Tianquan county is located at the western edge of Zhoushan Mountains in Sichuan Basin, at the foot of Erlang Mountain and beside Qingyi River. The administrative division belongs to Ya 'an City, Sichuan Province, and the county governs 23 townships (towns) with a total area of 2,400 square kilometers and a population of 654.38+0.38 million. The county is bordered by Yucheng District, Yingjing County, Luding County, Kangding County, Baoxing County and Lushan County. Chengxiang Town, where the county is located, is 0/80km away from Chengdu/KLOC (highway mileage). The territory is rich in natural resources such as water power, minerals, forests and tourism, with convenient transportation, complete post and telecommunications facilities, sufficient electricity and humid climate. It is a pearl on the Sichuan-Tibet line. The total hydropower reserves are 7 1 10,000 kilowatts; With a forest area of 2.7 million mu, there are dozens of rare and protected animals in China, such as giant panda, golden monkey, wildebeest and giant salamander.
Tianquan is a famous production base of tea, medicinal materials and "forest vegetables". Jin Jian Jinyubian tea, vegetarian tea, Gastrodia elata, Cordyceps sinensis, Achyranthes bidentata, bamboo shoots, bracken, Erythrina, Kiwifruit, Lentinus edodes, Tremella fuciformis and Xiang Gu Mi are famous all over the world. Tianquan is also a fascinating place for tourists. Erlang Mountain is majestic and steep, Lin Mang covers the sky, and the peaks are green; Rare birds and animals frequented by Labahe Nature Reserve; The beautiful mountains and rivers in the "Forest Park" of Baisha River and Huangshahe River, together with the delicious "forest vegetables" and elegant fish in Qingyi River, are refreshing and unforgettable.
Tianquan enjoys the reputation of stone kingdom. The red, green and light-colored Erlangshan series granite reserves more than 3 billion cubic meters, with more than 30 varieties, good quality and easy mining. At present, more than ten varieties developed in batches are favored by domestic and foreign merchants.
Tian Quan's investment environment is improving day by day, and it is opening the mountain gate with a brand-new look and warm feelings, inviting guests from all directions and welcoming guests from all over the world.
Tianquan county is the closest mountain county to Ya 'an. Located in the western edge of Sichuan Basin, at the foot of Erlang Mountain, Chengdu in the east and Kangding in the west. National Highway 3 18 runs through the whole territory, which is the throat of Tibet and the first county where the ancient tea-horse road extends westward. Today, Ganxipo, Diaomen, Shuituping and Xingou between Tianquan and Erlangshan Tunnel are expropriated by Sichuan.
natural conditions
Tianquan county is located at the western edge of Sichuan Basin, at the eastern foot of Erlang Mountain, at the southern section of Na Wei, and at the eastern end of Kangba Cultural Line. Geographical coordinates are 102 "16' to 102" 55' and 29 "49' to 30" 2 1' north latitude. It is about 60 kilometers long from east to west and 50 kilometers wide from north to south, covering an area of 2,394 square kilometers. The county borders Lushan County and Yucheng District in the east, Jingrong County in the south, Huding County and Kangding County in the west and Baoxing County in the north. Sichuan-Tibet Highway (National Highway 3 18) runs through the county from east to west. The east of the county seat is 39 kilometers away from Yucheng District and 0/72 kilometers away from Chengdu/KLOC.
The landform of tianquan county is deeply cut, with high terrain in the northwest and low terrain in the southeast. The northwest of the county is mostly middle and high mountains, accounting for 86.7% of the county's total area. The highest place is Moon Bay, with an altitude of 5150m. There are low mountains, valley hills and valley impact flat dams in the southeast of the county, accounting for 13.3% of the total area of the county. The lowest point is under Feixianguan Bridge in Duogong Township, with an altitude of 600 meters. The central region is mostly hilly, and there are a few small flat dams on both sides of the valley, which is the main agricultural area of the county. The mountainous areas and Zhongshan areas in tianquan county are mainly distributed in the south of Jin Jia Mountain and the north of Erlang Mountain in the south of Qionglai. The line from Shanwanggang to Zhakoushi in Huding County, which borders Baoxing County, is the dividing line between mountainous areas and Zhongshan area, and the line from Eposhan in Laochang Township to Zishi Township turns to the southeast to catch Laoshan Mountain, which is the dividing line between Zhongshan and low mountainous areas.
