I. Land resources
land resources
According to the survey of land use change in Beijing in 2005, the existing land area in Beijing is 65,438+0,646,5438+0,053.70 hectares, accounting for 0.65,438+07% of the total land area in China. The land utilization rate reached 87.05%. Agricultural land1105,495.30 hectares, accounting for 67.37% of the total land area, including cultivated land of 233,400.93 hectares, garden land 124 2 13.93 hectares and forest land of 690,996.6438+0/kloc-. The construction land is 323,022.93 hectares, accounting for 19.68% of the total land area, including 267,894.73 hectares for residential areas and industrial and mining areas, 28,900.98 hectares for transportation and 26,227.22 hectares for water conservancy facilities. The unused land is 2 12535.22 hectares, accounting for 12.95% of the total land area (Figure 1).
Figure1Status of Land Use in Beijing in 2005
In 2005, the area of agricultural land in Beijing decreased by 2 349 hectares compared with last year, with a decrease rate of 0.2 1%. The construction land area increased by 3 300.03 hectares compared with 2004, with a growth rate of 65 438 0.03%. The changes of various land areas are as follows: the cultivated land area decreased by 3 036.28 hectares compared with 2004, with a reduction rate of 65 438 0.28%; Compared with 2004, the garden area increased by 275.88 hectares, an increase of 0.22%; The forestland area increased by 676.09 hectares compared with 2004, with an increase of 0.10%; The grassland area increased by 0.88 hectares compared with 2004, with an increase of 0.04%; The area of residential area and industrial and mining land increased by 1209.46 hectares compared with 2004, with a growth rate of 0.45%.
(2) Land use
1. Agricultural land
With the acceleration of rural urbanization, Beijing's economy maintained rapid development during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, with an average annual GDP growth of 1 1.9%, of which the primary, secondary and tertiary industries increased by 2.7%,1.7% and 12.3% respectively. The primary industry achieved strategic structural adjustment, and urban modern agriculture developed strongly.
At present, the extension of urban development is growing rapidly, the phenomenon of extensive land use has not been reversed, the level of economical and intensive land use is still low, and the problem of how to change the utilization of land resources to focus on connotation and tap potential is still outstanding, which needs great efforts and effective measures to solve. From the statistical data, measures such as giving full play to land resources to participate in economic macro-control have initially appeared. Compared with the same period in 2004, the reduction rate of cultivated land area in Beijing has slowed down (Figure 2).
Figure 2 Change trend of cultivated land area in Beijing in 2005
(1) In 2005, there were four main directions for the decrease of cultivated land: ① construction occupation. All kinds of construction land accounted for 33.06% of the reduced cultivated land area during the year, mainly including the expansion of the Capital Airport, the Sixth Ring Road, the Jingcheng Expressway, the Airport North Line Expressway and other national key projects and Olympic-related key projects. ② Adjustment of agricultural structure. The adjustment of the city's agricultural structure accounted for 54.9 1% of the decrease in cultivated land area during the year, mainly focusing on increasing agricultural efficiency and increasing farmers' income, focusing on promoting ecological agriculture, facility agriculture and foreign exchange earning agriculture, further adjusting the planting and breeding structure of agricultural products and optimizing the rural economic structure. (3) Ecological returning farmland to forest and grassland accounted for 8.03% of the reduced cultivated land area during the year. Ecological conversion of farmland is mainly concentrated in the hilly areas of Huaibei Town in Huairou District, Gezhuang Town in Xitian County and Beizhuang Town in Miyun County. The main reason for destroying cultivated land is the flooding of the river in Dushi Town, Fangshan District. (4) Other reasons reduced the cultivated land, accounting for 4% of the reduced cultivated land area during the year. For example, it is included in the key project of Beijing Municipal Government and the water source control project of Yongding River in Mentougou District.
