In August of 203 BC (the fourth year of Emperor Gaozu), Xiang Yu and Liu Bang were at loggerheads in Xingyang for more than two years. Xiang Yu was forced to make peace with Liu Bang because he was caught between Scylla and Charybdis. He is divided into Chu in the East and Han in the West. In September, Xiang Yu returned to the East as agreed. Liu Bang took the advice of Sean and Chen Ping. When Xiang Yu was unprepared, the Chu army was hungry and tired, and suddenly launched a strategic pursuit of the Chu army.

And about Han Xin from qi (now Shandong), from the beam (now northeast Henan) south through the Chu army. In October of five years (the early Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system, and in early October), due to Han Xin's failure to go south as scheduled, Liu Bang pursued the Chu army to Guling (now northwest of Huaiyang, Henan Province), and the Chu army fought back and the Han army was defeated. In order to mobilize Han Xin and Liu Bang, he appointed Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province) as the fief of Han Xin, the king of Qi.

It was named King Liang, and it was divided into Suiyang (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and Gucheng (now Dongan, Shandong Province). In this way, Liu bang finally stopped Han and Peng and made them all go south. At the same time, he ordered Liu Jia to lead a joint army to camp from Huaidi to the north, and the Fifth Route Army launched a final encirclement of Xiang Yu. The battle of Gaixia has begun.

In late October of 202 BC (the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu), Guan Ying led an army into Pengcheng and captured many areas of Chu. Ying Bu, who was named King of Huainan by Liu Bang, also sent troops into Jiujiang, lured the Shoujiang and Zhou Yin, the Chu government, and then joined forces to attack the city in the north (now Yang Guodong, Anhui). Liu Bang also moved eastward from Guling, and the situation was extremely unfavorable to Chu, so Xiang Yu was forced to retreat to the southeast.

1 1 month, Xiang Yu retreated to Gaixia (now southeast of Lingbi, Anhui Province, said to be in Luyi County, Henan Province), built a camp, reorganized the army and restored its military strength. At this time, there are still about 100 thousand people in Chujun.

After Han Xin, Peng Yue and Ying Bu joined Liu Bang, the number of Han troops participating in the war has exceeded 600,000. In December, ten Wan Chu troops retreating to the south of the Yangtze River will be surrounded by layers.

The Han army is led by Han Xin with 300,000 people as the main force, General Kong as the left wing, General Fei as the right wing, Liu Bang in the rear, and Chai Wu and other reserves are on standby behind Liu Bangjun. Han Xin personally led the Han army to attack, and the first attack was frustrated and retreated.

When the Chu army was ready to pursue, the left and right wings of the Han army circuitously attacked the Chu army, and the two armies were deadlocked in hand-to-hand combat. At this moment, Han Xin turned over and fought again with a great army, and the Chu army was defeated in three attacks. Xiang Yu was forced to return to Gaixiacheng.

Although the Chu army was defeated, the Han army suffered heavy casualties. In the stalemate, the Han army sang Chu songs at night. Since Xiang Yu, the Chu army thought that Korea had done its best, but its morale collapsed. Seeing that the tide was gone, Xiang Yu led 800 elite cavalry to break through and fled south by night.

After dawn, the Han army learned that Xiang Yu had broken through and sent five thousand cavalry to pursue him. After Xiang Yu crossed the Huaihe River, only a hundred riders followed him to Yanling (now northwest of Dingyuan County, Anhui Province), where he lost his way and delayed his time (Fu Tian was told to cheat in the history books). Chased by the Han army, Xiang Yu suddenly arrived in Dongcheng (now southeast of Dingyuan, Anhui), leaving only 28 riders.

Xiang Yu commanded twenty-eight riders, rushed back and forth, fought his way out again, and rushed south to Wujiang River (now Wujiangpu, the northeast Yangtze River in Anhui County). He was ashamed to meet his elders in Jiangdong, so he dismounted and fought hand-to-hand with Han. Xiang Yu killed hundreds of Han soldiers by himself and suffered more than ten injuries himself. He finally hanged himself at the age of 38.

After Xiang Yu's death, the Han army wiped out the Eighth Wan Chu Army, and Chu surrendered to Han, but the Lu people who left Xiang Yu intact refused to surrender (Xiang Yu was once named). Later, Liu Bang showed Xiang Yu's head to Lu, and Lu surrendered. So far, the Chu-Han War, which lasted for four and a half years, ended with Liu Bang's victory.

The Battle of Gaixia was a decisive battle in the struggle between Chu and Han. It is not only the end of the Chu-Han struggle, but also the starting point of the prosperity of the Han Dynasty. It was also a landmark turning point in the history of China, which ended the melee in the late Qin Dynasty and unified China.

It laid the foundation for the 400 years of the Han Dynasty. Because of its unprecedented scale and far-reaching influence, it is listed as one of the seven famous ancient battles in the world and has the reputation of "Waterloo of the East". ?

Extended data

War background:

In August of 203 BC (the fourth year of Emperor Gaozu), Emperor Peng Yue of Liang harassed Chu soldiers and cut off their route for providing foodstuff. Xiang Yu led an army to attack Peng Yue and then returned. At this time, Zhong Limei was besieged by the Han army, and the Han army began to flee for fear of Xiang Yu.

At this time, Han Xin, King of Qi, began to lead an army to attack Chu, and Xiang Yu began to feel afraid. As a result, the two sides conducted a famous "gap and negotiation" in history, dividing the world by the canal built by Wei during the Warring States Period.

However, at the suggestion of Sean and Chen Ping, Liu Bang made peace by war, took advantage of Chu Jun's return from the east, and attacked from behind, trying to replace him. So Liu Bang took Sean's advice and sealed a large piece of land near the sea east of Chen to Han Xin, the king of Qi. North of Suiyang to Gucheng was awarded to Peng Yue.

In this way, Liu Bang finally got the touch of Han and Peng with fiefs, so that they all invaded the south. At the same time, Liu Jia led an army to unite with Ying Bu from Huaibei, and the Fifth Route Army * * * launched the final camp of Xiang Yu. The battle of Gaixia has begun.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Battle of Gaixia