, all the Nine Dynasties were in Luoyang, so Luoyang was called the ancient capital of the Nine Dynasties. As early as 770 BC, Luoyang was the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. At that time, due to the ruins of the old capital Haojiang, dogs moved in, endangering the safety of Haojiang, Zhou Pingwang decided to move eastward to Luoyi, and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty became the first dynasty to formally establish its capital. In AD 25, Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu established the Eastern Han Dynasty and made Luoyang its capital again. After hundreds of years of dust, Luoyang shines again. At that time, Luoyang was prosperous in economy and developed in culture. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo set fire to Luoyang Palace, leaving a bustling capital ruins. In 220 AD, Cao Pi replaced Han and established the State of Wei, with Luoyang as its capital.
Later, the Western Jin Dynasty and the Northern Wei Dynasty also established Luoyang as their capital. In 604 AD, Yang Di Yang Guang single-handedly killed his father, moved the capital to Luoyang, and built a large-scale project in the west of Luoyang 18, digging the North-South Grand Canal, making Luoyang a hub of land and water transportation in China. In 690 AD, Wu Zetian changed the Tang Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty and took Luoyang as the capital of the Zhou Dynasty. After that, the six emperors moved to Luoyang. This period is the heyday in Luoyang history. The palace is magnificent, and large official warehouses in the city are responsible for storing or transporting food for Kyoto.
Handicraft skills have developed greatly, and the famous Tang Sancai is the masterpiece of this period. During the Five Dynasties, Hou Liang, the later Tang Dynasty and other dynasties also established their capitals in Luoyang. Millennium Peony Luoyang Peony is famous in the Tang Dynasty. According to legend, peony is a famous product of Chang 'an Palace. In the dead of winter, Wu Zetian ordered that all the flowers in the imperial garden should open in the early morning of the next day. Flowers are awe of Wu Zetian's dignity. If they really bloom in the dead of winter, only peony is proud.
In a rage, the marquis of Wu demoted all the peonies in the imperial garden to Luoyang, far away from the capital, but the peonies in Luoyang were more lively than before. People in Luoyang love peony, and peony is not afraid of power and loves it. The Song Dynasty was the heyday of Luoyang Peony Fair. The poet Li Zhengfeng left a famous sentence for peony: the national color is intoxicating and the night is fragrant. Since then, peony has been hailed as a national beauty and fragrance, and it has been honored as the king of flowers. Ouyang Xiu, a writer, compared Luoyang peony with peony produced in other places and said with deep admiration: Luoyang peony is the best in the world. He also wrote the earliest peony book in China, The Peony Story of Luoyang, which recorded in detail how Luoyang people enjoyed flowers, picked flowers, planted flowers, watered them, raised them and treated them.
After the Song Dynasty, Luoyang peony gradually declined. It recovered in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Luoyang Peony was also reborn. 1963, the Peony Garden was completed, and a large peony garden was built in Wangcheng Park, where peonies were widely planted. The variety of peony has increased to more than 200, with the total number exceeding 1 10,000 plants, exceeding the most prosperous period in history. Art Grottoes Luoyang has Longmen Grottoes, which, together with Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and Datong Yungang Grottoes, are called the three major grottoes in China. Longmen Grottoes were mainly excavated in the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Wu Zetian period in the Tang Dynasty, among which the largest and most famous is Fengxian Temple Grottoes excavated in the Song Dynasty. The best time for us to travel to Luoyang is in the north temperate zone, with continental climate, dry spring, hot and rainy summer, mild autumn and cold winter.
The annual average temperature is 14.86, and the annual average precipitation is 578.2 mm. The best season to visit Luoyang is undoubtedly autumn, and the climbing day is on September 9. Autumn is crisp, climbing mountains and enjoying chrysanthemums. April is also a good choice. Although the weather is a little dry, you can enjoy the beautiful sight of countless peony flowers in full bloom. Luoyang Old Town Luoyang Old Town is located in the central and eastern part of Luoyang, Henan Province. There is a Que (Longmen) in front, Mangshan Mountain in the back, a stream in Zuo Wei, and the Luohe River crossing the border (New Tang Book). Geography). It is not only the cradle of the historical development of ancient Luoyang, but also the foundation of the economic development of new Luoyang. It has a history of more than 3050 years since Duke Ji Dan of Zhou founded Luoyi in 1050 BC.