The latitude position of tianquan county spans 30 "north latitude, and the topographic position is that when the Sichuan Basin reaches the eastern slope of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the height difference between east and west is large and the temperature difference is large, which has the characteristics of vertically changing mountain climate; Its atmospheric circulation is controlled by monsoon, forming an all-weather climate type, which is a mountainous climate based on subtropical monsoon climate. Annual average temperature 15. 1℃, 1℃, 10, the average temperature in October is 5℃, and the average temperature in August is 23.7℃. Precipitation increases with height from east to west, and the average annual rainfall is1660 mm. The rainy season lasts for half a year, with more than 200 sunny days and the frequency of autumn rain is 73. The average sunshine time is 964 hours, which is one of the areas with the least sunshine time in China. The maximum annual average evaporation is from May to August, which is above 105 mm, in which the evaporation in July is 138 mm, and the minimum is 65438+29.8 mm in February, the average evaporation is 922.6 mm, the annual precipitation is 1.9 times of the evaporation, and the annual average wind speed is only 0./. All-day disastrous weather is mainly characterized by low humidity, rainy weather and floods, and hail and strong wind appear earlier.
Tianquan county is a village-style water system with numerous rivers and most tributaries intersecting at acute angles. Tianquan River, formerly known as Hechuan River, is the main stream of China and the first-class tributary of Qingyi River, with a total length of 109.4 km from northwest to southeast, a drainage area of 2,047 square kilometers, accounting for 80.56% of the county's total area, with an average annual flow of 107 cubic meters per second, an average annual runoff of 3.365 billion cubic meters and a natural drop of 3,590 meters. There are 12 tributaries over 50 square kilometers of Tianquan River, including 8 first-class tributaries and 4 second-class tributaries. From upstream to downstream, there are Heixuangou, Fengzi River, Zhou Ang River, Lianglu River, Menkan River (secondary tributary), Qiandonggou (secondary tributary), Dayuxi River, Lata River and Dazhitang River. It passes through the canyon about 5 kilometers between Tianfeng Township in Jingrong County and Xingye Township in tianquan county, passes through Xiakou Village from south to north, passes through Xinchang, Qianyang and Le Ying Township, and joins Tianquan River at the two estuaries in Le Ying Township. Jing Rong River is located in tianquan county, with a flow of 15km and a drainage area of 174. 1km2. Jing Rong River has two main tributaries, namely Gangchang River and Qianyanggou (the drainage area is less than 50 square kilometers). In addition, Laochang River is a tributary of Baoxing River, the boundary river between Tianquan and Lushan.
Tianquan resources
The vegetation belt is located in the middle subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt in the semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest belt on the western edge of the mountainous area around Sichuan Basin. Evergreen broad-leaved forest grows well, with rich species and complex community structure. At the altitude of 1500m, the vegetation community and plant species are regularly distributed vertically with the altitude of the terrain and the change of climate. The elevation of the flat dam area in the hilly valley is 600 meters to 1500 meters. Low mountains and hills are the main agricultural areas, followed by flat dams in valleys. In addition to weeds growing fast in fields and ditches, undergrowth shrubs include coriaria, reeds and ferns, and trees include Chinese fir, alder, Pinus massoniana and cypress. The elevation of deep hill area in Zhongshan Valley1500m to 3000m. Natural vegetation includes trees, such as Chinese fir, green bar, bitter bark and baked tung, and shrubs, such as hickory, azalea and rose. The elevation of Zhongshan Mountain is 1800 m to 3500m, with dense forests and abundant wild resources, including shrubs, undergrowth vegetation, deciduous broad-leaved forest and ground cover plants. Alpine areas are more than 3500 meters above sea level, mainly including fir trees, alpine shrubs, alpine buildings and alpine meadows.
