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Historical development and playing form of clarinet
Clarinet is a woodwind instrument with a long history in Europe. It has been used since the Middle Ages. It originated in Italy in15th century and prevailed in European countries in16-18th century. /kloc-There were many shapes in the 6th century. At present, the tenor clarinet and subwoofer clarinet in C are commonly used, and the bass clarinet in F has a range of two octaves. Clarinet became a popular musical instrument in its early years because of its soft voice, slightly nasal sound and relatively simple production. Straight flute is an important wind instrument in Europe and a standard solo instrument in Baroque era. At present, the eight-hole clarinet plays a great role in professional music performance and general music education in developed countries. This instrument can be seen everywhere from the world-famous Vienna Conservatory of Music to ordinary primary and secondary schools. Professional clarinet orchestras and clarinet research societies also abound. Clarinet competitions are often held all over the world, and clarinet music is often played by radio and TV stations all over the world.

Clarinet has become one of the most popular musical instruments in the world today. Clarinet is pure and beautiful, soft and light, and is called? Soft flute? 、? A flute that sings like a bird? . Pronunciation is made by the vibration of the reed, which is permanently fixed in the pronunciation window and can be blown with the strength of natural breathing, so that people can easily get wonderful music from the beginning of learning.

The eight-hole clarinet is a series of musical instruments. There are five common types, namely, ultra-tenor flute, treble flute, alto flute, tenor flute and bass flute. These instruments can be combined into a band and play colorful music. Eight-hole clarinet belongs to twelve musical instruments, which can be tuned at will, with a range of more than two octaves and extremely rich expressive force. Therefore, learning the eight-hole clarinet, just like learning any western musical instrument, can effectively cultivate people's fixed pitch concept and effectively improve people's musical professionalism. Clarinet has become a popular musical instrument with the largest number of learners in many countries, even in China.

Although the eight-hole clarinet is easy to learn, its playing skills are very rich, and learners must learn systematically step by step under the guidance of teachers in order to succeed.

The clarinet is called clarinet in Taiwan Province province, clarinet in Chinese mainland and wooden clarinet is called wooden flute. Straight flute is a woodwind instrument with a straight body and a long tube. It doesn't rely on a spring, but on a mouthpiece with a special geometry, similar to a whistle. A clarinet with a mouthpiece and a piano body with six holes and eight holes.

The standard flute system is quite simple, with only eight sound holes. Semitones within two and a half octaves can be obtained by pressing different combinations of holes. Therefore, the straight flute is a 12 rhythmic instrument, which can play any of 24 major and minor sounds.

Playing clarinet fingering

Because there are only eight holes, the fingering of the straight flute is extremely complicated and inconvenient when playing the far key. The flute has more than 20 complicated keys and sound holes, which seems to be much more complicated than the straight flute. In fact, the more keys, the more regular fingering, so the semitone fingering of flute is much simpler than clarinet.

Playback system

What does straight flute matter because of fingering? German flute? With what? Baroque flute? Points. The difference between the two is that the fingering of some sounds is different according to the hole method, and correspondingly, the size of the corresponding sound hole on the straight flute is also different. German fingering is widely used in music teaching in primary and secondary schools in Germany, China and other places because of its simple operation in the initial stage. However, German fingering is very inconvenient for high notes, which is not conducive to playing more difficult works. Professional flute players all over the world use baroque fingering to play professionally.

The status of clarinet

Because the introduction of straight flute is easy, unlike flute, which needs practice to play the basic scale, it is used as a teaching instrument for music introduction all over the world. But don't think this instrument can only be used as a teaching instrument. In fact, the straight flute is an important solo instrument in the history of European music. Straight flute has a long history, and the longest preserved straight flute was made in14th century. There are similar flutes in older western paintings, but when they first appeared has not been determined. Throughout the Baroque era, the straight flute was usually given a solo status similar to a violin because of its perfect timbre and profound skills. Any important composer in Baroque period wrote countless sonatas and concertos for flute. Bach, Gandel, Teleman and Vivaldi are the most famous. Bach is particularly fond of this instrument. In his Brandenburg concerto, he used the straight flute more than the horizontal flute. Especially the second movement of the second Brandenburg Concerto, his three fugues for flute, oboe and violin are classics.

After the classical period, because the flute surpassed the straight flute in volume, this instrument was eliminated by the modern symphony orchestra. Then it was gradually forgotten, and its fate was similar to that of the ancient cello viola da gamba, and it was no longer used as an instrument of standard classical music.

Until the 20th century, after entering the modern era, with the rise of retro style, the straight flute regained people's favor. Many contemporary composers have rewritten solos, sonatas and concertos for the flute. In any European country, the straight flute is a regular major in the Conservatory of Music, with the same status as violin and oboe. Flute major does not belong to the orchestra department, but generally belongs to the baroque music department. But its musical charm is obviously not limited to baroque music. Modern excellent flute players can play tartini's "The Devil's Tremble" or many other famous violin technical works perfectly and completely with an 8-hole flute.

Shape of musical instrument

Straight flute is a family musical instrument. There are several straight flutes in this family: small ultra-high flute, ultra-high flute, high flute, alto flute, tenor flute, bass flute, bass flute, bass flute, bass flute and bass flute.

In this family, tenor flute, alto flute, tenor flute and bass flute are the most widely used at present.

All the above instruments are in F and C keys. For example, if the tenor flute is F, then both tenor flute and tenor flute are C.

