20 17 policy theory level test questions I. Fill in the blanks
1. Protecting the rights of scattered ethnic minorities includes ensuring equal rights, (safeguarding the ethnic rights of ethnic minorities), (participating in political power), developing economic and cultural rights, (freedom of religious belief), (freedom to maintain or reform customs and habits), and using and developing the spoken and written languages of ethnic minorities.
2. From the subjective and objective conditions of national equality, the subjective conditions include (improving national quality and enhancing the subjective consciousness and ability of national equality); Objective conditions include strengthening and building democratic political environment and system (democratic organization form).
In today's world, (peace and development) is the general trend of the development of international ethnic relations.
4. On May 27th, 2005, Comrade Hu Jintao pointed out in his Speech at the Central Conference on Ethnic Work and the Fourth Commendation Conference on National Unity and Progress in the State Council: "Insist on consolidating and developing socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony".
Buddhism, (Islam) and (_ _ _) are the three major religions in the world, which have great influence on the political and spiritual life of many countries and regions.
6. Ethnic theory is an independent discipline and occupies an important position in ethnic (research) disciplines. The main research objects of ethnic theory discipline are ethnic groups and ethnic issues. It is a science that studies nationalities and ethnic problems as a whole and reveals the most general laws of the development of nationalities and ethnic problems. At the same time, it is also a science to study the ways and methods to correctly solve and deal with the reality (ethnic development) and ethnic problems.
7. The research object of nationality (theory) is the nationality and ethnic problems that are common in the world, with the purpose of revealing the general development law of nationality and ethnic problems, correctly understanding and properly handling the contradictions and problems between ethnic development and ethnic groups.
Generally speaking, the development of a nation is mainly its all-round development in (politics), economy, (society), culture and education. However, in the final analysis, (economic) development plays a decisive role in national development.
9. The study of ethnic development (law) is the most basic and fundamental research in ethnic theory.
10. The study of ethnic issues (the law of development) is the most basic prerequisite and condition for proletarian political parties to formulate ethnic programs.
1 1. The common historical origin of ethnic groups mainly refers to the ethnic (regional) origin and (ethnic) origin. P 13)3。 Religion has played an important role in the formation of some ethnic groups, especially (secondary form) ethnic groups.
12. Nationalities are classified according to (national attributes) and (national characteristics). 13, the national people's community is the product of the collapse of primitive society and the disintegration of clans and tribes.
14, the general law of national formation is clan-(phratry)-(tribe)-(tribal alliance)-nation, and the nation formed through the above channels is the original ecological nation.
15, the special law of ethnic formation refers to the formation of new ethnic groups, that is, (secondary) ethnic groups, through ethnic differentiation, assimilation and combination in the process of development. 16. Nation (integration) is the way and means of national extinction. 17, nationality (extinction) is the result of ethnic integration.
18, National Natural Assimilation refers to the phenomenon that in the process of long-term communication and contact between different ethnic groups, under the mutual influence of (production), (life) and culture, one ethnic group completely naturally and voluntarily accepts the characteristics of another ethnic group, changes its own characteristics and becomes a part of other ethnic groups. 19. Ethnic relations are both a (social) phenomenon, a (historical) phenomenon and a social relationship. P50)2。 When we observe whether the relationship between members of different ethnic groups can constitute ethnic relations, the key is whether there is (ethnic) content in this relationship. 20. Ethnic issues change with the development of society and have different contents in different historical periods.
2 1. Ethnic problems are one of the common (social) problems in the world today. Ethnic issues are of great significance to the development of multi-ethnic countries and the relations between countries. 22. Ethnic issues are a wide range of social issues. In the theory of ethnic issues, there are broad and narrow concepts of ethnic issues.
23. The ethnic contradictions caused by ethnic characteristics are reflected in its politics, (economy) and culture.
24. The development of the nation itself determines the degree of communication between nations, and then determines the situation (contradiction) between nations, that is, ethnic issues.
25. The imbalance and obvious gap in the development of various ethnic groups (economy and culture) are the main reasons for the current ethnic contradictions and frictions. Most ethnic conflicts mainly focus on economic relations and closely related cultural development relations. The fundamental way to solve the problem lies in rationally adjusting the needs of economic development (interest distribution) and cultural development among ethnic groups.
26. Ethnic issues are one of the basic national conditions in China, which are manifested in two aspects: (ethnic development) and (ethnic relations).
