That is, "social god." "Biography of the Ram Twenty-five Years of Zhuang Gong": "Drum is a national sacrifice."
; He Xiu's Note: "Social workers are also the owners of the land." Volume 308 of Tai Ping Guang Ji quoted the Tang Dynasty's Continued Record: "Carpenters in a foreign land in zhongmou county believed in God since childhood, and everything they eat will land, and may the land last for a long time."
Song Meng's "Tokyo Dream Record Thirty Years": "There are more than a thousand people pretending to be Miss Zhong Kui, the land, the kitchen god, etc." The second time in A Dream of Red Mansions: "Baoyu dismounted, and the sedan chair of Grandmother Jia just arrived at the mountain gate. When she saw the clay statue in the city, she ordered the sedan chair to stop. "
Wu Zuxiang Mountain Torrents 26: "They are local land now, so you don't know how to burn incense? Don't you know how to drill? " See Qing Valley Zhang Si's Local Wind Record (Volume 18). Historical Anecdote: Land Lord-Fu Deshen, whose real name is Zhang Fude, was clever and filial since childhood; Thirty-six years old, official to the chief tax collector of the court, honest and clean, considerate of the sufferings of the people, and did many good things.
At the age of 102. Three days after his death, his appearance remained the same. A poor household is surrounded by four big stones and worships in a stone house. Before long, he became rich from poverty. The people believed that it was blessed by God, so they built a temple together and offered it as a sacrifice with gold, so merchants often used it as a sacrifice.
It is also said that after his death, the tax collectors who took over paid taxes up and down, doing whatever they wanted, and the people were miserable. At this time, people remembered the benefits of Zhang Fude's ruling, so they built a temple to worship and named it "the God of fortitude".
In ancient China, people often referred to the land gods in the village temple as "social gods". So, how did the name "social god" come from? Ancient villages were large and small. How big is the village to build a temple to worship the land god, and how big is the jurisdiction of the land god? According to ancient records, there was a custom of offering sacrifices to the earth in ancient China. Because the land carries all things, it also nurtures all things and grows grain to support the people, so China people have always worshipped the land with the attitude of respecting heaven and attaching importance to feelings.
"Biography of the Book of Rites" said that "the country is people-oriented, and food is the most important thing for the people. Therefore, it is impossible to make a national sacrifice in Gu Duo, so an altar is set up to worship it". The "sacrificial method" in the Book of Rites is noted; "Under the doctor, Bao Shishu lives in groups, with more than a hundred people. You can set up a club."
The history of the five elements in Han Dynasty is also called "the old system, and twenty-five families are one society". Thus, the so-called society is the smallest local administrative unit.
China's ancestors, because "the land is vast and the population is sparse, they can't worship all over the world", sealed the land for the society and sacrificed it to repay the debt. Therefore, the land gods enshrined in the temples built by the society are also called "social gods".
Local folklore: among the people, the land Lord is also regarded as the god of wealth and blessing. Because the people believe that "there is land and wealth", the land Lord is regarded as the patron saint by businessmen. It is said that he can still have a bumper harvest of grain, so many people welcome the land god to worship at home.
Generally speaking, among the five gods of a family, there must be a tribute from the earth god. If there is no tribute to the earth god at home, incense tables, candlesticks and offerings will be arranged in front of the house on the second and sixteenth day of each month. However, generally speaking, farmers worship the landlords on the first and fifteenth day of each month.
On the second day of the second lunar month, every household makes zongzi in winter and crushes them into round cakes, big and small. Each cover is printed with patterns such as melons, fruits and ears of rice to symbolize prosperity, auspiciousness and wealth, commonly known as "ground cover".
And prepare sacrifices, wine, fruits, etc. During the holidays, we burn incense and offer religious sacrifices to Fude Shen Zheng, a land god shrine enshrined in the family hall, in order to pray for good luck, prosperity of six animals, lucky money and family harmony. On the same day or within three days, parents took their children to the cultivated fields respectively, and pressed a few pieces of gold paper on the walls of their own fields, called "Tian Toudi", praying for a good harvest in winter; At the same time, take this opportunity to inform the next generation of land owners.
As the saying goes, "After eating, your trouser legs are rolled up." After that, the farmers started the farming activities of "one year's plan lies in spring".
On the second day of February, people in the industrial and commercial circles will also make sacrifices to Ford's god of integrity. Every year, from the second day of February to the 16th day of December, they will also make "teeth", including "head teeth" on the second day of February, "middle teeth" on the second day of July and "tail teeth" on the 16th day of the twelfth lunar month. Myths and legends: 1 The legend of the land god's birthday shows that the land god is the most honest and honest. He often sees three lazarillo de tormes eating fish and meat, but he can't even eat rice.
