Princess Wencheng of Emperor Taizong and the pro-Tubo.
Princess Wencheng, queen of Han nationality,
There are 3800 different kinds of food.
Consolidate Tibet's grain base.
Princess Wencheng, queen of Han nationality,
5,500 craftsmen brought different handicrafts,
It opened the door to the development of Tibetan arts and crafts.
Princess Wencheng, queen of Han nationality,
There are 5500 different kinds of livestock.
In this way, cheese and butter in Tibet will be harvested every year.
Although Princess Wencheng and Princess Jincheng are imperial daughters, not the emperor's own daughters, they have a high status in Tubo.
Princess Wencheng and Princess Jincheng married Tubo Zampa, both of whom were pro-Tubo when the Tang Dynasty gained power.
The Tubo classic mkas-pavi-dgav-ston records that "Songzan Gambu was crowned as a princess and made a queen."
Princess Wencheng, a female imperial clan in the Tang Dynasty (not the daughter of the emperor). Dunhuang Tubo historical documents record: "Princess Zanmeng Wencheng was welcomed to the land of Tubo by Gardong Zanyu Song." "When the Year of the Sheep (AD 683) ... winter, sacrifice to Princess Zanmeng Wencheng."
(Princess Jincheng, daughter of the imperial clan in the Tang Dynasty, daughter of Wang Yong Li Shouli. Dunhuang Tubo historical documents record: "In the Year of the Dog (AD 7 10) ... Princess Zanmeng went to Luodian", "In the Year of the Rabbit (AD 739) ... Princess Zanmeng Jincheng died in year of the snake (AD 74 1) ... at the expense of two people. )
(Scholars such as Yao Wang pointed out that Zanmeng is like Meng Jue and Zhu Meng. When they are used to address Zambo's women, there is no difference in their titles: "btsan mo", "Zhu Meng" and "jo mo". Zhu Meng wrote it at the end of his life. )
In the records of Dunhuang Tubo historical documents, it is to worship the Tubo Queen and enjoy the treatment of people who are not inferior to the Tubo Queen when they sacrifice after death. Both Princess Wencheng and Princess Jincheng have this treatment, but only Princess Wencheng has this treatment among the women who Songzan Gambu.
There are few absurd elements in some Tubo historical materials, such as Bhrikuti Devi of Nipolo, Tubo documents in Dunhuang, and Tubo inscriptions, as well as records in Chinese historical materials. There are all Songzan Gambu marrying Princess Wencheng, but there are no Songzan Gambu marrying Nipolo. The marriage between Songtsan Gampo and Nibo Bhrikuti Devi only comes from some chapters of some absurd novels in some Tibetan books (such as some chapters of books such as History among Columns (Guanyin in Tibet) and A Story of the King of Tibet). There is even a foreign Tibetan scholar who wrote about Songzan Gambu's wife, saying that the marriage between Songzan Gambu and Nipolo Bhrikuti Devi is fictitious. In fact, the status of Nirvana Bhrikuti Devi is relatively low.
In the battle of Songzhou, Tang Jun defeated the Tubo army, Songzan Gambu withdrew his troops to apologize, Tubo withdrew from the Tangut, and Bai Lanqiang and Tu Guhun in Qinghai. The Tang Dynasty controlled Longyou in Hexi for a long time, and gradually expanded to the western regions (Anxi Beiting). The Tang Dynasty had an advantage over Tubo, became a princess and married Songzan Gambu.
Tang Xiujing and Chen Daci led Tang Jun to defeat the Tubo army, and the Tang Dynasty controlled Hexi Longyou for a long time in Anxi Beiting. The Tang Dynasty had an advantage over Tubo. Princess Jincheng kissed Tubo and married Kridê Zukzain (Chide Zuzan).
Don't overestimate the role of craftsmen and technology brought by relatives. Even without relatives, Tubo can introduce craftsmen and technology from Central Asia and South Asia. Tang, Turkic and Tubo all achieved the achievements of other civilizations through Central Asia. Moreover, after the marriage, although some craftsmen and technologies were introduced from the Tang Dynasty and also from Central Asia and South Asia, Tubo was still "not sharp, not refined in armour and insensitive to materials".
The Nepalese princess's name is Nipo Bhrikuti Devi. In fact, Nipero Bhrikuti Devi's status is relatively low, but she was artificially tampered with and elevated by later esoteric religions. Once upon a time there was a king of Nepal. However, in the original historical materials of Han, Tibetan and Nipolo, there is no saying that Songzan Gambu married Nibo Bhrikuti Devi. Tibetan Buddhism in Songzan Gambu period was not a esoteric religion in Tibetan areas in later generations. Later, with the rise of Buddhism esotericism, Songzan Gambu married Nipolo Bhrikuti Devi only in some Tibetan books (many of which are absurd), and later some books were copied.