Plant Resources tianquan county is one of the forestry base counties in Sichuan Province, which is rich in forest resources and one of the first key counties to implement natural forest protection projects. Woodland area 143488 hectares, total standing stock180,000 cubic meters, and forest coverage rate of 50.23%. The timber forests of Dahe River and Baisha River account for 90% of the timber forest area in the county. The forest in Horne River Nature Reserve is protected by wildlife resources and scenic forests. Shelterbelts are mainly distributed in the western Dahe and Baishahe areas. There are 259 kinds of trees in this county. The dominant tree species are fir, oak, spruce, hard broadleaf, soft broadleaf, Hua Mu, Chinese fir and masson pine. National protected tree species, one is tung oil tree, the other is fragrant tree, water green tree and Eucommia ulmoides, and the third is Cunninghamia lanceolata, Xikangyulan, Lingchunye, YinYe Gui and Magnolia officinalis. The rare trees in the county are mainly distributed in the primitive forest areas in the west, many of which are fir and spruce over a thousand years old. The more famous rare trees are ancient sky tree, ancient ginkgo tree and yew tree. In addition, ebony with unknown burial age is also quite precious.
According to incomplete statistics, there are 5 classes, 27 orders, 70 families, 2 1 1 species of wild animals in tianquan county, and 22 species are listed as protected objects by the state, among which: giant panda, pronghorn and golden monkey are first-class protected animals; The national second-class protected animals include macaque, red panda, golden cat, leopard, water deer, red-bellied pheasant, etc. The national third-class protected animals include civet cats, civet cats, impala and bronze chickens. Rare and protected species: Trollius buchner, which lives in the west section of the upper reaches of Tianquan River, is one of the endemic species in this province and the southernmost salmon in the world. It is known as the "underwater living fossil" and was listed as a key protected species by the people's government of Tian Quan County on 1983. Endemic animals include Schizothorax prentice, Schizothorax prentice and Schizothorax prentice.
Water resources tianquan county is rich in water resources, with theoretical reserves of1140,200 kilowatts (excluding the exploitable capacity of people crossing the river of 712,600 kilowatts). Among them, the theoretical reserve of Tianquan river water energy is 582 1 10,000 kilowatts, and the exploitable amount is 494,000 kilowatts. Second, third-class tributaries 14 (if the basin area is more than 50 square kilometers, the theoretical reserve of human hydropower is 550,000 kilowatts, and the exploitable amount is 2 1.86 million kilowatts). The annual average surface runoff of surface water in China is 37.71100 million cubic meters, the average runoff is 6.5438+0.576 mm, and the total natural water volume is 6710.40 billion cubic meters.
Land and Resources The total land area of the county is 2,394 square kilometers, including cultivated land136,922 mu (57,730 mu of land and 79 192 mu of land), forest land of 65,438 hectares and water area of 37,465,438 hectares, and the rest are grassland, garden, traffic land, mines and other land. The soil in the county is complex and diverse, and the natural soil is divided into paddy soil, fluvo-aquic soil, purple soil, yellow soil, alpine desert soil and so on 10. Caoshan Caopo is mainly distributed in the middle and high mountain areas, with a livestock carrying capacity of 38.5 cows per mu.
Mineral Resources 9 kinds of metallic mineral products, such as copper, lead-zinc ore, bauxite, hematite, magnetite, manganese, silver and gold, have been discovered in Tian Quan, but the degree of development is low, and most of them have no development value. At present, nonmetallic minerals are mainly developed, including 12 kinds of * * *: coal mine, pyrite, gypsum, glauberite, limestone for cement, quartzite for metallurgy, barite, sandstone for building, river sand pebbles for building, clay shale for silica brick, granite for decoration and timely for metallurgy, which are the pillars of Tian Quan's mining development. There are bauxite and refractory clay with development prospects, with proven reserves of 25.952 million tons and 7 1.26 million tons respectively.
