Tiger celebrity: Qin Shihuang was the first unified and centralized feudal empire in the history of our country, and the person who started this great cause was Qin Shihuang, who was brilliant and famous. One of the few feudal emperors mentioned by Mao Zedong in "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan" was Qin Shihuang: "I cherish the martial arts of the Qin Emperor, but I have lost my literary talent, and I am a little coquettish in the Tang Dynasty." Qin Shihuang (259 BC-2 BC10). Born in Zhou Nanwang in 259 and 56 BC, Renyin is a tiger, and the five elements of the Zodiac are water tigers. Ming Lizi, the son of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang, was the founder of Qin Dynasty. Qin Shihuang was born at the end of the Warring States Period. At that time, the Seven Heroes of the Warring States fought for hegemony and fought for years. Realizing the reunification of China has become an inevitable development and urgent need for the development of people and society. In 246 BC, Wang Xiang of Qin Zhuang died, and Yi Zheng, who was only 13 years old, succeeded him. The real power of the country is in the hands of Lv Buwei, the Queen Mother and eunuchs. They formed a political party for selfish purposes and only used their power. In 238 BC, 22-year-old Li Zheng took charge of the court. That is, in this year, Lv Buwei was relieved of his post as prime minister and appointed Andy and Reese. Then, he adopted the Lian Heng policy of "attacking far and attacking near" and "divide and rule". He sent advisers to bribe the ministers of the six countries, alienate the relationship between monarch and minister, disintegrate the internal training of various countries, and send troops to attack for years. In 230 BC, Korea was destroyed, and it went through the war of 12 BC, and it was wiped out in 22 1 year BC, finally completing the great cause of unifying the six countries. At this point, it was renamed Qin Shihuang. After the reunification of China, Qin Shihuang thought that the reunification of China was a great undertaking "unprecedented since ancient times, beyond the reach of the five emperors", so he monopolized political, economic and military power from then on. At the same time, Meng Tian, a general, led 300,000 troops to attack the Xiongnu in the north to recover lost territory. In order to prevent the invasion of Xiongnu, the Great Wall built by Qin, Zhao and Yan has been repaired to form the Great Wall of Wan Li, which starts from Lintao in Gansu in the west and ends in Liaodong in the east. Qin Shihuang also gave birth to Vietnam in the south and established four counties, which accelerated the integration between the Han nationality and ethnic minorities. In this way, a powerful multi-ethnic feudal empire with the Han nationality as the main body was established, and Qin Shihuang became the first king in the history of China to unify the whole country. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he adopted a centralized regime. Politically, he first abolished the enfeoffment system and promoted the county system, dividing the country into 36 counties, which were under the jurisdiction of counties. Central and local officials are personally selected and appointed by the emperor, and they are not hereditary. In order to strengthen centralized rule, he also unified laws, weights and measures, writing and currency. In order to prevent the nobles of the six countries from rebelling, Qin Shihuang ordered the collection of weapons from all over the country, sent them to Xianyang for centralized destruction, and moved the nobles and rich people of the six countries to Xianyang for control and supervision. In 220 BC, Xianyang was taken as a citizen, and Chidao was ordered to be built, one east to the seashore and the other south to wuyue. Also dug a canal connecting Xiangjiang River and Pearl River. Qin Shihuang also visited all parts of the country for many times, with the purpose of "controlling the sea." In order to strengthen ideological dictatorship, in 2 13 BC, the history books of other countries, Confucian classics and books of various philosophers (except those collected by doctors) were burned; In the second year, because the alchemist Hou Sheng and Confucian scholars begged for the elixir of life for Qin Shihuang, they ordered to investigate the crimes of the alchemist Hou Sheng and Confucian scholars and killed more than 430 Confucian scholars in Xianyang. This is a historical event called "burning books to bury Confucianism" by historians, which opened the first literary inquisition in China. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he built large-scale projects, used more than 700,000 migrant workers and spent huge sums of money to build Epang Palace and Lishan Mausoleum. The result is: "At that time, male farming was not enough to spoil, and female spinning was not enough to cover the shape." The people began to resist, Qin Shihuang calmly suppressed, and his rule was in jeopardy. In 2 10 BC, Qin Shihuang fell ill during a tour and died in a sand dune in July. Miracle Zhang Heng 1970, the name of a China man was moved to the moon-a crater on the back of the moon was named after him; Seven years later, an asteroid numbered "1802" in the solar system was named after him. He is Zhang Heng, a great scientist, miracle creator, meteorological seismograph creator and astronomer at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhang Heng (AD 78- 139) was born in Nanyang, western Hubei, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Because he was a river facies in his later years, the world also called him Zhang Hejian. He was born in Zhang Han three years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and belongs to the tiger. Yin-yang and five elements are "earth tigers". Zhang Heng is not only an outstanding astronomer, but also a scholar with profound attainments and great contributions in many scientific fields such as literature, mathematics and meteorology. He is famous for his indifferent life, noble character and upright character. When Zhang Heng was young, he lived in poverty and studied very hard, even reaching the point of "crossing the river, not staying up all night". He especially likes the works of poet Qu Yuan and fu master Sima Xiangru. When he was young, he traveled to Xi 'an in old Beijing and Luoyang in Kyoto, and studied at Jingshi University Hall. Because Zhang Heng is knowledgeable, the court asked him to be an official several times, but he was unmoved and didn't become an official. At that time, the life of local officials, large and small, was supported by princes and ministers, and the luxury was outrageous. Based on his experience and feelings in two capitals, Zhang Heng spent ten years writing "Fu of Two Capitals", satirizing the times, expressing his heart and feelings. At the age of 28, Zhang Heng was editor-in-chief of Baode, the magistrate of Nanyang, and Baode transferred his teacher. He also returned to his hometown and devoted himself to astronomy, yin and yang, calendar and other aspects. In A.D. 1 10, Zhang Heng was appointed as a doctor and later promoted to Taishiling, in charge of weather, astrology, calendar and other work. Zhang Heng loved this work very much, which enabled him to engage in in in-depth research in astronomy and made great contributions. During Tai Shiling's tenure, he put forward the concept of "Huntian Theory" and advocated using Huntian Theory to explain the structure of celestial bodies. He believes that "the sky is like a chicken", and heaven and earth are as inseparable as eggshells wrapped with egg yolks. He is also the author of the astronomical work Ling Xian, which drew the first complete star map in ancient China with astronomical terms such as equator, ecliptic, South Pole and North Pole, with a total of 2,500 stars, creating the first armillary sphere driven by copper pot drops in China. In A.D. 132, Zhang Heng invented the "seismograph after the wind" to predict earthquakes. It is made of pure copper, with a round diameter of eight feet, and looks like a statue of Dionysus, which is more than 1700 years earlier than the seismograph created in Europe. Zhang Heng is also a famous mathematician and writer. He is also interested in history and geography. As far as literary creation is concerned, his Four-character Poem is the earliest seven-character poem in the history of China's poetry. The complete seven-character ancient poems from beginning to end have played a pioneering role in the development of seven-character poems and five-character poems. In AD 133, Zhang Heng was promoted to assistant middle school. Dissatisfied with the power struggle between the consorts and officials in the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was finally pushed out of Beijing by eunuchs and got a job in Hejian State, a fief between Hejian King and Hejian. After Zhang Heng took office, he ruled the country with dignity and rectified laws and regulations. Three years later, he was called an upright official by the court. He died soon after taking office, and an astronomical superstar fell. He made immortal contributions to astronomy and seismology in China. The Voice of Ruan Infantry at the Beginning Ruan Ji (AD 2 10-263) was a famous writer, thinker and heir of Wei in the Three Kingdoms. He used to be the captain of the infantry, so he was called Ruan Infantry. As one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", it is as famous as Ji Kang. Xiao Hu was born, and the five elements of Yin and Yang are "Hu Jin". Ruan Ji is ambitious, open-minded, well-read and talented. Alcoholic, contemptuous of etiquette, arrogant and bohemian in the mountains. When I was young, I had the ambition to help the poor. I once lamented that "without heroes, there would be no heroes, which made Vertical Zi famous". He was dissatisfied with the high-handed politics of Sima Group, so he stayed away from disasters, showed his affection for mountains and rivers, liked Lao Zi and Zhuangzi, and was so tired. Dazhuang