In Shang Dynasty, one foot was 16.95cm. According to this amount, people were about ten feet tall, so they were called "husbands".
One foot 23. 1cm in the Zhou dynasty.
One foot in the Qin Dynasty was about 23. 1cm.
One foot in the Han Dynasty was about 2 1.35-23.75 cm.
Woodworking in Ming and Qing dynasties was 3 1. 1cm.
Extended data:
In ancient China, rulers were used to measure the length, and the common units were feet and inches. Rulers exist in ancient and modern times, but the quantity (actual length) is different.
Later, units of length less than one inch appeared, namely: minute (one tenth of an inch), centimeter (one tenth of a minute), milli (one tenth of a centimeter), second (also called "silk" after the Song Dynasty, one tenth of a milli), sudden (one tenth of a second) and micro (one tenth of a second).
A ruler for measuring length in ancient China. It was first seen in Shang Dynasty. The quotient scale handed down from ancient times is about 16 ~ 17 cm today. Based on 193 1 bronze ruler unearthed from Jincun ancient tomb in Luoyang, Henan Province and "Shang Yang measuring ruler", it is proved that one foot is about 23 cm long. There are 8 rulers unearthed in the Western Han Dynasty, the measured length is between 23-23.6 cm, with an average of 23.2 cm for each ruler.
According to the comprehensive analysis of various materials, the length of Xin Mang ruler is about 23.65438 0 cm. There are many rulers that have been handed down since the Eastern Han Dynasty, and only 40 have been unearthed. Their shapes can be roughly divided into the following categories: ① copper rulers with bird and beast patterns, ② copper rulers with geometric patterns, and ③ bones with circles as rulers. The error of the measured ruler length in the Eastern Han Dynasty is not big. Except for a few branches shortened due to slight disability, the others are all between 23 and 24 cm, with an average length of 23.4 cm.
Dynasty change:
After the Han Dynasty, the number of copper rulers decreased obviously, and they were mostly replaced by bone rulers and wooden rulers. Rulers in this period were simple in shape and were not decorated with various patterns, so they were practical tools for the people. Compared with the previous generation, it pays more attention to the division accuracy of minute and inch lines. The length of the ruler is slightly increased, about 24 ~ 24.5 cm.
There were few rulers left in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. According to Li's fifteen feet, we can know that each foot in the Southern Dynasties was about 24.5 ~ 25 cm. The scale of the Northern Dynasties increased greatly, with 27.8 cm in the front, 28 cm in the middle and 29.9 cm in the back. Based on the physical evidence seen in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it can be seen that the rulers of the Southern Dynasties were indeed shorter than those of the Northern Dynasties, about 25 cm long, and increased to more than 30 cm in the late Southern Dynasties.
The Sui Dynasty adopted the weights and measures added in the Southern Dynasties as a unified foundation, with a length of about 30 cm. There are nearly 50 kinds of rulers preserved in the Tang Dynasty, mainly copper rulers and tooth rulers. Carved rulers (including wood and iron) are mostly used by the people in daily life, and carved rulers are gifts given by the imperial court to ministers and envoys of various countries during the Sino-Japanese Festival. They are exquisitely made and brightly colored.
Today, there are six tooth shifting rulers. The length of the Tang ruler is mostly between 29 and 30 centimeters.
Following the Tang system in the Song Dynasty, the official ruler was made by Taifu Hall, which was mainly used for collecting cloth and silk, so it was also called three-silk cloth and silk ruler, with a length of about 3 1.6 cm per foot. According to Zhu Zaiyu, Prince of the Ming Dynasty, there are three kinds of rulers in the Ming Dynasty:
① The banknote ruler, that is, the cutting ruler, is flush with banknote paper (34 cm long).
② The bending ruler, that is, the construction ruler, is flush with the ink edge of the banknote (32 cm long).
③ The copper ruler of Baoyuan Bureau, that is, the measuring ruler, is longer than the ink edge of banknotes and shorter than the paper edge of banknotes, which is 9 inches and 6 minutes (32.6 cm long). Jiajing dental ruler handed down from ancient times, with precise lines and a length of 32 cm per foot, is the official standard of the Ming Dynasty.