Now it administers 1 town and 7 sub-district offices: Xiguan Street, Southwest Corner Street, Northwest Corner Street, Southeast Corner Street, Northeast Corner Street, Nanguan Street, Luopu Street and Mangshan Town. The total area is 56.7 square kilometers and the total population is 654.38+0.35 million. The history of civilization is brilliant, talking about ancient and modern times. The ancient city of Luoyang has become the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of China for several times in history, and the long history of the imperial capital bears the profound Heluo culture. Stars and other cultural celebrities: Cai Lun Paper, Zhang Heng Paper, Sima Dian, Xu Shen's book Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Ouyang Xiu, Cao Zhi, Zuo Si, etc. They all left poems in Luoyang.
Cultural relics and historic sites are scattered all over the place: Donggong Temple and Camel Bell Palace in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhougong Temple in the Sui Dynasty, Tangming Hall in the Tang Dynasty, Wenfeng Tower in the Song Dynasty, Wenfu Temple in the Yuan Dynasty, Drum Tower, Shanshan Guild Hall, historical blocks and residential courtyards in the Ming and Qing Dynasties; Deep cultural accumulation is the unique advantage of developing tourism. The newly-built Luopu Park adds lakes and mountains to the ancient capital, and the large-scale transformation of the old city and the construction of commercial facilities have promoted the development of regional economy and the change of urban appearance. Luoyang ancient toast, elegant customs. From the ritual and music system of Zhou Gongju and Confucius' etiquette to the respect for Confucianism in Han Dynasty, the folk custom of Luoyang residence, on the one hand, is to learn from the people and be an official; On the one hand, it inherited the habit of Zhou people honoring Jia Guicai and attached importance to the development of trade and economy.
In history, merchants gathered in Luoyang, and the water transportation was developed, which was the starting point of the eastern end of the Silk Road. Known as the hinterland of Kyushu, the thoroughfare of ten provinces. Business and service industries have maintained long-term prosperity. In recent years, a number of wholesale markets for department stores, textiles, Wujinjiaodian, sugar, tobacco and alcohol, fruit and non-staple food, grain, oil and vegetables and dozens of large-scale commercial retail enterprises have been built, radiating around and becoming regional logistics centers, taking shape in a modern business circle. Relying on Luoyang's solid industrial and scientific research foundation, the industrial economy and non-public economy have developed rapidly in recent years. It has formed three pillar industries mainly in textile, mechanical processing and chemical industry and a number of competitive fist products in domestic and foreign markets.
In order to adapt to the new situation of China's entry into the WTO and its entry into the east and exit from the west, two high-tech industrial parks, Mangshan and Shaogou, will be developed and built in accordance with the ideas of planning, investment promotion, construction and development, so as to attract some advantageous enterprises to enter the park for centralized development. Luoyang is the most suitable flower, and peony is the world's strangest. Mangshan Town is the first named peony town in China. Its unique climate and geographical conditions are the advantages of developing peony industry. Peony economy has become the economic growth point of the old city. The peony high-tech industrial park under planning and construction is looking forward to the joining of merchants from inside and outside the region. In order to seize the historical opportunity and accelerate the economic development, the White Temple is located in the eastern suburb of Luoyang 12km, and was founded in the 11th year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
It is the first temple built by the government after Buddhism was introduced into China, so it has always been regarded as the ancestral temple, the source of Buddhism in China and the first ancient temple in China. According to legend, Emperor Liu Zhuang of the Eastern Han Dynasty dreamed of a golden man hovering over the palace, so he sent people to the western regions to seek Buddha. He met a monk named Tianzhu (now Indian) in Da Yue (now Afghan) and took photos of Morten and Zhu Falan. In the tenth year of Yongping, the Han Dynasty sent monks to Luoyang on white horses carrying Buddhist scriptures and statues, and built a temple the following year. In order to commemorate the work of carrying scriptures on the White Horse, it was named White Horse Temple. After its completion, it was rebuilt in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, forming today's scale and layout. Today, the White Horse Temple covers an area of about 40,000 square meters.
The main buildings are Tianwang Hall, Giant Buddha Hall, Daxiong Hall, Jieyin Temple, Qingliangtai, Piluge and so on. Among them, Daxiong Hall is the main hall of the whole temple, with a large scale. The three buddhas and the eighteen arhats in the hall are all works of the Yuan Dynasty, and they moved here from the Forbidden City in Beijing during the Cultural Revolution. Vivid images and different shapes are the treasures of Buddhist art and national first-class national treasures. There are more than 40 stone tablets in the White Temple since the Tang Dynasty, among which the calligraphy "Opinions on Developing Non-public Economy" written by Zhao Meng, a calligrapher in the Yuan Dynasty, is the most precious. About 200 meters to the southeast of this mountain, there is a 13-story Yun Qi Tower, which is about 24 meters high. At present, all nuns live there. This tower has a unique style and high artistic value.