Lun is the representative of his philosophy of life, which holds that heaven and earth are born in nature and everything is born in heaven and earth. His representative works with high achievements in literature are 82 five-character poems, most of which are euphemistic attacks on the dark rule and criticisms of feudal ethics and hypocrites. It also expressed the great depression and cynicism of upright people under the rule of terrorist politics, representing the mentality of intellectuals at that time. In terms of expression, due to high-pressure politics, it is impossible to express one's feelings directly and heartily, and even use obscure words and symbols to reveal some decadent emotions. His poems have a far-reaching impact, full of twists and turns, just as someone commented: "Words are in the eyes and ears, and feelings are sent to the table." However, Ruan Ji, as a famous poet at that time, was able to carry forward the fine traditions of Chu Ci and Jian 'an literature in The Book of Songs and made great contributions to the five-character poems in Wei and Jin Dynasties and their subsequent popularity. He is the representative writer of "The Voice of the Beginning". His masterpiece of prose is Biography of Mr. Adult, which shows great dissatisfaction with Confucianism and satirizes the so-called "Mr. Adult". His literary achievements have a far-reaching impact on later generations. Li Shizhen, Li Shizhen (A.D. 15 18- 1593), a "medicine saint", was born in the May 13th year of the lunar calendar, and the five elements of the zodiac belong to the earth tiger. The word East Wall,No. Linhu, Zhou Qiren. Guo Moruo, a famous Chinese medicine practitioner in Ming Dynasty and a late scholar and poet, praised him as a "medical sage". As far as Chinese medicine research is concerned, no one has surpassed him before. Li Shizhen was born in a family with medicine as a profession, and his grandfather was a local famous doctor. Influenced by his family since childhood, Li Shizhen has a keen interest in plants, insects, fish and other creatures. He saw the sufferings of the people seeking medical treatment, and he was frustrated in the examination room three times. So at the age of 22, he decided to engage in medicine all his life and be a good doctor to treat people. He accumulated a lot of medical knowledge and learned a lot of materia medica. In the year when he failed in the exam at the age of 24, he officially began to practice medicine and expressed his determination to practice medicine all his life with poetry: "Sailing against the current, your heart is stronger than iron; I hope my father is old, and I am not afraid of death. "Li Shizhen is a man who is diligent in thinking and dares to explore. After several years of medical practice, he found many mistakes in traditional herbal books, so he made up his mind to rebuild them. He did not fear the difficulties of mountains and rivers, waded in the water, did not eat cold and heat, climbed mountains and mountains, tasted all kinds of herbs and folk remedies, read more than 800 books in Daxing' anling, studied the records of many scholars, and verified the similarities and differences. Compendium of Materia Medica starts from 1552 and is compiled according to the following formula. After three major revisions and thirteen years, this brilliant pharmacological monograph was finally completed. Compendium of Materia Medica, with 52 volumes and a total of1900,000 words, is an immortal monument in the history of Chinese medicine. This book is divided into sixteen parts: water, soil, gold, stone, grass, grain, vegetables, fruits, wood, eye organs, insects, scales, media, animals and people. There are about 1892 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines collected. Among them, 374 kinds were added by Li Shizhen on the basis of summarizing folk prescriptions. There are also prescriptions 1 1096 and illustrations 1 160. Compendium of Materia Medica is a magnum opus with rich contents, exquisite materials, scientific classification and orderly structure in the medical history of China. It is more than 100 years earlier than the natural system of Xiaolan Shen, the founder of western plant taxonomy. In the third year after Li Shizhen's death (1596), the book was first published in Nanjing, which shocked the national medical community. 1606 was introduced to Japan, and 1656 was first translated into Latin in Wigner, with the title Flora of China. Now this book has been translated into many languages abroad, and Li Shizhen's name is well-known and attracts worldwide attention. How to resist foreign invasion by imitating foreigners to control foreigners? Some thinkers once put forward a famous saying, "Learn from foreigners to control foreigners", which was said by Wei Yuan, a scholar, thinker and patriot in Qing Dynasty. Wei Yuan (1794- 1857), formerly known as Yuanda, was born in Jintan, Fuyang, Hunan. Born in the 59th year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, the five elements were called "Muhu". Wei Yuan was influenced by family studies since he was a child. He especially loved reading history, borrowing books everywhere and studying hard. Because of his excellent academic performance, he became a student in the county at the age of seven. 