The building in Qing Dynasty was 32 cm long. The "Kangxi Emperor System" engraved by the Museum of Chinese History is 3.2 cm long per inch, which is exactly the same as that of the Qing Dynasty on the bronze ruler of Zijinshan Observatory. The tailor's ruler in Qing Dynasty was1.11,which was equal to 35.55 cm.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Ancient Ruler of China
The ruler is short, inches long, the composition ruler is short, inches long, the rainbow is beautiful, and life is short; This stone bridge has a long life, but its shape is not beautiful.
What is commendable is that they respect and praise each other instead of exposing each other's shortcomings with their own advantages.
Isn't this beautiful fable telling us that "the feet are short and the inches are long"? Everyone can't be perfect, nor can they be worthless.
Although the ruler is longer than an inch, it is sometimes not long enough; Although the inch is shorter than the ruler, it is also useful when playing.
"Gold is not full of red, jade is slightly flawed" and "fools get what they think" all illustrate this truth.
There is an interesting record in Historical Records. One day, Liu Bang and Han Xin chatted. Liu asked, "Who can love Qing and who can love me?" Han said, "If you lead the troops, you are not as good as me. It is good to believe that there will be more soldiers.
"Liu asked again," Why is Qing still under my control? " Han said, "It's hard to trust a good general.
"Han Xin's answer is really wonderful, is to maintain the face of the emperor Lao zi, to tell the truth, everyone has his own strengths. No wonder Liu Bang laughed with pride.
Edison and Einstein are both great scientists, but the former is good at invention and creation, while the latter is good at theoretical research.
If any nosy person insists on avoiding its strengths and taking its weaknesses, forcing one of them to engage in theoretical research of nuclear physics and the other to engage in the invention of practical items, then the development of human civilization will be delayed for many years! Among our classmates, there are top-notch subjects and everything is handsome, but I'm afraid it's rare. Most students have both "long" subjects and "short" projects.
Even those students with poor grades are bound to excel.
Rong Zhixing and He Zhuoqiang didn't do well in school, but it can't be denied that they are good at sports and later won glory for their country.
Confucius said it well: "In a threesome, there must be a teacher.
"Since everyone has strengths and weaknesses, we should correctly understand ourselves and treat others. We should neither belittle ourselves or even give up on ourselves because we are not as good as others, nor be arrogant because others are not as good as ourselves.
Only by learning from others with an open mind and learning from each other's strengths can we make real progress.
Short and flat, no one is perfect.
May each of us, like a rainbow and a stone bridge, have a humble heart and contribute more talents to the four modernizations!
The ruler is short, the inch is long, the rainbow is beautiful, but life is short; This stone bridge has a long life, but its shape is not beautiful.
What is commendable is that they respect and praise each other instead of exposing each other's shortcomings with their own advantages.
Isn't this beautiful fable telling us that "the feet are short and the inches are long"? Everyone can't be perfect, nor can they be worthless.
Although the ruler is longer than an inch, it is sometimes not long enough; Although the inch is shorter than the ruler, it is also useful when playing.
"Gold is not full of red, jade is slightly flawed" and "fools get what they think" all illustrate this truth.
There is an interesting record in Historical Records. One day, Liu Bang and Han Xin chatted. Liu asked, "Who can love Qing and who can love me?" Han said, "If you lead the troops, you are not as good as me. It is good to believe that there will be more soldiers.
"Liu asked again," Why is Qing still under my control? " Han said, "It's hard to trust a good general.
"Han Xin's answer is really wonderful, is to maintain the face of the emperor Lao zi, to tell the truth, everyone has his own strengths. No wonder Liu Bang laughed with pride.
Edison and Einstein are both great scientists, but the former is good at invention and creation, while the latter is good at theoretical research.
If any nosy person insists on avoiding its strengths and taking its weaknesses, forcing one of them to engage in theoretical research of nuclear physics and the other to engage in the invention of practical items, then the development of human civilization will be delayed for many years! Among our classmates, there are some people who are top-notch in their subjects and handsome in everything, but I'm afraid they are rare. Most students have both "long" subjects and "short" projects.
