The right to quench thirst by drinking poison occurred in the early Song Dynasty. In order to strengthen centralization and prevent the imperial army from becoming a yellow robe, Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin repeated the historical drama of the national disaster and the mutiny in Chen Qiao, and usurped their own political power. Therefore, Zhao Kuangyin expressed his views at a banquet, threatening and conniving at both sides, and suggested that senior officers hand over military power. Compared with Emperor Gaozu and Ming Taizu, Zhao Kuangyin is regarded as a model of leniency. Song Taizu's peaceful means of "relieving the soldiers with a glass of wine" relieved the threat of the minister's military power and successfully prevented the coup of the army without hurting the peace of the monarch and his subjects. This is the famous Anne's strategy in history. The idiom "a glass of wine to disarm and return to the field" was later gradually extended to refer to easily relieving the generals of their military power.

Historical background

In the process of ending the situation of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty mainly focused on two issues: first, how to rebuild the centralized autocratic rule, so that the long-standing separatist situation in the buffer regions since the end of the Tang Dynasty no longer appeared; The second is how to make the Zhao and Song Dynasties consolidate for a long time, and no longer become the sixth short-lived dynasty after the Five Dynasties. At the end of the first year of Stegosaurus (960), one day after Song Taizu put down the rebellion of Liu Yun and Li Zhongjin, he summoned Zhao Pu and asked: Why did the emperor change his surname to Eight Kings and Twelve Kings in the last few decades, and the war continued? I want to end the soldiers in the world from now on and build a long-term plan for the country. Is there any good way? Zhao Pu is well versed in governing the country, and he has long considered these problems. After listening to the question, Mao said that the crux of this problem lies in the fact that the town is too heavy and the monarch is weak and the minister is strong. There is no kit kat to manage it. As long as we cut off his power, control his money valley and accept his chosen men, the world will naturally settle down. Before Zhao Pu's words were finished, Song Taizu repeatedly said, "You don't have to say anything more, I understand." . So a plan to rebuild the centralized autocratic system was brewed and gradually put into practice.

In the centralization of power in the Northern Song Dynasty, the most important thing is military power, which is also the first problem to be solved. Fan Jun pointed out in "On the Five Dynasties": "Where the military power is, it will flourish, and where the military power is, it will perish." These words reveal the decisive role played by military forces in the transformation of the political situation since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Zhao Kuangyin was inspected from an officer to the front of the temple, and jumped to the throne of the emperor from the front of the temple, knowing the important role of military power. Therefore, as soon as the Song Dynasty was established, he learned the lesson of the demise of the later Zhou Dynasty and strengthened his control over the imperial army.

In the second year, in view of the fact that the situation was under control at that time, Mao began to take some measures one after another, appointing Mr. Murong, our time commander of Zhenning Army, as the chief commander of Shannan, and the guards and pro-army commanders made Bill Han Chengde. Because the spot check before the temple was the post before Song Taizu joined the yellow robe, it was no longer set up. Shi Shouxin replaced Han Cheng as the bodyguard and commander of the "ma bu" or horse stance just look army. At first, Mao took Shi Shouxin and others as old friends and didn't mind, so Zhao Pu advised him several times: "I'm not worried that they will betray your majesty, but if their subordinates are greedy for money, can they be independent in case of the support of the wicked?" ? These words are actually to remind Song Taizu to remember the mutiny in Chen Qiao and avoid the recurrence of similar incidents. Sure enough, Song Taizu took measures to dismiss the senior generals of the Imperial Army.

Event process

Within six months after Song Taizu (the first emperor of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin) ascended the throne, two people of our time rose up against the Song Dynasty. Song Taizu himself went into battle and had a great effort to pacify them. Song Taizu is always uneasy about this matter. On one occasion, he talked to Zhao Pu alone and asked him, "Since the end of the Tang Dynasty, there have been five dynasties and wars. I wonder how many ordinary people died. What is the reason? "

Zhao Pu said: "The reason is simple. The country is in chaos, and the problem lies in the excessive power of the buffer region. The military power is concentrated in the court, and the world is naturally peaceful. "

Song Taizu nodding, appreciate Zhao Pu said well.

Later, Zhao Pu said to Song Taizu: "Shi Shouxin and Wang Shenqi, two generals of the imperial army, have too much military power, so it is better to transfer them from the imperial army."