Once, he asked three lazarillo DE tormes, "Why do you have fish and meat to eat every day? I didn't even eat. " The third lazarillo de tormes said, "I have an iron ring. If I wear a hoop on my head, people will have a headache, and he will cook me good food. If you want to eat, I'll lend you this hoop. "
The landlord borrowed three scorpions' hoops and told him to put them on the heads of horses and sedan chairs. One day, the landlord saw a man riding a horse and put an iron ring on the horse's head. The horse was in terrible pain at once and ran as fast as it could.
A landlord is exhausted and has nothing to eat. The landlord took off the hoop and told San chili pepper that he had not been eaten.
The third lazarillo de tormes said, "You don't want to tie the one on the left." One day, the earth god saw a human figure tied with straw, thought it was a man who had not left, and put an iron ring on the head of the human figure tied with straw, and didn't eat anything for several days. When he came back, he told Sanlazi truthfully.
The third lazarillo de tormes told him, "You should hold people who can walk slowly." One day, a beggar was walking slowly on the road. The landlord thought he saw it clearly this time, so he put an iron ring on the beggar's head. Unexpectedly, the hoop was wrong again, and he didn't get a meal.
Originally, beggars had no food for themselves, so they had fish for the landlords! So the landlord returned the hoop to the third lazarillo de tormes. People think that landlords are honest and have nothing to eat all the year round, so they fry poached eggs for landlords on the second day of the second lunar month every year.
And set this day as the birthday of the earth god every year. 2. Compared with the landlady, the appearance rate of the landlady is much less, and because she is not ugly, in fact, many landladies are very beautiful. The real reason is that she loves to tell the truth.
It is said that when the Jade Emperor sent the land to the mortal world, he asked him what hope he had. The land Lord is very clever, and his words are grandiose, just like making a political report, saying that he hopes that all people in the world will step into a well-off society and greatly improve their spiritual civilization.
Hearing this, the landlady said, "That's no good. People want it on earth.
Second, historical anecdotes related to land myths and legends and local folk customs * Zuo Zhuan recorded the story that Jin Gongzi was slapped hard and fled: Zhong Er, tired and hungry day and night, begged food from an old farmer who was farming in the field, and the old farmer silently grabbed a handful of dirt and handed it to him.
Zhong Er was about to get angry, but was dissuaded by his entourage and whispered a few words. Zhong Er suddenly fell to his knees, kowtowed and thanked God, then solemnly grabbed a handful of dirt, put it in the car and continued to escape ... * "Mencius" recorded the "merits" of three emperors and five emperors burning mountains and forests: "When Yao,
Vegetation is lush, animals multiply, while crops are scarce and animals threaten. Yao's worry alone can be cured.
Make good use of fire. Mount Yilie burned it, and the animals fled.
"* Legend has it that a long time ago, the ancient Yellow River was a wild horse that was difficult to tame. It runs as it pleases, like a twisted monster, roaring day and night, spewing and devouring thousands of fertile fields. Bite Chung Shan Man, the Hui people on both sides of the Yellow River can only live a slash-and-burn life at the top of the mountain and at the bottom of the ditch.
At that time, Ningxia was not a plain bordered by Ma Pingchuan, but green mountains and valleys. There is no flat field, and no field can be irrigated with Yellow River water. Legend has it that there are several * * * and * * families living on Niushou Mountain. They carry water at the foot of the mountain and farm at the top of the mountain.
All ages are busy, but they don't have enough to eat and don't wear warm clothes. For a long time, no one could stand this torture. One year, a 70-year-old man named Gerd opened a melon garden on the mountain and planted some cucumbers.
He gets up early every day and goes to the Yellow River to fetch water and water cucumbers. His shoulders are swollen and his feet are skinned. He carefully cultivated cucumbers, and the yellow ones looked tender and sweet. On this day, the old man was tired and fell asleep at the gate of the vegetable garden.
As soon as he fell asleep, he dreamed that there was a white cloud floating in the sky. Gradually, Baiyun became an imam with a white beard, shook his silver beard and said to the old man, "There are two strong winds today, so you should pay attention. There is a yellow wind at noon, which can make cucumbers wither; There is a black wind in the afternoon, which can make cucumber stems fall off.
No matter how windy it is, don't pick cucumbers. When the old man woke up, he saw that the white-bearded imam had disappeared, but he saw that the yellow wind in the north was overwhelming and suddenly blew to Niushou Mountain.
The old man looked at the cucumbers carefully, and sure enough, they faded one by one. He was very sad. A year's efforts were in vain, but the thought of the white-bearded imam stopped him. In the afternoon, a black wind blew, shaking the earth and shaking the leaves layer by layer.
When the old man saw that the cucumber was about to fall to the ground, he was very angry. He picked a cucumber and threw it into the Yellow River. The Yellow River immediately broke a line.
