During the Republic of China, the Han Situ Yuan 'an Monument was unearthed in Luoyang. Ma Heng wrote: "The deeds described in the monument are consistent with the biographies of Emperor, Zhang Di and He Di recorded in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty." Another cloud said, "Worship Stuart. Zhang Diji is your mother's birthday, and the tablet is your own. According to Yuan and four years, June is thirteen days, which is not worth remembering, that is, it can also be used as proof of truth. " (The manuscript of General Zhai's tablet inscription) The Book of Zhang Di Ji in the Later Han Dynasty: In the first year of Zhang He (that is, Yuan He was four years old, autumn and July were the first year of Zhang He, and four years were the first year of Zhang He), in June, "Gui Mao, Yuan An was Stuart". Yuanan Monument takes Guimao as its base, and the inspection date is June 1st, Ding Mao. There is no date for this month, only the date is 13. This shows that "Gui Mao" in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty is a mistake of "Ji Mao".
Shi Shuo Xin Yu Pai Diao: "Xun and Lu Shilong have never met before, so they have to sit with Zhang Maoxian. * * * language in Zhang Ling. Because he is gifted, don't be a common language. Lu raised his hand and said,' Lu Shilong in the clouds.' Xun replied,' Xun Ming cranes at dusk.' ..... Zhang Nai clap your hands and laugh. Liu Xiao quoted the List of Hundred Officials in Jin Dynasty and said, "Yin Xun is from Yingchuan." He also quoted "Biography of Xun Family" as saying: "Concealed, happy and satrap. Father, Zhong Shulang. " The epitaph of Yin Ying Xunjun, assistant minister of the Book of Jin Dynasty, unearthed in Henan Province, is an epitaph, but Xun Yue doesn't see the history books, which can fill the gaps in the history books. The epitaph reads: "Jun, the second son of Le Ping Fu Jun." It can be seen that Liu Xiao's annotation refers to Xun Xin Guan's "Le An Tai Shou" as the mistake of "Le Ping Tai Shou". Xun Yue's epitaph is also known as the "assistant minister of Chinese books" of the lunar patrol officer. Every five times, it can be seen that Liu's quotation of Xun Yueguan's "Zhongshu Assistant Minister" in Xun's Family Biography should be regarded as "Zhongshu Assistant Minister". As for Xun's deeds, Xun Yue's epitaph also provides some clues: Mrs. Xun Yue is the daughter of Liu Zhongxiong, a native of Donglai, born in seclusion, and married the daughter of Wang Shiwei at the age of 19. On the right side of the tablet: "Yin, Situ Zuo, Cao Yu Zuo." (See the comments on Jin's Jin Jiangzhai Epitaph, Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Paidiao) Ouyang Xiu's so-called "those who can correct mistakes with history" refers to this category. There are many good examples, so I won't say this.
2. Literary value
Ye Yu Shi, Volume 6, The Wind of Monuments: "What is carved on the stone is nothing to worry about. The historical sites in Qin and Han Dynasties, ice rocks and Song Ya are the same. The book Ancient Wen Yuan is mostly taken from epigraphy. In other words, the large-scale system of literary works under the Sui and Tang Dynasties often existed. Try to use the books of Ren Fang and Liu Xie to test their differences, which is clever and specific. " As far as style is concerned, inscriptions cover a wide range, but biographies are still the richest, because tombstones and epitaphs have the largest number, and they are nothing more than biographies for characters. Among them, there are many famous works, which are a treasure house of biographical literature. As for the writers' stories in these tombstones and epitaphs, such as Wang Zhihuan's life story recorded in Wang Zhihuan's epitaph (see "The Epitaph of the Tang Dynasty in Qu's Lu Jing"), it can make up for the regret that the books of the two Tang Dynasties in Wang Zhihuan have not been circulated. At the same time, "Chronicle of Tang Poetry" said, "People who live in Bingzhou and have brothers are all literate and treasure heaven." According to the epitaph, Xian was Huan's cousin and died on February 14th, the first year of Tianbao, at the age of 55. The records of "Xianshi Brothers" and "Tianbao Jianren" in Chronicle of Tang Poetry are not accurate (refer to Cen's On the History of Stone Carvings and Xu Zheng). This kind of stone carving historical materials should be specially hunted by researchers engaged in classical literature.