27. Ethnic minority areas should change the extensive economic growth mode that relied mainly on high input and high consumption in the past, and adopt high-quality and high-efficiency (intensive) economic growth mode instead. 28. Ethnic education is the symbol and reflection of a country's economic and cultural development. At the same time, it also indicates the possibility of the future development of national economy and culture, and it is also the premise of actual development. 29. The policy and legal system of ethnic education refers to the provisions and systems of China's (special law on ethnic education) and the Constitution, (law on regional ethnic autonomy) and other laws, regulations, decisions and orders on the nature, status, tasks, guidelines, education system, (form of running schools), content, teaching staff construction and school management of ethnic minority education in China.
30. National education policies and legal systems are legal provisions that provide human, (material) and (financial) guarantees for the development of national education, so that the development of national education can be guaranteed accordingly.
3 1. National customs refer to the fashions and customs that are widely spread in the material and spiritual life of all ethnic groups, and reflect the economic, political and cultural life of all ethnic groups.
32. The nationality of national language refers to the nationality (language awareness) and (language feelings) characterized by national language, that is, expressing national characteristics, national psychology and national feelings through language.
33. National culture is not only one of the contents of national development, but also one of the conditions for national development, and cultural development is often the forerunner of political development and economic development.
34. The stability of national languages refers to the long-term stability of national languages (basic components) and (forms of expression).
35. As a social phenomenon, national language has its objective laws of emergence and development. This law can be divided into the law of national language (formation), the law of development and change, and the law of development and prosperity during the socialist period.
36. The development of national languages and characters is influenced by the nation itself (development level) and (distribution) and the status of ethnic relations.
37. The final result of the development of national languages and scripts is (the integration of languages) and (the unification of scripts). 38. Ethnic customs and habits change with the development of social productive forces, which in turn affects the economic base; It has great stability, and its change often lags behind the change of living conditions; It reflects the values and behaviors of people who make up a nation. 39. Ethnic customs and habits are inextricably linked with the social life of all ethnic groups.
Tangible (intangible) forces have a profound influence on many aspects of social life of all ethnic groups. 40. The stereotypes in national customs and habits are the dross of national customs and habits, and its negative (obstructive) impact on social life is inevitable to change customs.
4 1. The formation of ethnic customs and habits is closely related to the natural environment, natural conditions and (climate) conditions in ethnic areas.
42. National customs (man-made reform) and natural variation are complementary, and the form of natural variation cannot be absolute, but it must be applied scientifically in the positive sense of this feature, and reforms should be carried out without losing time when conditions are ripe.
43. The basic starting point for Marxism to put forward the principle of national equality is to oppose nationality (oppression) and nationality (discrimination). The core of national equality is equality (status) and equality (rights). 44. National equality is a slogan of bourgeois democracy, which was put forward by petty bourgeoisie and bourgeois politicians in 17 and 18 centuries, and later became a principle of bourgeois (democratic) movement.
With the formation of nation-state and the development of capitalist country (ethnology), the word "nation" is widely used in western countries and has a new meaning. 46. The characteristics of ethnic minority cadres enable them to rely on their own advantages and play an important role in actual ethnic work.
47. Minority cadres have irreplaceable advantages and functions, and it is of great practical significance and far-reaching (historical significance) to train and appoint minority cadres.
48. Minority culture mainly refers to spiritual and cultural aspects, including language, (literature), science, (art), philosophy, (religion), customs and festivals.
49. The so-called adaptation of religion to socialist society does not mean that the ideological system of religion (idealism) is compatible with the ideological system of materialism, but that religion should adapt to the development requirements of socialist society.
50. China's national identity is mainly determined on the basis of on-the-spot identity investigation and comprehensive investigation and study, and based on careful and careful screening of objective (including history and reality) (national characteristics) and subjective (national will).
5 1. The ethnic distribution in China is characterized by mixed ethnic groups (large), (small) and (staggered). 52. The distribution characteristics of ethnic minorities in China are (large dispersion, small settlement).
53. More than 90% of China's land border is in ethnic minority areas, with (1.9000) kilometers. 54. Regional ethnic autonomy in China refers to the implementation (regional autonomy), establishment (organs of self-government) and exercise (autonomy) in areas where ethnic minorities live in concentrated communities under the unified leadership of the state.
55. There are two basic problems in regional ethnic autonomy in China: first, the establishment and construction of autonomous organs; Second, the organs of self-government (exercising autonomy).
56. Ethnic autonomous areas in China are divided into three administrative levels: (autonomous regions), (autonomous prefectures) and autonomous counties (banners).
57. Most ethnic minorities in China believe in religions, especially (Tibetan Buddhism), (Southern Buddhism) and (Islam), and many ethnic minorities have extensive and in-depth beliefs. 58. At present, one of the development trends of ethnic relations in China is the further improvement of ethnic equality and the coexistence of de facto inequality among ethnic groups.