As if he had been cut by a fairy with a knife, he clearly saw the bottom of the river. When the old man Gerd swooped down, the river suddenly joined again. The old man was tired and hungry, sitting on the river bank, blinking, and the golden flower danced wildly, knowing nothing.
At this time, the old man in Del heard the white-bearded imam say, "This cucumber is the key to conquering the Yellow River. You can cut off the Yellow River and make it listen to people. But now the Yellow River is called Yellow Wind and Black Wind, and these two Iberians are suffering.
Don't be impatient, be patient and work harder. Next year, you plant another cucumber garden. When the cucumber is ripe, you pick the biggest one and throw it into the Yellow River.
At that time, when you walked into the hole at the bottom of the river, you took off the gems, took the seeds of the five grains, and had the sword to slay the dragon and subdue the evil spirit and tame the Yellow River. Wherever you point, the Yellow River will flow. The next year, the hardworking old man Gerd planted another garden of cucumbers. He was not afraid of the long journey or sweating, so he took water from the Yellow River to water melons.
Everything comes to him who waits. Finally, a three-foot cucumber grows in the garden, which looks like a key. The old man happily slept in the melon garden for a day and a night until the melon was ripe.
On this day, the weather was fine, without a cloud. Old man Wilder picked a three-foot cucumber, read "Taismi" and threw it into the Yellow River.
At this time, I only heard the roar of the Yellow River, and I opened a long crack. All the stones at the bottom of the river are clearly visible. When the old man went down to the bottom of the river, he saw a hole near the river bank, where pearls and agates were everywhere.
The old man took some and just left, he heard the storm whistling. At that time, the waves on the river rolled and the waves became higher and higher. The old man Gerd picked up his sword and cut dozens of swords on the left and right sides of the black whirlwind and the yellow whirlwind.
After a while, black wind and yellow wind blew in the sky. At this time, the faults of the Yellow River gradually tightened.
Del's old man remembered the command of the white-bearded imam, and this sword could conquer the Yellow River. He knew very well, and he thought, I want the Yellow River to fill ditches and level mountains. Holding two swords, the old man plunged into the Yellow River, and the water in the Yellow River stopped flowing at once, as if a Great Wall had been blocked in front, but it was still rising steadily, which was really scary from a distance.
Three days later, from Liupanshan in the south to Helan Mountain in the west, there was water everywhere, leaving only a few mountain tips. Only then, the old man, Gerd, drew his sword and told the Yellow River to flow forward.
Since then, Ningxia in the deep mountain valley has become Ma Pingchuan. The Hui people living on both sides of the Yellow River, relying on their hard-working hands, cultivated land and lived a happy life. Myth and legend: Dayu had three treasures when he governed the Yellow River. One is the river map; The second is a mountain axe; The third is to avoid water swords.
Legend has it that the river map was given to Dayu by Hebo, the water god of the Yellow River. In ancient times, there was a man named Feng Yi in Huayin General Township. He feels uncomfortable farming, but he is bent on becoming an immortal.
He heard that people can become immortals after drinking the juice of daffodils for one hundred days. So I looked everywhere for daffodils.
Before Dayu harnessed water, the Yellow River flowed to the Central Plains. There is no fixed channel, it flows everywhere and is often flooded. There are seven strands and eight roads on the ground, and the branches in the ditch are all yellow river water.
Feng Yi ran around looking for daffodils, often crossing, crossing and dealing with the Yellow River. Ninety-nine days passed in the blink of an eye, and then I found a daffodil and sucked the juice of the daffodil for a day, so I could become an immortal.
Feng Yi was so proud that he crossed the Yellow River and went to a small village to look for daffodils. The water here is not deep. Feng Yi waded across the river and reached the middle of it. Suddenly, the river rose.
He panicked, slipped, fell into the Yellow River and was drowned alive. After Feng Yi's death, she was full of grievances and resentments and hated the Yellow River, so she went to the Jade Emperor to sue the Yellow River.
The Jade Emperor was also annoyed when he heard that the Yellow River was undisciplined and wandering around, endangering the people. Seeing that Feng Yi had been sucking the juice of daffodils for ninety-nine days, it was time to become an immortal. He asked Feng Yi if he would be the water god of the Yellow River and govern it.
Feng Yi was overjoyed.