Among them, the most prominent solo is alto flute, with moderate range and flexible skills. The range is f 1-g3 (or higher). Secondly, tenor flute and tenor flute are more commonly used for solo. Among them, the high-pitched flute is a popular teaching instrument in primary and secondary schools in Chinese mainland. Different types of straight flutes can form a straight flute combination.

Modern clarinet music

Arnold Dolmetsch made an excellent clarinet in Antique, and soon other manufacturers adopted this mode, but not all of them were correct. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, clarinet was widely used in German music education. Peter Harlan, a German clarinet manufacturer, changed the position of traditional fingering and tried to simplify the fingering of clarinet scales to make it easier for school children to learn. The fingering of this change is German fingering, which conflicts with the' balance' between pitch and clarinet fingering. German fingering really makes the treble clarinet play. Most musical instrument manufacturers follow the traditional perfect design and make Baroque clarinet and Renaissance clarinet which are more in line with the background of their playing works. Neo-Baroque is a new baroque flute mass-produced with plastic and wood. Now it is used by the public, which makes clarinet occupy a dominant position in the early music Renaissance. Clarinet is easy for beginners to learn, which contributes to its popularization. However, after in-depth understanding, it is found that the shallow clarinet skills can cope with simple music works, while the difficult clarinet skills are quite difficult to control, which also makes many composers flinch, which is why many musicians just want to classify clarinet as a teaching instrument rather than a real instrument. In fact, the volume of clarinet is still not as good as that of symphony orchestra, but since chamber music has been widely accepted and loved by the world, clarinet no longer needs to pursue high volume, and its unique warm timbre can be developed in chamber music. After the clarinet was revived from Dolmetsch to 1950, it caused a lot of prosperity. Frans Bruggen of the Netherlands vigorously promoted the playing method of taking history as the purpose and innovated the playing skills of modern clarinet. The promotion of this Dutch music school has brought clarinet back to its position in the history of music. Nowadays, clarinet performance is regarded as the main instrument in colleges and universities, and there are also international professional and amateur clarinet competitions. High-level clarinet works are also widely created. Clarinet has kept pace with other musical instruments in the world music stage, and it is no longer just a tool for children's music education.

Concert performer

Telemann, a clarinet master in Baroque period.

Walter Van Hauwe, a clarinet master, once said in his book: If you compare Stravinsky's reaction to his music when he was young, you can see how quickly people's taste in listening to songs has changed. ? Thirty-five years later, the music of Stravinsky and Schoenberg has long been accepted by people, and during these ten or twenty years, the Beatles' music has already become a part of popular culture. This passage truly describes the changes in the history of music.

In the second half of the eighteenth century, similar changes must have taken place. what has changed?

At that time, opera began to be popular with everyone, the symphony orchestra became bigger, and private boxes began to appear in the concert hall. Of course, musical instruments became louder, bigger, wider in range and more musical, which led to the birth of new music. But at that time, most musical instruments could not produce such an effect, so the transformation of musical instruments began. However, some musical instruments cannot be reformed and developed for some reasons. Of course, clarinet is one of them. Clarinet can't develop because of its soft timbre, limited range, difficult transposition and difficult pitch control. Even when the clarinet was excavated around 1900, it still encountered the same problems as18th century, and it still could not compete with symphony instruments in volume. But because chamber music has been paid more and more attention, clarinet doesn't need to be compared with symphony instruments. Now, clarinet has developed newer and better playing skills, and of course it has created another new situation.

The bold beginning, deep sigh, light dance steps and excited but appropriate emotions are the most perfect explanations for describing the music at the beginning of the17th century. In fact, in the music at that time, there were few works named specifically for clarinets, most of which were.

It was written for the violin or other wind music at that time. However, at that time, players had a lot of freedom and space to choose suitable instruments to play, so there would be different versions of the same work played by different instruments, and clarinet also showed irreplaceable musical characteristics in the music at that time.

Telemann, German composer, 1948 was born in Germany on March 6th. Most of his music education comes from self-study. However, at the age of 12, he worked as a substitute music teacher in a music school, but his mother forbade him to continue his music career. However, when 17 years old, when he 17 years old, and the next four years, I watched all the concerts in this city. Unfortunately, his mother once again banned him from studying music and forced him to transfer to Leipzig to study law. Of course, we can still learn about Telemann today. One of his roommates can make a great contribution. One day, his roommate stumbled upon one of Telemann's works and arranged for it to be performed in St. Thomas's Church. Of course, the result caused great and small repercussions. At that time, the mayor of Leipzig gave Telemann a task to publish a new oratorio every week, and Telemann's music career began.

I think many students have played Telemann's works and often heard the name Telemann. However, you can't imagine how hard it was for this great composer to learn music when he was young. Although Telemann is not good at change, his friend Bach doesn't feel deeply about his heart, and Gandel doesn't have rich variability, his music is fluid and spiritual. On the other hand, because Telemann is full of innovative skills, his music is silent.

Telemann has spanned several new musical eras. Telemann is better than Sch? Ji Shu was born seven years later and died three years before Beethoven was born. He has many great music works and created the great German romantic music at that time. Compared with other Bach and Gandel, Telemann is deeply rooted in the traditional Baroque music, and witnessed the changes in the Baroque era, and entered a new and less complicated music style, because the biggest difference between Baroque Bach and Gandel is that Telemann promoted the evolution of this new music style, and he changed the old Baroque music style.