(2) Measures: establish a county system, and the monarch directly sends officials to govern. (2 points)
(3) Evaluation method: We should put the political reform (reform) in the specific historical environment at that time; Adopt productivity standards and practical standards; See if the reform conforms to the historical development trend and promotes social development. (3 points)
This question examines Shang Yang's political reform. During Shang Yang's political reform, a farmer in Qin supported Shang Yang's political reform, because Shang Yang's political reform rewarded plowing, and people who produced more grain, cloth and silk could avoid corvee, which brought tangible benefits to farmers. The measure of Shang Yang's political reform to establish the central government to manage the place is to establish the county system, and the monarch directly sends officials to govern. The way to evaluate the success or failure of major political reforms in history is to put political reforms (reforms) in the specific historical environment at that time; Adopt productivity standards and practical standards; See if the reform conforms to the historical development trend and promotes social development.