Young Songzan Gambu is determined to establish friendship with the Tang Dynasty. In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), the first batch of Tubo envoys visited Chang 'an, and the Tang Dynasty envoys returned to Tubo soon, which became a good start for the friendly relations between the two nationalities. Songzan Gambu sent a valuable gift to propose to the Tang royal family, but Emperor Taizong refused. In 638 AD, Tang Jun defeated the Tubo army in the battle of Songzhou. Song Zan was afraid of dry cloth, led the troops out of Tangut, Bai Lanqiang and Qinghai Tuguhun, sent envoys to apologize, demanded marriage, gave them to Lu Dongzan as a gift, and donated 5,200 yuan to knowledgeable person since Yu Bao. Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty married Princess Wencheng, a female imperial clan, to Songzan Gambu.
Princess Wencheng married Tubo.
In the fifteenth year of Zhenguan (64 1), Emperor Taizong ordered Li Daozong, king of Jiangxia, to escort Princess Wencheng into Tubo. The princess carried a lot of silk and handicrafts, as well as 60 kinds of history books, architectural and technical works, 100 kinds of medical prescriptions, 5 kinds of diagnostic methods, 6 kinds of medical instruments and 4 kinds of medical works. It also brought cold-resistant and drought-resistant turnip (commonly known as kohlrabi) seeds and other grains. They also brought scribes who were familiar with the books they brought, craftsmen who made all kinds of articles, wet nurses, ladies-in-waiting, bands and so on.
Songzan Gambo personally went to the eastern border of Tubo to meet the princess.
Songzan Gambo personally went to the eastern border of Tubo to meet the princess. When the princess arrived in Logue, Tibetans dressed in festive costumes greeted Zanmeng (Tibetan queen) from afar. Songzan Gambu said: "My father and ancestors did not intermarry with BCC. I am deeply honored to marry Princess Datang.
Build a city for the princess to show off future generations. "He built a Tang-style palace for the princess in Romania. Songzan Gambu also put on Tang costumes, sent aristocratic children to Chang 'an to study poetry books, and hired Tang Dynasty scribes to master documents related to the Tang Dynasty. Many Tubo people who went to Chang 'an to study have made great achievements, such as Tang Gaozong's Tubo envoy conformity and Tang Zhongzong's envoy Ming Xi, both of whom are famous scholars in China.
He has made important contributions to people in Xizang.
Princess Wencheng lived in Tubo for nearly 40 years (died in 680) and did a lot of work for the friendship between the two nations. The craftsmen who went to Tibet with the princess introduced the production technologies of farm tools manufacturing, textile, silk reeling, construction, paper making, wine making, pottery making, grinding and metallurgy from the Central Plains to Tibet. Before Tubo, the agricultural technology was rough, the land was not flat, there was no boundary, there was no building, and it was easy to lose water and soil. After the introduction of Han agricultural technology, Tibetan working people began to open up wasteland and furrow, and the fields crisscrossed, greatly increasing the output. The water mill brought by the princess is very popular with the working people. The princess and her maid also taught Tibetan women the techniques of textile and embroidery.
Songzan Gambo and Princess Wencheng have made great contributions to the friendship between the Han and Tibetan nationalities and the social progress in Tibet. Today, the Potala Palace and Jokhang Temple in Lhasa are also dedicated to the statues of Songzan Gambo and Princess Wencheng. The Potala Palace still preserves the remains of their wedding bridal chamber. The legend of Liu Tang in front of Jokhang Temple was planted by the princess herself. Tibetan history books have devoted a lot of space to recording the story of the princess.
Princess Wencheng was ordered by her father to bring a large number of guards, ladies-in-waiting, craftsmen and artists, as well as a large number of silks and satins, classics, medical books, food and so on.
From Chang 'an to the west, through Gansu, to Qinghai, through Sun Moon Mountain, through Daheba, to the source of the Yellow River. In order to ensure the princess a pleasant journey, Emperor Taizong ordered the imperial court to build roads and bridges, build boats and rafts, build Buddhist temples and open passages along the way. Songzan Gambu personally led Manchu officials and a large group of people to meet their relatives in Baihai (now Zhaling Lake and Eling Lake) and held a welcoming ceremony here. Then, Songzan Gambo and Princess Wencheng went to Luodian to get married hand in hand. Princess Wencheng not only sowed the seeds of Sino-Tibetan friendship on her way to Tibet, but also left many places of interest and beautiful legends. Princess Wencheng's marriage to Tubo not only opened a very important and far-reaching first page in the history of the ancient Tang-Tubo road, but also went down in history as an important event between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo.