1On the night of July 7th, 937, when the Japanese army was exercising near Lugou Bridge in the southwest of Beiping, they asked to enter Wanping County for a search on the pretext that a soldier was "missing", but 29 army, the defender of China, refused. The Japanese army then shot at the defenders of China and shelled the ancient city of Wanping.

The 29th Army rose up against Japan. This is the July 7th Incident that shocked China and foreign countries, also known as the Lugouqiao Incident. The July 7th Incident was the beginning of Japanese imperialism's full-scale war of aggression against China and the starting point of the Chinese nation's full-scale war of resistance.

Extended data:

Historical background:

1, political background:

As early as the Meiji Restoration, while establishing the modern Mikado system, Japan quickly embarked on the path of militarism and formulated a "mainland policy" with China and North Korea as the main targets.

At the beginning of the 20th century, after the Russo-Japanese War, Japan replaced Russia, expanded its colonial power in the northeast of China, stationed the Kwantung Army, established the colonial organization "Nanman Railway Company", and used the northeast as the base for colonial expansion in China.

During the First World War, Japan expanded its attack on China, sent troops to Shandong, and coerced Yuan Shikai to accept the "Article 21" of Japan's annexation of China. After World War I, the Japanese plundered China, Korea and other Asian countries.

To get rid of the political and economic crisis, the China issue was carefully planned at the "Oriental Conference" in 1927. 193 1 08 September 18, the Japanese launched the "September 18th Incident" and attacked the northeast of China, occupying the whole northeast in just over three months.

The following year, the Japanese army attacked Shanghai (the 28 th Incident), and captured a large area of land in North China, threatening Ping Jin, establishing "Manchukuo" in the northeast and "autonomous movement" in North China, hoping to occupy these areas for a long time.

After 1936, the overall strategic plan "National Policy Benchmark" formulated by Japan, Japan held "General Officers' Exercise" to explain to the general officers who participated in the exercise the war deployment for launching an all-out war against China.

Since then, the Japanese army has been sent to the northeast of China, and the elite Kwantung Army has been stationed in the area of Peiping and Tianjin, holding frequent military exercises. 1On July 3, 937, tojo hideki, Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army, proposed to the Japanese government to give China an immediate blow.

Then on July 7th, the July 7th Incident was launched. On July 9, China and Japan reached an oral ceasefire agreement. At the same time, however, Japan dispatched more than 20,000 troops and 100 planes from northeast China and North Korea to North China.

17 In July, the Chief of Staff of the Japanese Army formulated the "Guidelines for Fighting against China when Exerting Force in North China", and the Japanese government decided to mobilize 400,000 troops in the hope of destroying China by force.

1 On the afternoon of July 7th, 937, the 8th Squadron of the 3rd Brigade of the United Front,No.1of the Japanese North China Guard, led by the battalion chief Masataka Shimizu, went to the area between Huilong Temple and Dawayao, close to Lugouqiao, the garrison station in China.

At 7: 30 in the evening, the Japanese army began to exercise. At 22: 40, gunfire came from the Japanese exercise area, and a soldier (Shimura Kijiro) was "missing". The Japanese side immediately requested to enter the ancient city of Wanping, the garrison station in China, for a search.

It was rejected by the 2 1 10 brigade of the 37th Division in 29 army, China. While preparing for the battle, the Japanese army negotiated with China because of "gunfire" and "missing" soldiers. At around 24: 00, Jicha authorities received a phone call from Taihei Matsui, the head of the Japanese secret service in Peiping.

Matsui said: Yesterday, the Japanese army was practicing outside Lugouqiao. When they heard the gunshots, they immediately stopped the team and found a soldier missing. The gunman suspects are China's troops stationed in Lugouqiao. They believe that the gunman has entered the city and demand an immediate search in the city.

China refused, on the grounds that Japanese soldiers entered the city late at night for fear of causing local unrest, and China officers and men were sleeping. Soon, Matsui called the authorities in Kyrgyzstan and said that if the Chinese side did not allow it, the Japanese army would forcibly search the city.

At the same time, the authorities in Kyrgyzstan received a report from Lugouqiao, a garrison in China, saying that the Japanese army had formed a siege attack on the ancient city of Wanping. In order to prevent the situation from getting worse, the authorities of Hebei Province, after consultation with the Japanese side, agreed to jointly send personnel to Lugouqiao for investigation.

At this time, the "missing" soldiers claimed by the Japanese side have returned to the team, but they have not been reported. At about 5 a.m. on July 8, the Japanese launched a shelling, and the 3rd Battalion of 2 19 Regiment, which was guarding Lugou Bridge and Wanping Ancient City, stubbornly resisted under the command of its head Ji Xingwen and battalion commander Jin.

2. Geographical background

Lugou Bridge is located on Yongding River, about15km southwest of Beiping City. It is not only the hub of the south, but also the throat of Beijing. It has been an important transportation hub and cargo distribution center since ancient times.

According to historical records, since the Jin Dynasty, the hinterland of the Central Plains has to stop at Lugou Bridge, which is the only way for Beijing to enter and leave the hinterland of the Central Plains. Once the Japanese invaders occupy Lugou Bridge, Beijing will be a dead city and North China will be at your fingertips.

Wanping Ancient City, built at 1640, is a military fortress to defend Beijing. As a result, the Japanese army attacked the garrison, and the China army resisted at Lugouqiao, which opened the curtain for War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.

Baidu Encyclopedia-July 7th Incident