Even those students with poor grades are bound to excel.
Rong Zhixing and He Zhuoqiang didn't do well in school, but it can't be denied that they are good at sports and later won glory for their country.
Confucius said it well: "In a threesome, there must be a teacher.
"Since everyone has strengths and weaknesses, we should correctly understand ourselves and treat others. We should neither belittle ourselves or even give up on ourselves because we are not as good as others, nor be arrogant because others are not as good as ourselves.
Only by learning from others with an open mind and learning from each other's strengths can we make real progress.
Short and flat, no one is perfect.
May each of us, like a rainbow and a stone bridge, have a humble heart and contribute more talents to the four modernizations!
How to write a composition ruler is longer than one inch, but it also has shortcomings; Although the inch is shorter than the ruler, it also has its advantages.
Maybe everyone knows the story: a lamb met a tall camel, and the camel was hungry.
So it looked up and ate the leaves on the tree, very happy.
The lamb was jealous when he saw it. He saw that the tree was too high to jump down.
At this time, the lamb and camel found many fresh and rich grasses in a wooden fence at the same time. The camel is embarrassed because it is too high to eat grass, but it is reluctant to leave this grassland. This time, the lamb smiled and got into the wooden fence and had a hearty meal, leaving the camel in a daze outside the wooden fence.
There was nothing to do after retirement, so I wrote some short articles on the spur of the moment. The level is too poor, but I have fun with * * *, but sometimes I can't write a word, so I turn off the computer and go to the street to watch chess.
This is a street barber shop. In order to attract popularity, several pieces were prepared. There are many people coming to pay tribute, and the barber shop is naturally good.
Over the years, a large part of chess stalls are retirees, who often play chess together. Although it has never been ranked, the top eight are well aware. These people naturally speak eight degrees higher in the "circle", because in this circle, they don't look at your rank or your income, and the only criterion to judge their status is the level of chess.
There is a good saying: "A gentleman doesn't say anything when he looks at chess, but he doesn't regret it", but street chess is for bystanders to talk. Sometimes a chess player is more anxious than a chess player, and sometimes it is a move. The two players flushed, but the onlookers laughed heartily. The scene is also full of fun.
I'd like to play chess, but my level is too low. Watching chess is a typical "smelly chess basket". It is common for players to roll their eyes or swear. Although there is nothing on the surface, but the heart is rather melancholy, chess can never be improved! ? I also heard that students who study well in school are also lost in society. In school, they are outstanding, favored by teachers and admired by classmates. It is normal for them to have a sense of superiority, but after leaving school, the advantage of studying well disappears immediately, and they are on the same starting line as those who don't study so well. This is because he left the occasion where he played his strengths.
There are several small bays in Qianhai, Qingdao. On the opposite side of the sea is the beautiful Xuejia Island, and the Qingdao Shipyard with tower cranes is located at his feet.
These bays have Xuejia Island, a calm natural wave dam. Although it is not a bathing place, it is very suitable for swimming. Many people who live nearby come to swim, and some even put on diving goggles at low tide, dive underwater to touch crabs and conchs, and go home to eat a rare tooth.
Some chess friends also love swimming, and they all gather here, but they just know the general breaststroke and consume less physical strength. Among several swimming postures, butterfly stroke is the most difficult and consumes the most physical strength. Some people love swimming all their lives, but they can't learn butterfly. Thousands of people can't see how many people can swim butterfly in the bath, which shows the difficulty of butterfly swimming.
My butterfly stroke is not only standard in action and graceful in posture, but also long in swimming distance, just like a butterfly flying on the sea.
Although I was panting after a trip, I was quite happy under the approval of others. First, I am glad that I am a good swimmer, and at the same time I show that my figure is "great".
When you are old, nothing is more pleasant than health.
These chess friends who reprimanded me at the chess table are now silent and amazed.
I spoke a few decibels louder, pointing to their swimming strokes and pointing at the chess table with a mouthful of "evil spirits".
I am an inch on the chess table, and I am a ruler when swimming in the sea.
All this shows that we can give full play to our advantages, especially in a specific range. When we decide to do something, we must consider "strengths and weaknesses" in order to be invincible.