3. Seek some knowledge about "land" 1. 1. Historical anecdotes related to land, myths and legends, the five-colored soil "She" and "Ji" in the national altar are two legendary gods, the one in charge of land is called "She Shen" and the one in charge of grain is called "Ji Shen". The place where they are sacrificed is conveniently called the "altar". Because of this, the national altar is spread all over the country. He can distinguish the soil. He was a local official of Zhuan Xu's Levin generation (about 25 14~ 2437 BC). Later, people respected him as the afterlife. Taiji's name is abandoned, and its mother is too Jiangyuan. It is said that Jiang Yuan saw a big footprint on the ground during an outing. She tried it with her own feet and suddenly felt pregnant. He survived, was adopted by others, and was named abandoned child. Abandoning childhood and loving farming, I often try to plant wild seeds and get fruits. So he taught people how to practice. Now there are five-colored stones, such as wheat and beans, on the wenxi county Mountain, which are called five-grain stones. It is said that they were abandoned. According to "Textual Research on Old News under the Sun", "The altar of the country is in the right north." All white stones have four grades. Five-colored soil is built on the altar, with yellow in the middle, blue in the east, red in the south, white in the west and black in the north. " Zhuozhou, Bazhou, Fangshan and Anton used soil, and Taichang Temple tried soil ... "The altar faces south, and now the red gate of the back river of Zhongshan Park is the main entrance of the social altar at that time. Nandi Yandi, assisted by Vulcan, holds a balance beam, and is the main summer, which is red; West Shao Hao, assisted by the golden god, holding a ruler, in charge of autumn, is white; Zhuan Xu in the north, assisted by the water god, has a scale in his hand, which is in charge of winter and belongs to black; The Yellow Emperor was in the center, assisted by the land god, and was in charge of the four directions with ropes in his hand. It is yellow. On behalf of the social god is a stone pillar three feet six inches long and one foot six inches square, and on behalf of the millet god is a wooden pillar of the same size. There is an earthen niche in the center of the five-color soil, in which there are two pillars of wood and stone. Sometimes society and Xiaomi Er Shen are sacrificed separately, and sometimes they are sacrificed together. Later, I felt that I was sacrificed together.
What are the rich meanings of historical anecdotes, myths and legends, local folk customs and land? According to myths and legends, the original name of the owner of the land was Gu Bi. Both husband and wife are 120 years old and have ten daughters. Because there were no children, they took in two big snakes as sons. One is called "Ai" and the other is called "Ou". One day, Gu Bi went to the mountain to cut wood, and two snakes took him to a jar. Then he went to the golden palace to hide. When the emperor saw these two monsters, he was very scared, so he posted the imperial list to see who could drive them away and let him be an official. Gu Bi knew that he had to go to see the emperor immediately. As soon as he arrived at the golden palace, he cursed the two snakes: "Bastard, how dare you come here to scare the king? Why don't you go back!" The two snakes were obedient and left at once. The emperor was overjoyed and wanted Gu Bi to be an official. Gu Bi said, "My husband and wife are 240 years old, so it's no use being an official." The emperor gave him gold and silver treasures. Gu Bi said, "My gold is not rich, and my five sons are childless." The emperor said, "If you don't do it, I'll make you an official." People call Gu Bi the Land Lord. These two snakes were the first time that the emperor visited at the entrance of the Golden Temple, so when the costume drama was staged, they both shouted "Alas" and "Ou". These are the names of the two snakes. This historical story tells the story of Jin Wengong and Zhong Er who fled to the wilderness to escape the persecution of the imperial court. On the way to escape, he was hungry and begged in the suburbs of the village. The farmer said, I have no food here, only this land. Zhong Er was very angry. Zhao Shuai, his minister, told him, "The natives have soil, so you can worship. [7] "It means that if you own this land, you will have a country, a country, and you will have your throne and power. Zhong Er knelt down and held the land in his hand. This is our land ethics. It shows our attitude towards land: land is the whole of society-wealth, power and country. Local folk custom spring cow: a cow that symbolizes the beginning of spring and urges farming. It is made of mud and paper, also known as "native cow". Emperor beginning of spring led his ministers to welcome the spring in the eastern suburbs and whipped the spring cattle as a warning. Scholars are out of town to watch. Idioms include: the land is vast, the sea is heavy, the land lasts forever, the land is faint, the land collapses, the land is far north and south, the land is ugly, the land is strong, the land is wide, the ground shakes, the ground falls, the land is thorny, the land is poor, the underground works, the soil is trickling, the land is long and the land is long. There is a sky above you, and you are stepping on one side of the earth; One side of the soil and water raises one side; No good end; There is no road in the sky, and there is no road underground; Facing the loess and facing the sky; Soldiers will block, water has means to cover; Every man for himself, and the devil takes the hindmost; A strong dragon does not crush a local snake; Meaning 1 Throughout the history of China, where can the motherland find land to produce and nurture life? Be creative and you will be its master. Land is always associated with the rise and fall of the nation and humiliation, and it can also be a pawn at the negotiating table. Land can also be the object of worship, such as the "five-color soil" located in the Temple of Heaven in Beijing. Taxes are close behind. Land always reminds people of people's hard work on it. 8 is the old dirt road in my hometown, which is unforgettable, but it is difficult to change the local accent. There are treasures hidden in the soil. For example, the allusion "There is no silver here for 320" is 10. There are also promised land, pure land and new continent in the dictionary.