(2) The balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation has strengthened the work of land development and consolidation and "occupation and compensation balance". The Beijing Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources has issued the Interim Measures for Land Development and Consolidation in Beijing and the Interim Measures for Fund Management of Land Development and Consolidation Projects in Beijing, which provide institutional and institutional guarantee for scientifically, reasonably and continuously promoting land development and consolidation, realizing the balance between occupation and compensation of cultivated land and improving the quality of cultivated land. In 2005, the area of cultivated land supplemented by land consolidation, development and reclamation was 2485.89 hectares, including 686. 17 hectares of land consolidation, 258.47 hectares of land reclamation, 659.03 hectares of land development, 654.09 hectares of agricultural restructuring and 228. 13 hectares of other cultivated land, accounting for 27.60% of the newly-increased cultivated land area in that year respectively. 10.40%,26.5 1%,26.3 1%,9. 18%。 The organization and implementation of these projects have raised the awareness of local people to protect basic farmland and promoted local farmers to increase their income and become rich. In 2005, the total amount of cultivated land occupied by new construction and supplementary cultivated land for land consolidation, development and reclamation was balanced.
2. Construction land
In 2005, 5982.23 hectares of land were actually expropriated (including 920.89 hectares approved by the State Council), including 29 18.93 hectares of cultivated land (including 532. 1 hectare approved by the State Council), and 506 1.34 hectares of land were expropriated for projects approved by Beijing, occupying 3605./. Eight goals of the capital's economic construction and development are guaranteed: ① ensuring the demand of the central government organs and units in Beijing and national defense land; (2) Ensure the land demand of national key projects (such as the eastward expansion project of the Capital Airport); (3) Ensure the land demand for municipal key projects (such as the 2008 Olympic Games venues and supporting infrastructure, the Fifth Ring Road, the Sixth Ring Road, the first and second phases of Beijing, etc.); (4) Ensure the land demand of modern manufacturing, electronics and high-tech industrial projects (such as Mercedes-Benz automobile projects, modern automobile supporting projects and Motorola relocation projects) in this city. ); ⑤ Support the demand for land for economic development and construction in all districts and counties; ⑥ Land demand to ensure the balanced development of the real estate industry in this city; ⑦ Ensure the land demand for urban ecological construction (such as green isolation belt construction, sandstorm source control in Beijing and Tianjin, etc.). ); (8) Ensure the land demand for rural infrastructure construction and old village reconstruction.
Table 1 2005 Construction Land Approval
(3) Land consolidation, reclamation and development
In 2005, there were 160 land consolidation, development and reclamation projects (all approved in 2004 and actually accepted in 2005) with a total investment of14,286,900 yuan. Among them, there are 8 land consolidation projects with a land area of 273.92 hectares; There are 34 land development projects/kloc-0, with a land area of 1 556.80 hectares; 18 land reclamation project with an area of 93.77 hectares; The investment amount is 6.2748 million yuan, 1.37925 million yuan and 4.265438+0.96 million yuan respectively (see table 2).
Table 2 Completion of Land Consolidation, Development and Reclamation Projects in 2005
Two. mineral resources
(A) the status of mineral resources
By the end of 2005, 26 kinds of minerals (including minerals) 126 have been discovered in the city, including 22 kinds of solid minerals 122 and 4 kinds of water gas minerals, mainly coal, iron and building nonmetals. See Table 3 for specific resource reserve data.
Table 3 Summary of Major Mineral Resources Reserves in 2005
(two) geological exploration investment and exploration results
The investment in geological exploration in Beijing in 2005 was 13370.05438+00000 yuan, 70.68% less than that in 2004. Among them, the central government allocated 88.9257 million yuan (including 7.84 million yuan for mineral resources compensation), an increase of 33.38% over 2004, and domestic enterprises and institutions invested 44.7744 million yuan, a decrease of 88.48% over 2004. At the end of the year, there were 1342 employees, a year-on-year increase of 24.37%, including 795 technicians, a year-on-year increase of 25.39%. Workload of mechanical coring drilling 1, 3 16m, decreased by 98.3% year on year. 23 1 geological data. Among them, there are 25 solid mineral exploration data, 25 environmental reports 173 and 2 geological research reports.