(article reading network: three smells) The story of "sheep and camel" has not disappeared for hundreds of years, because it tells people a truth: no one will be perfect, and everyone has his own shortcomings and advantages. Whenever we meet someone, we should discover and learn his advantages, instead of discovering his shortcomings and laughing at irony. This is the minimum essential quality of a person.
Each of us has our own personality and many bright spots ... cheer for ourselves. I am an ordinary girl.
I grew up in obscurity.
I have neither excellent grades nor outstanding looks.
From head to toe, I am just a person who doesn't shine.
I am silent, I feel inferior, and I know a small wild flower that opens silently. How can it compare with those proud rose peonies? They are all favored by heaven, and God has endowed them with wisdom, looks and talents.
And what I was given was only ordinary, self-abased and stupid.
It was after an exam failure that I walked home in frustration.
I think of my deskmate Yan, the top student in my class, holding a test paper with a score of 100 and laughing at me: "Why are you so stupid?" Am I really stupid? Do I really want to be weak? Just thinking about it, I was stirred by a stone and fell to the ground.
"What bad luck! Even the stones are against me! " I stood up angrily and kicked the stone that was against me away.
Suddenly, I was surprised to find a wild flower under the stone! Small light blue petals stand out against the surrounding weeds, so striking.
I looked at the "sapphire" and thought: It turns out that ordinary things also have their brilliance, and their energy can also achieve great things.
Wildflowers can blossom in harsh environment. I will summon up courage and cheer for myself! Then my classmates found that I looked like a different person.
I have become cheerful, often facing the sunshine and facing every day's study and life.
I just found out that the effect of cheering for myself is so good! In an exam, I finally got excellent results.
Yan mysteriously leaned in and asked me the "secret" of success. I smiled and said loudly, "cheer for yourself!" " When encountering setbacks and misfortunes, have you ever thought about cheering for yourself? Doing so can summon up courage and meet the challenge with a strong attitude.
You must have a firm belief in your heart and appreciate yourself. No matter how hard you face, the road will be illuminated by the sun, and your heart will be filled with the brilliance of the sun.
English composition! ! Urgent! ! ! As the saying goes, the ruler is short, the inch is long, and everything in the world is ... life is a process of continuous learning and continuous improvement of resources. No matter how hard we try, we can never reach perfection. As we all know, everything in the world has its advantages and disadvantages, and of course, it is no different for us humans. Time management is always a weakness for me. It really affects the result of our work in many ways. It is difficult for me to solve this problem by myself, so I have to ask others for advice. Therefore, I have improved my ability to use my time effectively, given priority to more important work, and set myself a goal that needs to be completed the day before. I hope I can adopt with my hands on my head (* _ *).
For example, write down that the ruler is short and understand that the ruler is short and the inch is long. Read ch ǐ yó u su ǒ du ǐ n, cǐ nyó u su ǒ n Short meaning: insufficient, long meaning: more than enough.
Metaphors have their own advantages and disadvantages, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages.
There is no absolute "long" or "short" in everything.
In weights and measures, the unit of feet is greater than the unit of inches.
The ruler is longer than the inch, but if the ruler is compared with the inside, it will naturally appear shorter.
The inch is shorter than the ruler, but the inch is shorter than the millimeter, which naturally looks long! People have used this example for a long time to illustrate that there is no absolute thing in the world, and the results will be different with different standards.
Short feet also show that even the most powerful people will have shortcomings.
One inch is good at reminding people to be good at discovering their own strengths, and even stupid people will have something extraordinary.
Qu Yuan's Buju in Chu Ci of the Warring States Period: "The feet are short, the inches are long, and the materials are insufficient.
The wisdom is unclear, the number is insufficient, and God is unreasonable.
"
Generally speaking, if he is allowed to practice weightlifting suitable for small people,&; Quot, it has its usefulness-give a recent example; It means that no matter what kind of talent or thing, it is obviously not suitable, but: tall people are suitable for sports that need to give full play to their advantages, but it is obviously not suitable for them to lift weights-this can be said to be "short feet"; Short people let them play basketball and other sports.
Please indicate the source for reprinting. How long is an ancient foot?