Infrastructure, roads and urban construction
1999, the whole society invested 73 million yuan in fixed assets, and the reconstruction project of the whole section of the national highway in 3 18 days was fully completed, and the provincial civilized model road was built. The reconstruction project of Xingtian Road has been started, and the construction projects of Shiyang Town and Tian Xin New Station have been completed one after another. Around the "four modernizations and one development", 5.4 million yuan was invested in municipal construction, and the construction projects of sewage pipe network, slow lanes, sidewalks and new station branches in the development zone and the restoration projects of main streets and sidewalks in the city were completed; Complete the construction of Jiang Yan Road and Ring Road; Implement the "lighting" and greening projects of urban main roads, and do a good job in the sanitation management of "one road and two ditches" in the county. The dirty, chaotic and poor conditions of the city will be effectively curbed, the phenomenon of indiscriminate occupation and construction of development zones will be corrected, and the city will take on a new look. Invested more than 600,000 yuan, completed the development and construction of1500m2 commercial housing, won 80,000 square meters of construction land for housing project, and completed the community planning. Chengxiang small market town has been approved by the province to be included in the construction of small market towns in the province, and the basic work of early construction is being carried out in an orderly manner.
Architectural evolution
Tianquan was once the land of Sri Lanka (or the capital of migration), and human beings lived there as early as the Neolithic Age. Ancient frontier strongmen, namely immigrants, lived, worked and multiplied here. According to Biography of Records of the Historian Ying 0, in the sixth year of the Western Han Dynasty (BC11), Sima Xiangru was ordered to designate the southwest slightly, and invited Wang to be the minister, so he moved the capital (now Shiyang Town) to set up a county, which was the beginning of setting up a county in tianquan county. The western Jin dynasty still inherited the Han system, and the county was moved to the county, and the land was the same as before. In the Southern Qi Dynasty, the moved county was renamed Zongyang County, and in the second year of the Western Wei Dynasty (AD 553), Zongyang County was changed to Shiyang County, meaning "Yang follows this".
In the first year of Wude in Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18), the Tang Dynasty adjusted the administrative divisions of Shu and set up a county (now a county). In the first year of Tianbao in Tang Dynasty (AD 734), there were four major military towns in Yangxian County, Gushi, namely Shiyang, Lingguan, Anguo and Hechuan. After the mid-Tang Dynasty, it was ruled by Tusi (Gaohe Tusi). After Shu, there were six military and political appeasement departments: Diaomen, Li, Ya, Changhe West, Yutong and Ningyuan. Gao's civil construction department is in Shiyang, and Yang's civil construction department is in Diaomen (this town). The old example of Shu after Song Dynasty. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1265), the appeasement department was set up in Diaomen, Li and Ya, and later it was changed to the department, with Diaomen Department, Tian Quan Department and Shiyang Department. In the sixth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1373), another day, Quan Zhaosi was Tianquan Liu Fan Zhaosi and Shi Yang was Zhili Sichuan Chief Secretary. In the 21st year of Hongwu (A.D. 1388), it was transferred to Sichuan, and at the same time, it was changed to Tianquan Liu Fan Recruitment Department, which was the deputy department of Tianquan Liu Fan Recruitment Department. Chengxiang Town is now established.
In the seventh year of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1729), the land was changed to the present state, and the state was ruled in this town, and moved to Ya, the capital of the state. At the beginning of this year, the state was divided, and the Daoguang came to waste. In the second year of the Republic of China (A.D. 19 13), the government, state and hall were abandoned, and the whole state was changed to tianquan county, which now governs Chengxiang Town and belongs to Jianchang Road.
1935, the red army went north to resist Japan and entered tianquan county, and established four levels of Soviet regime: county, district, township and village. 1939, Xikang was established as a province, and tianquan county belonged to it. 1950 On February 8th, the People's Government of tianquan county was established, which belongs to Ya 'an District of Xikang Province. 1955 Xikang Province was merged into Sichuan Province, and tianquan county was subordinate to Ya 'an District of Sichuan Province. 1968, the region was renamed as the region, and tianquan county still belongs to Ya 'an region. On June 65438+February 10, 2000, Ya 'an area was reclaimed to set up a city, which was called Ya 'an City. Tianquan county has been under the jurisdiction of Ya 'an City, Sichuan Province. County People's Government is stationed in Chengxiang Town.