It is one of the few ancient buildings in the Jin Dynasty in the Central Plains. Transportation: Take bus No.56 in Xiguan, about 1 hour. Admission: 35 yuan Tel: 0379-3789053 Opening hours: 7:30- 17:30 Guanlin, located seven kilometers south of Luoyang, is named after the head of a public official. Guanlin was built in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty and expanded in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. Now it covers an area of 100 mu, with more than 50 halls and corridors, more than 70 ancient stone tablets, 4 stone workshops, 1 10 lions and 800 ancient cypresses. Guanlin is a well-preserved ancient architectural complex, the most distinctive of which is the Dance Building. The sloping mountain style at the front desk is combined with the hard mountain style at the background, and the pavilion with double eaves is rare in China.
The pavilion is a typical pavilion-style building in Qing Dynasty. Many stone carvings and inscriptions unearthed in Luoyang are displayed in the corridors on both sides. 1979, Guanlin was established as Luoyang Ancient Art Museum, a provincial key cultural relics protection unit in Henan Province. Transportation: Take bus 8 1 to Guanlin at the railway station. Admission: 20 yuan opening hours: 8:00- 17:00 Location Map: Baiyuan Park is located in Longmen Dongshan, south of Luoyang 13 km, facing the east and west mountains. Rivers run through mountains from south to north, and a bridge spans east and west; Like a rainbow. This white garden was built in memory of Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. It is built on a mountain with beautiful and elegant peaks and green lakes. Cross yi river from Longmen Bridge, and on the left is Baiyuanmen.
Go straight into the door, but the road turns to the peak, Lin Mi; The mountain springs are tinkling and the pool water is clear. Very elegant. Walking up the stone steps, there is a pavilion on the mountainside called Listening Art.. This pavilion is the place where Bai Juyi played games, drank, tasted tea and commented on poems with his friends Yuan Zhen and Liu Yuxi in his later years. From the pavilion to the top of the mountain, there is an antique pavilion called Happy Paradise among the dangerous rocks and cypresses. In the temple, there is a statue of Bai Juyi carved out of white marble and a dove dressed in plain clothes, which are as lifelike as a fairy descending to earth. Out of heaven, climb the stone steps on the right, which is Pipa Peak. Among the cypresses, there is a round mound surrounded by a brick low wall, which is the place where Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, sleeps. On the top of the circular tomb, the grass is lush.
There are three tall stone tablets in front of the tomb. One is Bai Juyi, whose real name is Lotte, who lived in Luoyang in his later years 18 years. Although he was honored as lsquo Shaofu rsquo, he was poor all his life, and he drank good wine and wrote good poems. He built Xiangshan Temple in Longmen and opened Bajie Beach. He was very attached to Longmen landscape and was buried here after his death. There are more than 0/0 scenic spots in the park, such as Guqing District, Paradise, Poetry Gallery, Tomb Area, Japanese Calligraphy Gallery and Taoist Bookstore. Gu Qing District is located between two mountains, including Bai Chi, Tingsi, Shibanqiao, Songzhu and An Baili. Entering the waterfall in Guqing District, the blue waves in the pool are rippling, the bamboo forest is lush, and the white lotus is fragrant and refreshing. Xanadu is surrounded by mountains and waters, facing Gu Qing.
It is a place where poets write poems and make friends. The indoor natural rocks are bare, and the white marble statue is natural and unrestrained, sitting quietly on the rocks, giving people a deep feeling of thinking and enlightenment. Standing in front of the paradise of music, you can deeply understand that there is always running water in front of the poet's original lsquo, with towering trees on the wall, bamboo paths in the lotus pond and more than a hundred steps back to rsquo. There are 38 standing stones in the poem gallery inscribed by famous artists at home and abroad, with complete lines, grasses, seals and calligraphy. You can appreciate not only Bai Juyi's masterpieces, but also the beauty of calligraphy. Japanese Calligraphy Gallery is built for the exchange of Chinese and Japanese calligraphy, and most of them are famous contemporary Japanese calligraphers. It was opened to the public in March 2000. The tomb area is located at Pipa Peak, which can be reached from Peony Pavilion.