Song Taizu said, "Don't worry, these two are my old friends and won't object to me."

Zhao Pu said, "I'm not worried about their defection. But as far as I'm concerned, these two men have no talent as commanders in chief, and they can't control the soldiers below. One day, the people below will make trouble, and I'm afraid they can't control it themselves! "

Song Taizu knocked on his forehead and said, "Thanks to your warning."

After a few drinks, Song Taizu ordered the eunuch standing beside him to go out. He picked up a glass of wine, invited everyone to drink first, and said, "If it weren't for your help, I wouldn't have come to this." But you don't know that it's hard to be an emperor, so it's better to be comfortable. To tell the truth, I haven't had a good sleep in the past year. "A few days later, Song Taizu gave a banquet in the palace and invited several elders such as Shi Shouxin and Wang Shenqi to drink (that was 96 1 year).

Shi Shouxin and others were very surprised and quickly asked what the reason was. Song Taizu said, "Don't you understand? Who doesn't envy the status of the emperor? "

Shi Shouxin and others recognized the voice. Everyone panicked and knelt on the ground and said, "Why did your Majesty say such a thing?" Now that the world is stable, who dares to be half-hearted to your majesty? "

Song Taizu shook his head and said, "I still don't trust you guys? I'm afraid some of your men and soldiers are greedy for money and put you in yellow robes. If you want to quit, can you? "

Hearing this, Shi Shouxin and others felt that disaster was imminent. They kowtowed repeatedly and said with tears in their eyes, "We are all rough people. I didn't expect this. Please show your majesty a way out. "

Song Taizu said, "I think of you. You might as well hand over the relieving power, be an idle official in the local area, buy some farmland houses, leave some property for your children and grandchildren, and spend your old age happily. Wouldn't it be better if I married you and didn't suspect each other? "

Shi Shouxin and others said in unison, "Your Majesty is so considerate to us!"

As soon as the party was over, everyone went home.

The next day, Shi Shouxin, Gao Huaide, Wang Shenqi, Zhang Lingduo, Zhao and so on. Claiming that they were sick, they demanded to be relieved of the military power. Song Taizu readily agreed to let them go to the imperial garrison, served as our time in the local area, and abolished the guards and pro-horse stance just look of the inspection and command department in front of the temple. The imperial army was commanded by the imperial palace command post, the imperial guard army horse command post and the imperial guard cloth command post, which was called Sanya Command. After Shi Shouxin and other generals were relieved of military power, Mao chose other people with junior qualifications, low personal prestige and easy control as imperial generals. The imperial power led the troops into three parts, and the lower generals mastered three words, which meant that the imperial power strengthened its control over the army. Later, Song Taizu also fulfilled his promise, married a senior general of the imperial army, married his widowed sister to Gao Huaide, and later married his daughter to the sons of Shi Shouxin and Wang Shenqi. Zhang Lingduo's daughter married Mao's third brother Zhao.

Historically, this incident was called "a glass of wine to release the rights of soldiers" ("release" means "release").

After a while, some of our envoys came to Beijing to appear before the court (AD 969). Song Taizu held a banquet in the Imperial Garden. Mao said, "You are all old ministers of the country. Now the affairs of the buffer region are so busy, I'm sorry to let you do such a hard job! "

A clever time saver immediately said, "I don't have any contribution, so it's not appropriate to stay in this position." I hope your majesty will let me retire to my hometown. "

And one of our judges is ignorant, boasting about his experience and how much credit he has made. Song Taizu said with a frown, "this is an old score. Why should I mention it? "

After Song Taizu recovered the relieving power of local generals, he established a new military system, selecting elite soldiers from local troops and forming an imperial army under the direct command of the emperor. The local chief executive is also appointed by the imperial court. Through these measures, the newly established Northern Song Dynasty began to move towards stability.

Song Taizu's practice has been used by his successors to this day, mainly to prevent mutiny, but in this way, the soldiers don't know what to do, they don't know what to do, those who can mobilize the army can't directly lead the troops, and those who can directly lead the troops can't mobilize the troops. Although it successfully prevented the coup of the army, it weakened the combat capability of the army, so that the Song Dynasty was defeated again and again in the wars with Liao, Jin and Xixia.

I hope it helps you, Tong Wuji 007, and I will always answer your questions.

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