(3) Exploration, development and utilization of mineral resources
1. Issue exploration license and mining license.
According to the Notice of the General Office of the Beijing Municipal People's Government on Forwarding the Opinions of the Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources on Strengthening the Management of Mineral Resources (Beijing Zhengban [2005]15), the short-term objectives of the management of mineral resources in Beijing are: gradually reduce the exploitation of solid minerals, and cancel the mining licenses of three varieties that have stopped mining before the end of 2005; Mines in the forbidden mining area and solid mines such as coal mines, iron mines and limestone mines that fail to reach the minimum mining scale shall be closed within a time limit; Geothermal and mineral water exploitation is limited; Strive to reduce the number of solid mines by 70% by the end of 2007. In 2005, it is planned to reduce the mining license by 30%, and at the same time, the approval procedures for mining mineral resources have been adjusted, and the licensing items for mining mineral resources originally approved by the district and county land and resources departments have been adjusted to be approved by the Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, and the mining right extension projects have been reported to the municipal government for approval.
By the end of 2005, there were 2 10 valid licenses for mining and exploration of mineral resources (mining license 162, exploration license 48), approved registered area 159.37 square kilometers, and mining area use fee1670,000 yuan. Compared with the same period in 2004, the total number of certificates issued has decreased by 74.85%, and the work of rectifying and standardizing the order of mineral resources exploration and development in the city has achieved initial results.
In the valid mining license, energy minerals 1 17, including coal 6 1 and geothermal 56; 1 1 ferrous minerals; 3 Non-ferrous metal minerals; 17 nonmetallic minerals (17 marl); Water and gas minerals 14, approved registered area 104.84 square kilometers, mining right use fee157,000 yuan.
Among the valid exploration licenses, there are 44 geothermal energy minerals and 4 water and gas minerals, with an approved registration area of 54.53 square kilometers and a mining right use fee of 1.0000 yuan.
The issuance of effective mineral resources exploration licenses and mining licenses can be divided into:
(1) During the registration and issuance of mining licenses, there are 20 state-owned enterprises, 69 collective enterprises, 5 joint-stock cooperative enterprises, 20 limited liability companies, 3 joint-stock companies, 7 private enterprises, 4 joint ventures (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) and 4 Sino-foreign joint ventures.
(2) There are 5 state-owned enterprises, 3 collective enterprises, joint-stock cooperative enterprises 1 family, 20 limited liability companies, 6 joint-stock companies, 3 private enterprises, 6 other enterprises, 2 joint ventures, 0 Chinese-foreign cooperative enterprises 1 family, and 0 foreign-funded enterprises 1 family.
2. The basic situation of the development and utilization of mineral resources
By the end of 2005, there were 448 solid mining enterprises and mineral water enterprises in * * *, 286 fewer than in 2004. Among them, there are 396 solid mining enterprises and 52 mineral water enterprises. There are 60 geothermal development units. Among the mines that exploit solid minerals, there are 22 state-owned mines, accounting for 4.33% of the total number of mines in the city; Collective mines 192, accounting for 37.8% of the total number of mines in the city.
In 2005, there were 33,300 mining employees in Beijing, a decrease of 220,000 compared with 2004. Among them, there are 4 1000 state-owned enterprises, accounting for 123 1% of employees, and 9,400 collective enterprises, accounting for 28.23% of employees.
In 2005, the total output value of Beijing's mining industry was 37,465.438 billion yuan, a decrease of 787 million yuan compared with 2004. Among them, the output value of state-owned mining enterprises 1.08 1 100 million yuan, accounting for 28.9% of Beijing's total mining output value, mainly coal mines, with a per capita output value of 262,800 yuan. The output value of non-state-owned mines is 2.66 billion yuan, and the per capita output value is 9 1 10000 yuan.
Third, the land and resources market.
(A) the land market
1. Land market construction
Actively participate in macro-control to ensure the stable economic and social development of the capital. Since the decision to participate in macro-control of land resources was resolutely implemented, Beijing's land supply has been guaranteed under the premise of being controllable throughout the year.
(1) actively reform the supply system of state-owned construction land in Beijing. In order to strengthen the role of land resources in economic macro-control, in 2005, the municipal government promulgated the Measures for the Supply of State-owned Construction Land in Beijing (for Trial Implementation) (J.F.J. [2005] No.6), and the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources correspondingly promulgated the Measures for the Paid Use of State-owned Land for Enterprises in Beijing (J.D.Y. [2005] No.534) and the Measures for the Bidding of Land for First-level Development and Management Projects in Beijing.
