Sociology originated at the end of19th century, and it is a discipline to study society. According to the development degree and time sequence, sociological theories are generally divided into classical sociological theories, modern sociological theories and contemporary sociological theories. Comte, the father of sociology, founded the first social theory-social evolution theory. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, the three major social theories were social evolution theory, social circulation theory and Marxist historical materialism.

The period from 1830 to the end of 19 is generally considered as the foundation period of western sociology. The sociological characteristics of this period are: close relationship with philosophy; (2) Influenced by positivism; (3) The purpose of establishing sociology is to maintain and coordinate the existing social relations.

The growth period of sociological academic scale is from the end of 19 to the 1930s. The development of sociology can be regarded as a positive response to modernity problems such as industrialization, urbanization and secularization, and also as an understanding and reflection on social rationalization. In the initial period of sociology, the field of sociology occupied a dominant position in the European continent, following a development track similar to that of British anthropology and statistics. However, after entering the twentieth century, the situation began to reverse, and more and more sociologists were active in the so-called "English circle", that is, the English area. At the same time, sociology has established its own research scope and methods, an independent discipline system has basically taken shape, and the research scope has become more and more specific and specialized. Early sociologists rarely confined themselves to specific and narrow research topics, such as economics, law, psychology, philosophy and other theoretical related fields. Since sociology was founded in18th century, the epistemology, methods and research framework of sociology have been experiencing expansion and divergence, forming a situation in which a hundred schools of thought contend. During this period, the positivism route represented by Emile Durkheim, the anti-positivism route represented by Max Weber and the traditional sociological research situation of social investigation represented by Chicago School in the United States were formed. Durkheim's sociological theory focuses on social relations and social solidarity, adheres to social consciousness and social holism, and advocates empirical research on the whole level of society. At the same time, he is also interested in social anomalies and social deviations. Weber tends to be individualistic, that is, he advocates explaining the personal motives and hidden secrets behind specific social actions and social phenomena. He tried to verify that there is an invisible spiritual power behind any social phenomenon.