2 1 year-old came to Beijing with his father and was cultivated and instructed by Gong Zizhen, a famous Beijing person at that time. At the age of 29, Zhong You assisted He Changling, the political envoy of Jiangsu Province, in compiling The Scholars. 1840 after the opium war, Wei Yuan, then the shogunate general, took part in the Anti-Japanese War in Dinghai. 1840 In August, after China and Britain signed the treaty of nanking, Wei Yuan wrote Wu Shengji out of patriotism, describing the military history from the establishment of the Qing Dynasty to Daoguang, and describing various tobacco affairs systems. Later, The Records of Four Continents and Historical Records of Past Dynasties translated by Lin Zexu were added as the fiftieth volume of the Atlas of Sea Countries. In this book, Wei Yuan loudly appeals to Chinese people that they must learn advanced science and technology from external factors in order to effectively fight against strategists: "Learn from foreigners to control foreigners"; At the same time, it also strongly refuted the fallacy of the conservative die-hards in the imperial court: that is, the so-called modern machine production was "ingenious, unhealthy and disturbing people's hearts", allowing free factories to manufacture advanced combat weapons such as guns, cannons and ships, and putting forward operational principles such as fear, defense and attack, which represented the progressive trend of thought at that time. Some scholars believe that Wei Yuan's Chart is the starting point for modern China people to seek truth from the West, and it is a patriotic masterpiece with open consciousness. 1845, 52-year-old Wei Yuan, the most farsighted pioneer at that time, won the Jinshi, and was later transferred to various places as a magistrate. In his later years, he lived in Xinghua Temple and devoted himself to studying Buddhist scriptures. 1857 died in Hangzhou. His works include Shu, Shi, Ram and Gu Weiding. The revolutionary pioneer Sun Yat-sen (1866- 1925) was born in Cuixiang Village, Xiangshan, Guangdong. A great pioneer of the democratic revolution, a bourgeois revolutionary. 1892 graduated from Hong Kong College of Western Medicine and used to practice medicine. 1894, he went to Beijing to write to Li Hongzhang, proposing political reform and other ideas. After being rejected, he went to Honolulu to organize the China Association. 1895 10 prepared an armed uprising in Guangzhou, failed, and was forced into exile in Japan. 1905 led the China Association for the Promotion in Japan, jointly organized the China Alliance with the China Association for the Promotion and the Guangfu Association, and was elected as Prime Minister. Later, after repeated discussions with the revolutionaries at that time, he established revolutionary programs such as "expelling Tatars, restoring China, establishing the Republic of China and sharing land rights" and put forward the Three People's Principles of nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood. At the same time, the People's Daily was founded to publicize revolutionary ideas and have a big debate with reformists. He joined the overseas Chinese Party branch and the new army in China and launched many uprisings. 19 1 1 after the Wuchang uprising, he was elected as the interim president; In the second year, because the revolutionaries compromised with Yuan Shikai, they were forced to resign. Later, the League was reorganized into the Kuomintang, and Sun Yat-sen was elected chairman. 19 14, Sinochem Revolutionary Party was founded in Japan, and the following year, it issued the Declaration of Seeking Yuan. 19 17 The National Assembly was dissolved, and Sun Yat-sen organized a government to protect the country in Guangzhou, and was elected as a grand marshal, pledging to the Northern Expedition. 19 18 was forced to leave his job and come to Shanghai because of the intimidation of warlords. In Shanghai, Sun Yat-sen founded "Construction" magazine, announced the experimental plan, and changed China Revolutionary Party into China Kuomintang. 1920, Sun Yat-sen returned to Guangzhou, and the next year, he became a very big president. 1922, Chen Jiongming rebelled against the revolution and retreated to Shanghai. When Sun Yat-sen was defeated and desperate, he got another help and was influenced by the October Revolution in Russia. 1923 suppressed the rebellion in Chen Jiongming, rebuilt the Grand Marshal's Office after returning to Guangzhou, and decided to reorganize the Kuomintang. 1924 1 month, held the first national congress of the Kuomintang, issued a reorganization declaration, and put forward and established three major policies of "uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party and helping the peasants and workers". 1925 1 died in Beijing.