There are Bai Juyi's tomb, lying tablet, Aconitum Gate, guests who admire Bai Juyi at home and abroad and national monuments. The front of the tomb is paved with stones, and the lawn behind the tomb is like a carpet and surrounded by cypresses, giving people a solemn feeling. White Garden is a memorial garden with simple and elegant architecture, flowers in three seasons, evergreen seasons and winding paths. This is a good place to visit. Transportation: Take bus No.53, No.60 and No.81to the terminal. Admission: Longmen Grottoes, White Garden (Bai Juyi's Tomb) and Xiangshan Temple are all subject to the one-vote system, and the fare is 80 yuan. Illustration: Wangcheng Park is located on the north side of Zhongzhou Road in Luoyang City. It is the largest comprehensive park in Luoyang, named after it was built in the ruins of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The park consists of ancient cultural area, peony garden, animal museum and amusement park.
It not only has a profound traditional artistic conception, but also has a strong modern atmosphere. In the ancient cultural area, antique buildings composed of Jishengzhu stele forest, Shenyuantai Pavilion, Jichengtang, Huaizhou Pavilion and Mingdemen are surrounded by compact cloisters. Shaoyuetai architecture is simple and elegant, and ancient musical instruments such as chimes, stone chimes and orchestral strings represent the profoundness of Zhou Wenhua. The stone carvings in Jiuding and Hutuluo's books reflect the outstanding wisdom and talent of Chinese ancestors. The Animal Museum is located in the north of the park, where there are more than 50 kinds of rare birds and animals such as giant panda, Siberian tiger, South China tiger and red-crowned crane for viewing. The most famous area in the park is Peony District, which consists of several large peony flower beds and has planted more than 10,000 peonies.
Among more than 300 varieties of peony trees, there is a graceful white fairy peony sculpture. When flowers bloom, they are colorful. During the annual Peony Festival, Wangcheng Park is a good place to enjoy flowers in the ancient city. Transportation: Take bus 10 1. Opening hours: 5:00-20:30 Baiyun Mountain is located in the south of Song County, covering an area of more than 40,000 mu. It is a natural virgin forest with 37 peaks above1500m. The main attractions are the General's Cap, the Tortoise Chaoyang, Lotus Cliff, Longsong Cliff, One Ball in the World, Yu Wang Gallery and so on. Yuhuangding, the main peak, is 22 1 1 m above sea level, which is the highest peak in Henan Province. The mountains are towering, the ancient trees are towering, the rocks are rugged and sparkling, and the scenery is pleasant. Bailong Waterfall and Jiulong Waterfall are the most representative waterfalls in the scenic spot.
I saw a long stream of water rushing down from a height and falling before my eyes. I can hardly tell whether it is water or fog. As a virgin forest, co holds Luoyang Flower Expo from April to 25th every year. At the same time, foreign economic and trade fair and peony lantern festival will be held. By then, Chinese and foreign tourists will gather in Luoyang, with a sea of people. Luoyang is the most suitable flower, and peony is the world's strangest. Luoyang is the hometown of peony in China and one of the birthplaces of peony in China. Luoyang peony is famous for its large flowers, bright colors, wealth and dignity. She began in Jin, flourished in Sui, flourished in Tang and flourished in Song. Since Sui and Tang Dynasties, Luoyang Peony has been introduced and cultivated in Tian Peng, Sichuan, Yancheng, Jiangsu, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Haochuan, Anhui, Cao Zhou, Shandong, Shaoguan, Guangdong and other places, and now it has spread all over the Great Wall and the north and south of the great river. Luoyang Peony melts into the sea of China Peony and smells overseas. In 724 AD, China Peony was introduced to Japan; From 1330 to 1850, France was introduced. 1656, the Netherlands began to introduce; 1789, China peony was introduced into Britain, and more than 100 horticultural varieties were cultivated.
From 1826 to 1830, the United States was also introduced. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Luoyang Municipal People's Government has attached great importance to the restoration and development of peony. It has successively established various peony production management institutions and peony cultivation bases, organized garden technicians to collect lost varieties, expand propagation, improve cultivation techniques, and carried out research on new variety cultivation, grafting propagation, cutting propagation, potted plant and bonsai production, and delayed cultivation techniques, which has won more than one international, national, provincial and ministerial research 100. At present, there are 462 peony varieties in Luoyang. The planting area is about 140 hectare, with more than 2 million plants. 1982, the Standing Committee of Luoyang Municipal People's Congress passed a resolution to officially name peony as Luoyang Flower, and decided to hold Luoyang Peony Flower Festival from April 15 to 25 every year.