Tianquan is a place name in the Yuan Dynasty, and its origin is recorded in Tianquanzhou Annals: there are all the mountains in the territory, which are rainy and between the old and the small, while the population of Feixianguan is called "Leaking Pavilion", which was called "Leaking Heaven" in ancient times and commonly known as "Leaking Heaven", which is easy to leak into a whole, hence the name Tianquan.
Scenic tourism
Erlang Mountain Scenic Spot Erlang Mountain Scenic Spot was approved as a provincial-level scenic spot by the Sichuan Provincial People's Government in February 2000. Tianquan county, located in the western edge of Sichuan Basin, is in the upper reaches of Qingyi River, with a total area of 1.600 square kilometers, including Erlang Mountain Scenic Area, Horn River Scenic Area, Red lingshan scenic spot Scenic Area and Baisha River Scenic Area. It is located on the Great Tourism Ring Road in western Sichuan, bordering Huding County and Kangding County in the west and Baoxing County in the north. It is located between Mengshan and Bifengxia scenic spots, Hailuogou and Gongga Mountain scenic spots, and it is 0/80km away from Chengdu/kloc-in the east, with the lowest elevation of 770m and the highest elevation of 5150m. The forest coverage rate is over 95%. It has the characteristics of high landscape level, rich landscape resources and diverse types, and is a multi-scene, multi-viewpoint and highly complex landscape.
Erlang Mountain Scenic Area (the combination of natural and human landscape): Located on the east slope of Erlang Mountain, 50 kilometers away from tianquan county, with a total area of 330 square kilometers and an altitude of 3,437 meters. The original ecological environment of the scenic spot is well protected, with a wide variety of animals and plants, beautiful mountains and rivers, simple and unsophisticated, steep Panshan highway, rolling mountains, verdant peaks and numerous ravines and deep valleys, all of which are heroic, strange, dangerous and secluded. There are Tea Horse Road, Erlang Mountain Panshan Highway, Erlang Mountain Tunnel Scenic Area, Menkan Mountain "Haige" (Tongtong Forest), Heiyangou Stone Forest, Longbagou Waterfall Group, etc. With the winding of Panshan Road, waterfalls, flowing springs, lava landscapes and vegetation landscapes can be seen. Every May, azaleas are in full bloom, and red, blue, purple and white complement each other and are colorful. In winter, the snow scene of Erlang Mountain is unique. You can see the mountain pass from all angles. In the west of Gongga Snow Mountain Peak, the Dadu River winds like a belt, enjoying the scenery of Kangba Plateau. Looking at Emei and Wawu in the east, the clouds are lingering, and Xia Wei is beautiful and refreshing. 1940, famous painters Zhang Daqian and Xikang influenced the style and charm of Erlang Mountain, and achieved the traditional Chinese painting Erlang Mountain. In 1950s, a song "Singing Erlang Mountain" spread all over the country, and Erlang Mountain became famous all over the world.
Horn River Scenic Area (natural landscape scenic area): it is adjacent to Erlang Mountain Scenic Area in the south, 40km away from tianquan county, Kangding County in the west, Red lingshan scenic spot in the east and Baisha River Scenic Area in the north, with a total area of 234.34km2 1973. The Horn River Nature Reserve was formally established. The ecological environment of the scenic spot is good, maintaining its original features. The distribution spectrum of vegetation is complete, and the species of animals and plants are rich and rare. There are 65,438+0,500 species of vascular plants in Cambodia, belonging to 68 families and 380 genera, and 206 species of vertebrates. There are as many as 65438 0.8 rare tree species under state protection, such as tung oil tree, Pistacia chinensis, Phoebe bournei, etc. There are 32 species of national first-class and second-class protected animals, such as giant panda, wildebeest, golden monkey, leopard, green-tailed pheasant, red-bellied pheasant, red panda, water deer, forest musk deer, macaque and mandarin duck. It is a rare natural gene bank of wild rare animals and plants. There are scenic spots in the scenic area, such as the rock wall of Fritillaria Mountain, the first scene in summer, and the Niujiao River falling water group. Rare animal landscapes include hundreds of cows licking nitrate, deer playing in the water, pheasant flying and phoenix dancing, etc. The rare plant landscapes include the tung forest with a fragrant forest, the azalea forest with flowers, and the rare and elegant "Four Treasures of the Study" forest, which can be called a green treasure house and an animal paradise.