(2) The Beijing Land Supply Plan for 2005 (Trial) has been compiled. This is the first standardized, scientific and practical annual land supply plan, and at the same time, supporting documents such as document notice, implementation opinions, district and county index decomposition scheme, and land supply assessment standards are issued. The implementation of "Beijing 2005 Annual Land Supply Plan (Trial)" and related supporting documents has provided a clear basis for Beijing's annual land supply and a strong guarantee for participating in macro-control.
(3) Increase the recovery of idle land after supply. In 2005, a survey was carried out to clean up the idle land after supply. On the basis of preliminary investigation, 45 land transfer contracts of Beijing Hengyuan Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. Longfeng Apartment, Morgan Center and other idle land projects (land area of 67.02 hectares) were cancelled in two batches and treated differently.
2. Primary land market
In 2005, compared with the same period in 2004, the area of Beijing's state-owned land use right transfer (actually signed contracts) decreased by 74.20%, and the land transfer area basically fell back to the general level of land transfer in early 2000. The main reasons for the decrease are: first, in 2004, a number of problems left over from history were dealt with, and a large number of commercial land were released in advance; Second, under the guidance of a series of policies and measures, such as macro-control, the government stepped up regulation and control, and the agreed transfer of operating land was strictly controlled.
In 2005, Beijing * * sold 743 cases of state-owned land (actually signed), with a land area of 1606.36 hectares and a transaction price of 9.9 billion yuan. The land for business projects is all allocated in the form of "bidding, auction and hanging" market, with a land area of 1, 892 1 hectare, and the transaction price is.
In 2005, land was allocated 142 cases, covering an area of 657.49 hectares, with a year-on-year increase of 45. 1%.
Figure 3 The area of state-owned land supply and transfer over the years
According to the use of state-owned land, it is divided into commercial service land of 256. 19 hectares, industrial and mining storage land of 944.43 hectares, public facilities land of 0.33 hectares, public building land of 30.70 hectares and residential land of 374.7 1 hectare (including villa and high-grade apartment land of1.48 hectares).
Figure 4 The area of state-owned land transfer in 2005 (by land use type)
3. Secondary land market
(1) Transfer In 2005, the transaction volume of land transfer continued to show an upward trend. * * The land use right was transferred for 27/kloc-0 cases, with a transfer area of 708.43 hectares and a transfer fee of 65.438+03.284 billion yuan, an increase of 35.24% in area and 90.73% in transfer amount compared with the same period in 2004.
The transfer direction of land area is mainly industrial and mining storage (industrial land), followed by ordinary commercial houses in residential land, accounting for 49. 19% and 37.03% of the total transfer area respectively.
(2) Land mortgage The land use right was mortgaged for 690 1 case, with a mortgage area of 6,335.94 hectares and a mortgage price of 304.428 billion yuan (including overground objects), which increased by 12.44% and 46.96% respectively compared with the same period in 2004 (Figure 5).
Figure 5 Land transfer and mortgage area in 2005 1999
(2) exploration and mining rights market
1. Mining rights market construction
In 2005, in order to implement the spirit of the National Conference on Mineral Resources Management and the requirements of "Opinions on Further Strengthening Mineral Resources Management" forwarded by the municipal government, the management of mineral resources was strengthened. Over the past year, the city has restricted the exploitation of other mineral resources except geothermal energy, and no new mining licenses have been issued. The exploitation of solid mines has gradually decreased, and the relevant departments of the city have actively cooperated with the rectification of illegal sand mining and the closure of clay brick kilns in the city. At the same time, increase the crackdown on illegal activities such as unlicensed mining and illegal exploitation of mineral resources. By the end of 2005, 380 solid mining enterprises had been closed, accounting for 45% of the total number of 842 solid mines.
2. Primary market of exploration and mining rights
Beijing Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources has formulated the Interim Measures for Paid Transfer of Mining Rights in Beijing in accordance with the Mineral Resources Law, Measures for the Administration of Registration of Mineral Resources Exploration Blocks, Measures for the Administration of Registration of Mineral Resources Exploration and Mining, and Measures for the Administration of Bidding, Auction and Listing of Exploration and Mining Rights, and actively promoted the reform of Beijing's mining rights transfer system. In 2005, * * * confirmed the exploration right of 14 geothermal exploration project, with the contract amount of 1.46 million yuan; Six mining rights contracts, with the amount of 1, 0 1, 000 yuan, have effectively promoted the construction of paid transfer system of mining rights in Beijing.