The policy of taking flowers as the medium, making friends, developing economy and revitalizing Luoyang has been well implemented. Luoyang peony is also famous in the world. With the pace of the times, Luoyang peony has crossed the ocean and entered more than 20 countries and regions, becoming a link and bridge connecting the friendship of people in famous countries. Peony, also known as bone-burning peony, is related to Wu Zetian. In the Tang Dynasty, Wu Zetian visited Hou Yuan on a cold day. What she saw was freezing, flowers withered and everything was depressed. She was distressed: if only a hundred flowers would blossom overnight. I want to show the prestige of Wu Zetian. I don't believe all the flowers dare to disobey her wishes!
Thinking of this, she made an imperial edict in front of Baihua: Go to Mingyuan and report to Chunzhi at once. Flowers must be delivered overnight, don't wait for Xiaofeng to rush you! . When Wu Zetian's imperial edict came out, Baihua Fairy panicked and got together to discuss countermeasures. Some people say: In this severe winter, we shouldn't blossom. How do we do this? Some said: how can the imperial edict of Wuhou be violated? Otherwise, it will end in a tragic ending; Hua Xian was silent. They all witnessed the success and failure of Wu Zetian for me. What should we do? The next day, a heavy snow fell from the sky. Although the wind roared and the water droplets turned into ice, all huaxian dared not disobey their orders.
I saw that in the back garden, colorful flowers really braved the snow to open. Wu Zetian was very happy to see this scene. Suddenly, a desolate flower bed came into view, and Wu Zetian's face suddenly sank. What kind of flower is this? How dare you violate my imperial edict? At first glance, it's all peony flowers. Wu Zetian was furious after hearing this: immediately drive these bold peonies out of Beijing and demote them to Luoyang. Who knows, when these peonies arrived in Luoyang, they were buried in the ground casually and immediately grew green leaves and beautiful flowers. Wu Zetian was furious and immediately sent someone to Luoyang to burn all the peony flowers. The relentless fire reflected the sky, and the peony struggled and groaned painfully in the fire.
However, people were surprised to find that although the branches of peony were blackened, more than 200 famous foreign varieties such as Sun and Sun were introduced from Japan in 1994. Xiyuan Park Peony Garden: It is located at the junction of Nanchang Road and Jiudu Road in Luoyang City, formerly known as Botanical Garden. Because it was built in the former site of Xiyuan in Sui Dynasty, it was renamed Xiyuan Park. The garden was built in 1958, with a total area of 13. 14 hm * m and 10000 m * m, with nearly 200 varieties and more than 6000 plants. With beautiful scenery and beautiful plants, the garden is a good place to watch peony. Peony Garden in Wangcheng Park: Because it was built on the site of the ancient Eastern Zhou Dynasty, it was named Wangcheng Park. It is the most important place to watch peony in Luoyang.
Founded in 1956, with a total area of 13340 m*m * m, there are 320 varieties of peony plants 19800. And introduced more than 20 Japanese varieties from Japan. There are peony pavilions and fairy peony flower beds. Every April1May-25, during the Peony Fair, there are many tourists. The biggest day, 250 thousand tourists visited, unprecedented. Park Peony Garden: Luoyang is a park famous for peony. Located in the middle section of Xiyuan Middle Road, jianxi district. It was built in 1956, with a total area of 5.87 hm * m, and peony flower beds in the park 10, with a total area of 5,660m * m, with 3,960 peony plants and more than 200 varieties planted. Garden peony is praised by tourists for its large flowers and bright colors.
Guose Peony Garden: Located at Mangshan 3 10 National Road, Luoyang City. Built in 1985 and 10hm*m, nearly 400 peony varieties and 200,000 plants were planted. 1992 was named as the National Peony Gene Bank by the Ministry of People and Forestry of China. Because the garden is located in Mangshan, the flowering period is later than that in the urban area, so visitors who come to Luoyang later can also enjoy the beauty of Luoyang peony. Luoyang Riverside Park: The Luohe River, which lasted for more than 500 years from Sui and Tang Dynasties to Northern Song Dynasty, has been managed by millions of working people, which has both the convenience of boats and the beauty of scenery. At that time, Luohe was surrounded by peaches and plums, surrounded by willows and covered with long bridges. The scenery is picturesque all year round. Especially the golden wind, summer, half-moon talk and autumn are poetic.
For thousands of years, the scenery of robins has made many poets linger. As early as in the Three Kingdoms, Cao Zijian said that he met a goddess by the river. He wrote an article entitled "Preferential Policies and Incentive Measures for Investment Promotion in the Old City". Moreover, Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo are also known as the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, and they used to linger. In Tang Gaozong, Shangguan Yi slowly recited poems along the river bank. You can imagine how beautiful Robin's scenery is.