59. Before the founding of New China, there were different political systems in ethnic minorities, such as the feudal patriarchal clan system, the system of (integration of politics and religion), the system of (chieftain), the system of feudal princes, the system of consanguineous parents, and the system of (primitive democracy).
60. Rapid training of a large number of (scientific and technological) professionals is the hope of economic development in ethnic areas. 6 1. 1950, the central people's government established the party and government, carried out social reforms, and promoted the development of ethnic minority areas.
The urgent need for cadres in the central work such as regional ethnic autonomy is really based on "training (ordinary political cadres) and urgently needing professional and technical cadres as a supplement".
Son), and "in order to cultivate an appropriate number of Han cadres, we must cultivate minority cadres.
Department "principle.
62. We should focus on poverty alleviation and development in ethnic areas and adhere to (development-oriented) poverty alleviation. 63. Before the formation of a country, people's communities were divided into clans, tribes or tribal alliances linked by blood ties.
64. In a class society, national struggle is, in the final analysis, a problem (class struggle). 65. In the economic construction of ethnic minority areas, we should adhere to the overall planning (urban and rural development), regional development planning, economic and social development planning, overall planning (harmonious development between man and nature), domestic development and opening up planning, and adhere to local conditions. P 143)2。 In the economic construction of ethnic minority areas, we should adhere to the principle of combining state aid with self-reliance of ethnic minorities.
66. The state must adhere to the principle of combining (national interests) with (the actual interests of local ethnic groups) in helping ethnic minorities develop economic construction and develop and utilize natural resources in ethnic minority areas.
67. Only through the socialist revolution can the (social) roots of ethnic oppression be eradicated and ethnic equality be achieved.
68. Only by carrying out (socialist modernization) construction can we constantly solve ethnic problems and realize ethnic prosperity and development.
69. Autonomy includes not only the right to manage (internal affairs of ethnic groups), but also the right to manage (internal affairs of regions).
70. The 15th National Congress of communist party, China identified the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by China, the system of regional ethnic autonomy and the system of people's congresses as the three major forms of socialist democracy in China.
7 1. Respect the customs and habits of ethnic minorities, and all ethnic groups have the freedom to maintain or reform their own customs and habits, which is the consistent policy of our party and state to treat the customs and habits of ethnic minorities. 72. As an ideology far from its economic base, religion has strong adaptability, which is the internal factor that determines the long-term nature of religion. As a social phenomenon, religion has its social and cognitive roots, which are the external conditions that determine the long-term nature of religion. 73. The complexity of religion lies in the fact that (belief) and (politics) are often linked, and two different contradictions often coexist intricately.
Second, multiple choice questions
1. (1) is a major feature of ethnic theory. A. basic theory is compatible with applied theory, and theory is compatible with policy. B. pay attention to the application of policies. Combine theory with policy. Integrating basic theory and applied theory.
2. (1) It is the general policy of the ethnic policy of our party and state. A. ethnic equality and unity B. regional ethnic autonomy C. ethnic economic development D. ethnic culture and education development
3. Variation is the necessity of the development of national customs, and (d) is the movement feature of the unification of national customs. Variation on the basis of inheritance and inheritance in the process of variation constitute the general law of the development of national customs and habits. A. heredity B. evolution and development C. variability D. heredity and variability
4. Judging from the historical experience and present situation of the reform of national customs and habits in China, the reform of national customs and habits is a complex and comprehensive project, so the ways and methods of reform should be (c). A. principle B. flexibility C. principle and flexibility D. foresight 5 In today's world, the overall development trend of international ethnic relations is (D). A. Seeking common ground while reserving differences B. Peaceful coexistence C. Mutual assistance D. Peace and development
6. The new interpretation of "solemn land, happy family" in Buddhist classics is (c), "Building the motherland to do good for the people and make the people happy". A. Master Hongyi B. Master Shen Yan C. Zhao Puchu layman D. Qinglian layman
7. In 2005, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China added an important ethnic relations principle (D) to the socialist ethnic relations in China. A. Equality B. Unity C. Mutual assistance D. Harmony
8.265438+The theme of ethnic work in China in the new stage of the 20th century is (D). A. accelerate economic and social development in ethnic areas B. equality, unity and mutual assistance C. equality, unity and mutual assistance and harmony D. all ethnic groups work together for common prosperity and development.
9. Ethnic issues in a broad sense refer to the development of the nation itself and the relations between nations and between nations and countries. A. Nation and class B. Nation and tribe C. Nation and clan D. Nation and tribe alliance
10. the guiding ideology that the state and relevant departments should establish in developing resources, setting up factories and enterprises, and building various projects and bases in ethnic areas is (c). A. it is conducive to national construction and social development. Help and support the economic development in ethnic areas. C. promote and promote the economic development of ethnic areas. Develop an economy with national characteristics and advantages.
1 1. According to incomplete statistics in 2005, there are various religious believers in China (D). A. more than 60 million people B. more than 70 million people C. more than 80 million people D. 1 100 million people
12. China's Marxist ethnic theory has the characteristics of (d) and scientific unity. A. theoretical B. academic C. practical D. political.
13. The discipline of ethnic theory not only studies and reveals the development laws of ethnic groups and ethnic problems, but more importantly, studies how to correctly solve or deal with the problem (D) on the basis of understanding these objective laws. A. regional ethnic autonomy B. ethnic development C. ethnic contradictions D. ethnic development and ethnic contradictions
14. National development is the national survival and (b) the improvement of quality and quantity under the comprehensive action of national own factors, natural factors and social factors. A. change B. evolution C. evolution D.
15. Nationality (D) refers to the social phenomenon and process in which a nation loses its own characteristics and accepts the characteristics of other nationalities in the process of its own development and social communication. A. Fusion B. Evolution C. Degradation D. Assimilation
16. Ethnic assimilation is divided into forced assimilation and (c) assimilation. A. Self-awareness B. Freedom C. Nature D. Voluntary
17. The basic expression of ethnic relations is the relationship of (C). A. between ethnic autonomous areas and individuals B. between ethnic autonomous areas and countries C. between ethnic groups D. between ethnic individuals 18. The content or basic characteristics of ethnic relations are determined by (b) of ethnic relations. A. Structure B. Nature C. Social foundation D. Development law
19. Ethnic autonomous areas are vast and rich in natural resources, accounting for (c) of the country's total area. A.44% B.54% C.64% D.74%
20. National equality and national unity are (c) for Marxism to deal with ethnic issues. A. Basic starting point B. Premise C. Fundamental principle D. General policy
2 1. Ethnic education policies and legal systems are the development of ethnic education. A. basic premise B. inevitable requirement C. inevitable result D. inevitable requirement and inevitable result
22. In the process of inheritance, due to the influence of various economic, social, political and cultural factors of various ethnic groups, national customs and habits have changed to some extent in content and form. This change is a historical variation, which is (b). A. Mutation B. Relatively stable gradual change C. Evolution D. Development of the country
So far, the term "nationality" was first used in China in (BC). A Spring and Autumn Period Warring States Period B Qin and Han Dynasties C Southern Dynasties D Sui and Tang Dynasties
24. At present, China has established (c) ethnic autonomous areas. 135 c . 155d . 165
25. Training and appointing a sufficient number of ethnic minority cadres is the symbol of (b) and realizing ethnic equality. A. thoroughly solve ethnic problems B. truly implement regional ethnic autonomy C. implement the party's ethnic policy D. further strengthen the party's leadership over all ethnic groups.
26. Most counties and cities in China have more than one ethnic group living together. A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5
27. The development of any national culture is ultimately reflected in (a). A. improvement of national cultural quality B. development of national language C. development of national literature and art D. improvement of national cultural structure
28. Sun Yat-sen believes that the fundamental reason of national character lies in (D). A. bloodline B. language C. custom D. natural forces
29. Make the definition of nation based on dialectical materialism and historical materialism, thus completely denying the theory of "national cultural autonomy" (d). A. Marx B. Engels C. Lenin D. Stalin
30. The main source of ethnic problems in private ownership society is (C). A. Natural factors B. Cultural factors C. Social factors D. Economic factors
3 1. Ethnic problems in the primary stage of socialism are mainly manifested through ethnic contradictions in ethnic exchanges. Ethnic contradictions based on ethnic differences are often manifested as contradictions among various interest groups based on (D), including economic, political, cultural and other aspects. A. Different levels of development B. Different historical traditions C. Political interests D. Economic interests
32. The core of regional ethnic autonomy is (c). A. Establishment and construction of organs of self-government B. Nationalization of organs of self-government C. Exercise of autonomy D. Democratization of organs of self-government.
33. The key to regional ethnic autonomy is (a). A. Establishment and construction of organs of self-government B. Nationalization of organs of self-government C. Exercise of autonomy D. Democratization of organs of self-government.
34. The border areas where ethnic minorities live are bordered by (c) countries. A.7 B.8 C. 10 plus D.20 plus
35. Ethnic identification in China began shortly after the founding of New China and was basically completed in (d). a 1954 b 1965 c 1978d 1987
36. In China, there are (c) ethnic minorities who practise regional ethnic autonomy. 28 to 35. China's basic principle in dealing with the relationship between ethnic autonomous organs and state organs at higher levels is (B). A. Centralized system B. Democratic centralism C. Local autonomy D. Political consultation system
38. There are about 30 million ethnic minorities living in large and medium-sized cities and rural areas in China, including ethnic townships 1200, accounting for about (b) of the total population of ethnic minorities in China. a . 1/2 b . 1/3 c . 2/3d . 2/5
39. In Chinese mainland, there are ethnic minorities living in (b) provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. A.24 B.3 1 C.36 D.4 1
40. Only 12 ethnic minorities in China have traditional Chinese characters that are still in use today, with a total of (D). 12 b . 13 c . 14d . 15
4 1. Among the 55 ethnic minorities in China, the ethnic group that currently uses Chinese is (a). A. Manchu, Hui B. Hui, Zhuang C. Manchu, Zhuang D. Manchu, Mongolian
42. What we usually call national culture mainly refers to (b). A. Material culture B. Spiritual culture C. Institutional culture D. Folk culture
43. China is a country with diversified religions, and the religion that has the greatest influence on ethnic minorities is (C). A. Buddhism and Taoism B. Buddhism and _ _ _ C. Buddhism and Islam D. Buddhism and primitive religion 44. At present, the ethnic relations in China are basically (D). A. between different ethnic groups B. between ethnic autonomous areas and the central government C. between ethnic groups and organs of self-government D. between working people of all ethnic groups
45. There are many nationalities living in more than 200 countries and regions. The vast majority of countries are multi-ethnic countries, and the single-ethnic country in the strict sense is disappearing. a . 10000 b . 12000 c . 3 000D . 1000
46. At present, China's ethnic problems are mainly manifested in the urgent demand for (b) by ethnic minorities and ethnic areas. A, strengthen regional ethnic autonomy; b, accelerate economic and cultural development; c, improve the level of cultural education; d, expand the ranks of ethnic cadres.
47. The main tasks of ethnic work at this stage are (1). A. accelerate the economic and social development of ethnic minorities and ethnic areas B. help the economic and cultural development of ethnic areas C. promote and promote the economic development of ethnic areas D. all ethnic groups work together for common prosperity and development.
48. Before the founding of New China, there were only (b) minority languages. 16 b . 18 c . 19d . 20
49. Since the founding of New China 60 years ago, the number of ethnic minority cadres has increased from 1950 to more than 1000 (D) now. A. More than 2.6 million people B. More than 2.7 million people C. More than 2.8 million people D. More than 2.9 million people.
50. After the founding of New China, the Party and the state successively helped (a) ethnic minorities with no or incomplete scripts to create phonography in Latin alphabet. a . 1 1b . 12c . 13d . 14.5 1。 After the founding of New China, the imperialist forces in the church were eliminated, and the church's "three-self" policy was (B). A. Self-reliance, self-reliance, self-reliance B. Self-reliance, self-reliance and autobiography C. Self-management, self-collection and self-support D. Self-reliance, self-reliance and self-reliance
52. The community of people based on geographical relationship is (D )A A, clan b, clan c, tribal alliance d, nation.
1950165438+1October 24th, the central people's government promulgated (a), which stipulated the policy of "training a large number of ethnic minority cadres". A "Pilot Project for Training Minority Cadres" B "People's Republic of China (PRC) Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy" C "People's Republic of China (PRC) Constitution" D "Work Instructions for Northwest Minorities"
From 54. 1979, the state organized Beijing to support Inner Mongolia, Hebei to support Guizhou, Jiangsu to support Guangxi and Xinjiang, Shandong to support Qinghai, Tianjin to support Gansu, Shanghai to support Yunnan and Ningxia, and the whole country to support Tibet. Later, it was decided that while insisting on state support for Tibet, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Tianjin should give priority to supporting Tibet. This action is called (d). A. western development B. hand in hand C. sunshine project D. counterpart support
55. Due to the backward development of education in ethnic areas, a large number of urgently needed talents cannot be cultivated, which leads to the lack of a large number of (A) in ethnic areas, resulting in backward education and slow economic development. A. Scientific personnel and teachers B. Scientific personnel C. Teachers D. R&D personnel
56. What plays a decisive role in national development is (b). A. Political development B. Economic development C. Cultural and educational development D. Social development
57. In ancient China, the specific title of national community was (A). A.yi B. race C.yi D. barbarian
58. The slogan of freedom of religious belief was first put forward by (c). A. the slave-owning class B. the landlord class C. the bourgeoisie D. the proletariat