Four. Investigation and handling of illegal cases
(a) to investigate and deal with illegal land cases
In order to conscientiously implement the State Council's decision on deepening reform and strict land management, in 2005, Beijing vigorously investigated and dealt with cases of illegal land use, focusing on seriously investigating and dealing with illegal cases such as illegal land grant and land occupation, and earnestly strengthening the law enforcement of land management. It has played a deterrent and warning role for those who disturb the normal order of land management. The phenomenon of blatant illegal occupation and disposal of land, flagrant violation of planning and large-scale illegal occupation of land has been significantly reduced.
In 2005, Beijing investigated and dealt with 327 cases of illegal land use (Figure 6), involving a land area of 466. 15 hectares, a year-on-year decrease of 35.8%. Among them, cultivated land was 263.38 hectares, a year-on-year decrease of19.3%; Cultivated land accounts for 56.5% of the land area involved, which is 1 1.54% higher than that in 2004.
2 19 cases of illegal land were put on file for investigation (including 59 cases of hidden leakage over the years), down 17.98% year-on-year, involving 396.58 hectares of land, down 40.48% year-on-year, including 224.06 hectares of cultivated land, down 23.04% year-on-year.
Closed 143 cases (including 75 cases not closed in 2004), accounting for 65.30%, up 15.49 percentage points over the same period in 2005. Demolition of 66,000 square meters of buildings, confiscation of 0.010.9 million square meters of buildings, recovery of 66 1 hectare of land, and collection of fines 1. 1.9497 million yuan.
Figure 6 Investigation and Handling of Illegal Land Cases in 2004 1999
The reasons for illegal land use cases are as follows: ① Some townships and village cadres have an incomplete understanding of Scientific Outlook on Development, are not determined to implement it, have a weak sense of using land according to law, lack a sense of long-term sustainability, lack a correct understanding of the relationship between economic development and the protection of cultivated land and rational use of land, unilaterally understand and pursue "political achievements", and illegally occupy land for various real estate development or tourism projects in the name of economic development; (2) Some major projects, such as infrastructure, public utilities and Olympic projects, which are closely related to the economic and social development of the country, city and district (county), occupy construction land in order to catch up with the schedule, resulting in problems such as occupying (building) before doing it, and occupying (building) while doing it. (3) The relevant supporting laws and regulations on agricultural transfer, small towns and green belt construction are not perfect, which makes some land-using units illegally use land in the name of agricultural transfer, small towns and green belt construction; (4) Because the current land expropriation compensation and resettlement policy can't fundamentally solve the social security problem of landless peasants in the later period, some peasants are worried that they will lose their jobs and lack living security after land expropriation, and they are unwilling to apply for land expropriation, but mostly rent collective land in the form of "collecting land by rent"; ⑤ The power of law enforcement supervision is relatively weak.
(two) to investigate and deal with illegal cases of geology and mineral resources
In order to fully implement the spirit of Notice of the State Council on Comprehensively Rectifying and Standardizing the Order of Mineral Resources Development (Guo Fa [2005] No.28), Beijing Municipality issued the Notice of the General Office of Beijing Municipal People's Government on Strengthening the Rectification and Standardizing the Order of Mineral Resources Development (Zheng Jing Ban Fa [2005] No.53), making it clear that the whole city will comprehensively rectify and standardize the order of mineral resources development with coal, iron, sandstone and other minerals as the focus. In order to further clarify and refine the responsibilities of relevant municipal departments and district/county governments, a specific work plan was formulated, and the task of rectifying and standardizing the order of mineral resources development was decomposed into specific departments and district/county governments, and a target responsibility system for rectifying and standardizing the work was established. Five systems, such as illegal case reporting system, major case supervision and accountability system, liaison system and information exchange, have been formulated, and the law enforcement of mineral resources has been continuously strengthened.
