Hippocrates (Greek? πποκρ? τη? Hippocrates of Coase II in England or Hippocrates of Coase (about 460-377) was a famous doctor in ancient Greece, the founder of European medicine, an ancient Greek physician and the founder of western medicine. He put forward the theory of "body fluid", and his medical views have great influence on the development of western medicine in the future. He died in 377 BC at the age of 83.

Galen (full name Claudius Galenus of Pergamum, 129 ~ 199) is the most famous and influential medical master in ancient Rome, and is regarded as the second medical authority after Hippocrates. Galen is the most famous doctor and anatomist. He devoted his life to medical practice, anatomical research, writing and various academic activities.

Da Vinci (1452 April15-1519 May 2).

Leonardo da vinci has also made great achievements in physiological anatomy, and is known as the originator of modern physiological anatomy. He mastered the knowledge of human anatomy and studied the structure of various parts of the human body from anatomy. He first used wax to express the internal structure of human brain, and was also the first person to imagine making hearts and eyes out of glass and ceramics. He discovered the function of blood, and thought that blood played a metabolic role in the human body, and that blood was constantly circulating. He said that blood constantly transforms the whole body, bringing nutrition to all parts of the body, and then taking away the waste in the body. Leonardo da Vinci studied the heart. He found that the heart has four chambers and drew the heart valve. He believes that one of the causes of death in the elderly is arteriosclerosis, which is caused by lack of exercise.

Andreas vesaliua (andreas vesaliua,15141231-? ) is a famous doctor and anatomist and the founder of modern human anatomy. Vesaliua, as well as Copernicus, is one of the two representatives of the scientific revolution.

Servit (1511~1553) was a Spanish doctor, a natural scientist in the Renaissance and the discoverer of pulmonary circulation.

Jenner (Jenner, Edward; ; 1749 ~ 1823), a British rural doctor, invented and popularized the vaccination method to prevent smallpox.

Austrian doctor J.L. Auenbrugg (1722 ~1809) invented percussion.

Ludwig Carl virchow (1821~1902) is a German medical scientist, politician and anthropologist. The founder of cytopathology, the main spokesman of the early development of modern medicine.

Sigmund freud (1856.5.6-1939.9.23), a Jew, is an Austrian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. The founder of psychoanalysis. He believes that most repressed desires belong to sex, and sexual disorder is the root of mental illness. He has written three papers, including Sexology, Interpretation of Dreams, Totems and Taboos, Psychopathology of Daily Life, Introduction to Psychoanalysis, and Introduction to New Psychoanalysis.

Louis Pasteur (A.D. 1822- 1895) was a French microbiologist and chemist. He studied the species, habits, nutrition, reproduction and function of microorganisms, laid the foundation of industrial microbiology and medical microbiology, and initiated microbial physiology. With this progress, we have made achievements in defeating rabies, chicken cholera, anthrax and silkworm diseases, thus establishing classical immunology.

Laennec (178 1 ~ 1826) is a French doctor. Academician of French Academy of Sciences. He used indirect auscultation for the first time in clinic. At first, he auscultated directly with his ears. Later, he invented the earliest stethoscope and constantly improved it to help diagnose various lung diseases. He attaches great importance to the study of the relationship between clinical manifestations and pathological changes, and has in-depth research on the pathological changes, clinical symptoms and diagnosis of tuberculosis, lung abscess, emphysema, pulmonary gangrene and bronchiectasis. This paper introduces some terms such as rales, bleb sounds and bronchial sheep sounds, and expounds their mechanism and significance in diagnosis. Laennec is good at the diagnosis of chest diseases, and found that tuberculosis is not limited to the lungs, and all organs of the body may suffer from tuberculosis. It is characterized by indirect auscultation.

Joseph (1827 ~ 19 12) is a British surgeon. He believes that the process of wound decomposition is caused by microorganisms. During 1865, he successfully performed complicated fracture surgery with carbolic acid disinfection, and he also disinfected the operating room, operating table, operating site and wound with carbolic acid. And use complicated dressing methods to dress the wound. Anti-corrosion methods greatly reduced the traumatic suppuration and postoperative mortality. However, the infection problem of the wound has not been completely solved. 1886e. Begemann (1836 ~1907) used autoclave for disinfection, and surgery really entered the era of aseptic operation.

Pettenkofer (Pettenkofer, Max Joseph,1818 ~1901) is a German hygienist. Mainly engaged in environmental medicine and epidemiological research, revealing the impact of various natural environmental factors on human health. He made hygiene an exact science.

Florence nightingale (1820 May12-1910 August 13) founded a nursing school, which spread her nursing thoughts, improved nursing status and made nursing a science. She is famous for leading nurses in battlefield rescue during the Crimean War and is known as the "Lantern Goddess". 1908 March 16, at the age of 88, she was awarded the City of London Freedom Award. She is the first real female nurse in the world and started her nursing career. "5. 12" International Nurses' Day is the same festival for nurses all over the world, which was established to commemorate the founder of modern nursing. This day is florence nightingale's birthday.