Red lingshan scenic spot (a scenic spot dominated by human landscape): the west and north of the scenic spot are bounded by the Horn River scenic spot, the Baisha River scenic spot in the east, the Sichuan-Tibet Highway in the south, 20 kilometers away from tianquan county, with a total area of 26 square kilometers. Scenic spots are tourist attractions that combine natural landscape with Buddhist culture. The vegetation here is well protected, with beautiful scenery, waterfalls and springs, and many temples. At that time, there were as many as 128 halls, more than a thousand, and the scale was quite large. Historically, some people in Buddhism once called it "Little Emei", which had a great influence on the monks and customs in Kangba area. As the "Lingshan" in their minds, worshippers go up the mountain all the year round. The scenic spot consists of Tugang, Qiling Mountain, Hongling Mountain, Wang Mu Temple and Xiaoxitian Leiyin Temple. There are more than 65,438 temples and more than 60 scenic spots. You can see the sea of clouds, waterfalls, Buddha's light and mirage on the top of the mountain. You can watch the sunrise and sunset and enjoy the wonders of "the sun and the moon shine together". The most prominent feature of this landscape is its majesty and steepness.
Baisha River Scenic Area (the combination of humanity and nature): it is adjacent to Niujiao River Scenic Area in the west, Baoxing County in the north, 0/5km away from tianquan county/KLOC-,with a total area of 528km2. This scenic spot is the lowest elevation in the scenic spot, which is roughly divided into two scenic spots: north and south. The North Scenic Area is a natural ecological scenic area, where forests are widely distributed, ravines are criss-crossed, water sources are abundant, canyons are numerous, vegetation belt spectrum is complete and typical, and various landscapes such as mountain landscape, water landscape, vegetation landscape and astronomical climate landscape are distributed in different periods, with beautiful scenery. There are Longmen Gorge, Chenxiangyan Swallow Cave, Hulushui, Tianshengqiao, Baishahe stalagmites, Liangshuijing Triassic Waterfall, Shuihaizi Niujinggou "Hundred Cows Map", Yinshangou "Little Huangshan Mountain" and other scenic spots. South Scenic Area is a historical and cultural scenic spot, which shows the track of local historical development and its regional cultural characteristics, revolutionary historical facts and revolutionary struggle spirit, and has rich historical and cultural connotations. It is not only a place for sightseeing, sightseeing and leisure, but also a base for learning from the past, remembering martyrs, carrying out patriotic education and revolutionary tradition education. There are "Southwest Lock Key" Forbidden Gate Pass, Chama District City Site, Red Army Dagang Mountain Battle Site, Tianquan Martyrs Cemetery, Cilang Temple, Jixiang Temple and other scenic spots. There are many natural tourist attractions and precious animals and plants protected by the state, which is a virgin land to be developed.
On October, 2002 1,1year 10, tianquan county was recognized as the third batch of food safety demonstration counties (cities, districts) in Sichuan province.
On February 3rd, 2020, the Office of Spiritual Civilization Construction of Sichuan Province published the list of the fifth civilized cities in Sichuan Province, and tianquan county was on the list.
In June, 2020, tianquan county was included in the second batch of revolutionary cultural relics protection and utilization counties (Long March District (Red Fourth Army)).
In February, 2065438+0721February, tianquan county was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 16.