The influence of war

In the First World War, more than 30 countries with a population of 65.438+0.5 billion were involved in the war, which caused great damage to human spirit and material.

Single nation state

The war brought great losses to mankind, but in World War I, four empires, czarist Russia, German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire and Ottoman Turkish Empire, were destroyed. The nation-states in the Balkans and the Middle East followed closely, such as Yugoslavia, Hungary and Iraq.

The weakness of Britain

Britain, once the world's financial center and the world's hegemon, although its territory increased after the war, its control over the territory was greatly reduced due to the huge casualties and material losses in the war, and its economy was greatly affected by the war, which led to a serious economic recession. Since then, its status as a world financial center has been ceded to the United States.

October Revolution [19 17 occurred in Russia]

During World War II, the October Revolution took place in Russia, and the first socialist country appeared in the world-the Soviet Union (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).

The rise of the United States and Japan

The war weakened Britain, France and Italy; The United States has become the world's number one economic power, and the world financial center has also moved from London to new york; Japan has also changed from a debtor country to a creditor country, occupying Jiaozhou Bay and Shandong Peninsula in China, which belongs to the German sphere of influence. 1914-1919, the paid-in capital of Japanese enterprises increased from 22180,000 yen to 665,438+23 million yen, and the industrial productivity increased more than four times. Its actual industrial output value has increased by 1.8 times, and there has been a climax of new construction and expansion of enterprises centered on export industries. In shipbuilding industry, 19 14 years, 79 ships were built, accounting for 82,000 tons. 19 18, the number of ships surged to 443, accounting for 540,500 tons, rising from the sixth place in the world before the war to the third place.

German revenge

The Treaty of Versailles put all the responsibility for waging war on Germany, thus imposing extremely severe economic and military sanctions on Germany. Germany lost 13% of its territory and 12% of its population, and was disarmed. The army was controlled below 654.38+million, and it was forbidden to own an air force. Although Germany was finally defeated in the First World War, its vitality was not greatly damaged, its industrial system was still intact, and Germany itself was not affected by the war. Moreover, the Treaty of Versailles pays too much attention to the distribution of the interests of the victorious countries and completely ignores the interests of the defeated countries. In addition, the unprecedented harshness and predation of the treaty made German nationals strongly resist and resent the treaty imposed on them, which triggered a strong national revenge among the German people. In order to get rid of the bondage of the Treaty of Versailles, the proud Germans are fighting with various political forces and ideas in Germany, which provides conditions for Germany to become a new war. Thus, Germany, under the leadership of Hitler's Nazi Party, launched the Second World War.

May Fourth Movement

The Treaty of Versailles transferred German rights and interests in Shandong, China to Japan, which became the fuse of the May 4th Movement in China. 1965438+On May 4, 2009, young students, the masses, citizens, businessmen and other middle and lower class people in China participated in various patriotic movements, such as demonstrations, petitions, strikes, anti-government violence and so on. The reason is that during the Paris Peace Conference, the powers trampled on China's sovereignty and transferred the original German rights and interests in Shandong to Japan, that is, the Shandong issue. Together with the New Culture Movement, it has become a large-scale and far-reaching political, ideological and cultural movement in the history of China, which has had a great impact on China's politics, society, culture and thoughts from modern times to the present.

Military treatment

American soldiers in World War I received a daily salary of 1 USD, plus 25 points for daily expenses outside the United States. Later, due to the Great Depression of1930s, veterans and their families and other related groups failed to ask the US government for real-time compensation for wartime services, which led to the 1932 bloody pension incident involving the US military.

Status of women

Before the outbreak of World War I, women were not regarded as "people". Until the outbreak of World War I, men were recruited as soldiers, leaving only the old and the young sick and disabled. At that time, only women brought home the bacon. So women go out to work to earn money to support their families. Although they do the same job as men, they get much less pay. However, during the First World War, the status of women improved.

the League of Nations

In view of the huge casualties and material losses in the First World War, Britain and France and other victorious countries launched an organization called the League of Nations, which aimed at reducing the number of weapons, calming international disputes and maintaining people's living standards. However, the League of Nations could not effectively stop fascist aggression. It was replaced by the United Nations after World War II.

Military art

The experience of the First World War had a great influence on the development of military art. The emergence of various military theories after the war, such as total war, blitzkrieg, tank winning theory and air force winning theory, was the result of summing up the experience of the war from different angles.

New technology development

World War I became a catalyst for the development of a series of new technologies. During the war, the newly invented aircraft attracted the attention of some countries and soon entered the practical stage. Military aircraft became a new army on the battlefield. The number of planes is also increasing. During the war, the mobility of cars attracted people's attention. The carriage that dominated the streets of Europe and America before the war was quickly replaced by cars. Germany and other countries lacking in raw materials have vigorously developed chemical synthesis technology in response to the enemy's blockade. So as to promote the development of chemical technology. The soldiers' strong demand for materials has also prompted people to continuously improve production technology, providing conditions for the innovation of production management.

Changes in the functions of government agencies

At the beginning of the war, governments of all countries were not prepared for a long-term war, so they did not intervene in the economy. With the prolongation of the war, countries have to establish a set of specialized institutions to effectively use the manpower and material resources of the whole country. These institutions began to intervene in the investment direction of private enterprises, responsible for distributing government orders, controlling the supply of raw materials, adjusting various economic relations and monopolizing foreign trade.

Demilitarized zone of Rhine River

The demilitarized zone of the Rhine is located 50 kilometers east of the Rhine.

This is the content of the Treaty of Versailles after World War I. The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed by Germany and the victorious allies after World War I. The general contents include: militarily, Germany prohibits the implementation of universal compulsory military service, and can only recruit auxiliary personnel to join the army. Only 6.5438 million troops can be retained, and no air force is allowed. The navy only keeps some light surface ships (there were only 36 light surface ships in Germany when Hitler came to power), and large tonnage ships and submarines are not allowed. Germany is not allowed to station troops within 50 kilometers east of the Rhine. It is politically forbidden for Germany and Austria to merge or form any form of alliance group. On the territorial side, Germany returned to France Alsace and Lorraine areas acquired in the Franco-Prussian War, and the Saar coal mining area was managed by the League of Nations 15. During this period, France mined coal mines for free as compensation for Germany's occupation of Alsace and Lorraine, which are both important coal bases in France. After the expiration of 15, the Saar region held a referendum to decide its ownership (that is, whether the region was merged into France or returned to Germany, and 1934 Saar returned to Germany). On this basis, the Polish state was rebuilt, and all German overseas colonies were "entrusted by the League of Nations", which was actually divided up by major victorious countries such as Britain, France and Japan. Economically, Germany is required to pay a large amount of compensation, but there is no specific amount. Later, the Allies successively put forward the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan. 1929- 1933 After the economic crisis broke out, Germany announced that it would stop paying reparations.