Ye Yu Shi, Volume 4, Poems, says: "Generally speaking, there are many stone-carved poems, which can make up for the lack of poetry selections in previous dynasties. Yuan Ming's "Farewell Poem" and Po Gong's "Red Cliff Fu" are both written by one person and carved by one stone, just like Wang Shishu's calligraphy. What I saw was the stone carving Fu, but the architecture was different from the Fu on Thirty-six Peaks of Songshan Mountain and the Book before Tan (the first year of Guo Jing, Zhong Jian), which forced Xiao Changgong. Yi Jian's Ode to the True Fairy Rock is in Rongxian County. Liang Anshi's Fu on Confucian Window is in Long Yin Rock, Lingui. Everything is wonderful. None of these three people won the world, nor did they accept the selection. They all relied on stone carvings to spread the word. Poetry originated in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty, so there were no stone carvings before the Tang Dynasty. Bazhou has the word "water tune" engraved on the wall. Without the author, the year, year and running script are ups and downs. The calligraphy of Song people is the best. Secondly, Mrs. Tang Kuo's Man Ting Square and Mishu Hai Huai's Stepping on the Sand are both very beautiful. "
Here, Ye summed up the value of rubbings in compiling ancient poems. In fact, scholars of all ages have noticed this, especially the editors of local chronicles, who attach great importance to local inscriptions. Things have changed, and the original monuments no longer exist or have been seriously stripped. Later generations collected stone carvings indirectly from local chronicles. This method has been widely used in the compilation of collected works, and no examples are given here.
3. The value of philology and calligraphy.
There are various fonts in ancient inscriptions, such as ancient Chinese, seal script, official script, regular script, etc., and a considerable number of other characters have been preserved. On the basis of predecessors, Qin Gong and Liu Daxin compiled Guang Bei Biezi, which contains more than 3,450 inscriptions with 2 1300 repetitions. This is an important material for studying the development and evolution of Chinese characters. As for calligraphy, copying ancient inscriptions is a common method, from Shi Guwen to Han Li, to Wei Bei, to regular script, running script and cursive script. There are many carved calligraphy posts in history, and Rong Geng's Cong Tiemu has a systematic record, mostly copying calligraphy.
4. Confucian classics and religious historical materials
China's Confucian classics have a tradition of carving stones. After the engraving of Xiping Book of Songs in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there are Shi San Book of Songs in Wei Dynasty, Kai Cheng Book of Songs in Tang Dynasty, Shu Book of Songs in the Five Dynasties, Erti Book of Songs in the Northern Song Dynasty, Yushu Book of Songs in the Southern Song Dynasty, Qingshi Book, etc. Now Tang Dynasty and Qingshi Book are well preserved, and the rest remain in the world. There are many achievements in the study of stone classics in past dynasties, which is an interdisciplinary subject between Confucian classics and epigraphy and has always been valued. There are many Buddhist scriptures carved in stone, the most famous of which is Fangshan Stone Sutra in Beijing. From Sui Dynasty to early Qing Dynasty, there were more than 5000 stone carvings and more than 5000 Buddhist scriptures, among which 88 Buddhist scriptures were not collected by other Tibetan scriptures. In addition, there are many inscriptions on these Buddhist scriptures, which are important Buddhist historical materials. The Collection of Fangshan Stone Inscriptions is edited by Jinshi Group of Beijing Library, Stone Inscriptions Group of China Buddhist Library and Cultural Relics Museum, and published by Bibliographic Literature Publishing House.