In 2005, Beijing * * * filed 202 cases of illegal mining, an increase of nearly 64.2% over the same period in 2004, all of which were illegal mining cases; This year, the case was closed 195, and the mining fine was 1.68 1.6 million yuan, an increase of 37. 10% over the same period in 2004.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) administrative reconsideration of land and resources
In 2005, there were 8 applications for administrative reconsideration, all of which belonged to other types. This year, 8 applications were concluded and all of them were withdrawn.
Six, land and resources management institutions and personnel training
By the end of 2005, there were 638 employees in Beijing's land and resources management, including 44 with postgraduate degree or above, 504 with bachelor's degree or junior college degree, 79 with high school or technical secondary school degree, and junior high school education or above1person, accounting for 86% of all employees (Figure 7).
Figure 7. Composition of academic qualifications of land and resources management practitioners in 2005
In 2005, the administrative expenditure was 787,664,700 yuan, including central finance 10654.38+0.2 million yuan, local finance 553 122 10000 yuan, and other income133426 million yuan.
In 2005, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources systematically participated in the training of various institutions for more than two weeks, and the number of graduates or graduates was * * * 3 16, accounting for 49.53% of the total number of employees. Among them, 44 people studied in the Party School, 5 people studied in the School of Administration/KLOC-0, and 257 people from other institutions participated in academic education and training.
By the end of 2005, a total of 126 students from Beijing Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources had systematically participated in the academic education of various institutions, including graduate students 1 student, 9 master students, 73 undergraduates and 43 junior college students.
Seven. Problems and suggestions
1. Problems in land management
In recent years, Beijing has done some work in strengthening land management and made some achievements. At the same time, we also clearly see that there are still many problems in the current work, mainly in the following aspects.
(1) Illegal land use still occurs in the whole city. The latest satellite remote sensing monitoring shows that under the general situation of increasing law enforcement and stricter land management, some districts and counties still find new illegal land occupation behaviors.
(2) The overall efficiency of land use is not high enough, which is mainly manifested in that the utilization of land resources and the strict implementation of input-output benefit evaluation are not effective enough, and extensive land use still exists.
(3) Land management needs to be improved, and basic work needs to be further strengthened. Due to the system and mechanism of land management for many years, the land management team in the city is relatively weak and its quality needs to be improved. There is still a certain gap in applying high-tech management ideas and means to implement scientific, legal and standardized land management, and the basic work still needs to be further strengthened and consolidated.
The Eleventh Five-Year Plan period is a crucial period for the development of the capital, during which large-scale activities such as the 2008 Olympic Games and the 60th anniversary celebration of the founding of the People's Republic of China will be held. At the same time, Beijing's economic development is in the stage of strategic adjustment of industrial structure, development of social undertakings, improvement of ecological environment and acceleration of suburban urbanization. In the next few years, the demand for construction land in Beijing will still show a strong growth trend. Faced with this situation, in view of the outstanding problems existing in current land management, we need to adhere to Scientific Outlook on Development, persist in saving and intensive land use, and realize the sustainable development of economy and society.
2. Suggestions on strict land management
According to the actual situation in Beijing, we have the following three suggestions for deepening reform and strict land management.
(1) In order to implement the spirit of the State Council's Reply on Beijing's Master Plan and make efforts to closely link the master plan of land use with Beijing's master plan and the outline of the 11th Five-Year Plan, after nearly one year's efforts, the revised outline of Beijing's master plan of land use has been basically completed. It is hoped that the overall land use planning in Beijing will be accepted as soon as possible, so as to facilitate the synchronous, orderly connection and coordinated implementation of the "three regulations" in the city.
(2) In view of the serious shortage of land reserve resources in Beijing, it is difficult to determine the amount of cultivated land, especially basic farmland, in the new round of overall land use planning. It is suggested that the relevant departments in the State Council can study and consider launching a pilot project of ex situ land development and consolidation in Beijing, so as to realize the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation, and hope to get guidance and help from the relevant state ministries and commissions.
(3) The current land management laws and regulations are not perfect, which can't adapt to the new situation and new problems in the current economic and social development, such as the strong demand for collective construction land circulation in the construction of new socialist countryside, the problems above villagers' houses in the construction of new countryside, the distribution of "homestead" for farmers to live and operate, and the use of state-owned land has changed from the original allocated land (residential buildings run enterprises, companies, office buildings and other administrative buildings run commercial industries, etc.).