The history of Fiji

Oceania

Name of flag country, capital, population (ten thousand) and area (square kilometers)

Australia, Canberra 1 830, 7 682 300

Nauru, Aaron 1. 1, 2 1. 1.

Palau, 2,458 kronor

Port Merzby, Papua New Guinea

Samoa, Apia17,2 934

Suva, Fiji 80.9 18 272

Solomon Islands, Honiara 40.4, 28 369

Kiribati, Tarawa 8.2,811

Micronesia (Federated States of), palikir 1 1, 705.

Tuvalu, Funafuti 1.26

Wellington, New Zealand, 378,270 534

Tonga, Nukuwalo Law 9.8,699

Majuro 6, Marshall Islands, 180

Vanuatu, Port Vila 20, 12 190

general situation

Oceania.

Location: located in the vast sea area north and south of the equator in the southwest and south of the Pacific Ocean. Its narrow scope refers to Polynesia in the east, Micronesia in the middle and Melanesia in the west. Broadly speaking, it refers to Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea (Irian Island) except the above three islands. Area: Oceania has a total land area of about 8.97 million square kilometers, accounting for about 6% of the total land area of the earth, making it the smallest continent in the world.

Geographical area: there are 14 independent countries in Oceania, and the remaining ten areas are still under the jurisdiction of the United States, Britain, France and other countries. It is geographically divided into six regions: Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia.

resident

The population is 29 million. It accounts for about 0.5% of the world's population and is the least populated continent in the world except Antarctica. 65% of the population of the whole continent is distributed in the Australian mainland. The population density among island countries varies greatly. Local residents such as Papuans, Australians, Tasmanians, Maori, melanesians, Micronesia and Polynesia account for about 20% of the total population, and European descendants account for more than 70%, in addition to mixed-race, Indians, China and Japanese.

Language: Most residents speak English, while the local residents of the three islands speak Melanesian, Micronesia and Polynesian.

Religion: Most residents believe in Christianity, a few believe in Catholicism and most Indians believe in Hinduism.

natural environment

The coastline of the mainland is about 19 000 km long. The whole continent is generally below 600 meters above sea level except for a few mountainous areas with an altitude of more than 2000 meters, and the terrain is low and gentle. Generally divided into two parts: the mainland and the island: the western plateau of the Australian mainland. 200 above sea level? 00 meters, mostly desert and semi-desert, but also some mountains with an altitude of 1 000 meters; The central plain is below 200 meters above sea level, and the lake surface of North Aier Lake is 16 meters above sea level, which is the lowest point in Oceania. The eastern mountain is 800 meters above sea level? 000 meters, the eastern slope of the mountain is steep and the western slope is gentle. New Guinea, New Zealand's North Island and South Island are all mainland islands with narrow plains and many mountains above 2000 meters above sea level. Puncak jaya on the new guinea is the highest point in Oceania, with an altitude of 5029 meters. Melanesian islands are mostly continental, which is the continuation of the arc mountains on the continental margin. There are deep-sea basins and deep-sea trenches between island arcs. Most of the islands in Polynesia and Micronesia belong to coral reef type, with small area and low terrain. Many islands have lagoons surrounded by coral reefs, which become natural ship berths and water airports. In addition, there are a few volcanic islands formed by the accumulation of submarine volcanic eruption materials, such as Hawaiian Islands, Palau Islands, Solomon Islands, New hebrides and so on. It is characterized by high mountains, dangerous terrain and numerous natural harbors. The outflow area of water system accounts for about 48% of the total area, and murray river is the longest river and the largest river basin. The internal flow area (including no flow area) accounts for about 52% of the total area, all of which are distributed in the central and western Australia, and the main internal flow flows into Bell Lake. Compared with other continents, there are very few rivers in Oceania, with short rivers and little water. The rainy season soars, and sometimes the water is stopped in the dry season, which is not conducive to navigation, but all rivers are frozen almost all year round. There are few lakes in Oceania. The largest lake is Lake Bell in Australia, with an area of about 8,200 square kilometers, which varies with the precipitation. The deepest lake is Tianao Lake at the southwest end of South Island, New Zealand, with a depth of 276 meters. There are many lakes in mainland Australia. In addition to building lakes, New Zealand also has dammed lakes formed by lava blocking rivers. There are volcanic lakes on the island of Hawaii. In addition, many islands have lagoons surrounded by coral reefs. The lagoon on New Georgia Island is one of the largest lagoons in the world, and the Merkel Lagoon in Palau is also famous.

Volcano: The coastal islands in the east and north of Australia are part of the volcanic belt on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. There are more than 60 active volcanoes in Oceania, and there are more than 30 in Melanesia alone. Mauna Loa volcano on the island of Hawaii is the highest active volcano in Oceania, with an altitude of 4 170 meters.

Climate: Most of Oceania lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the south, and most of it is tropical and subtropical. Australia has a maritime climate except continental climate. The average annual temperature in most areas is 25? Between 8℃. In the northern hemisphere, from the northernmost surface of the Hawaiian Islands to the equator, the average temperature in the coldest month rises from 16℃ to 25℃. The southern hemisphere increases from 50 south latitude to equator, from 6℃ to 25℃; The South Island of New Zealand and the mountainous areas in southeastern Australia can reach below 0℃. From the northernmost part of the Hawaiian Islands to the vicinity of the Mariana Islands, the average temperature in the hottest month in the northern hemisphere rose from 24℃ to over 28℃. The southern hemisphere starts from about 50 degrees south latitude to northwest Australia, and rises from 12℃ to 32℃. The extreme maximum temperature in Crockley, Queensland, Australia is 53℃, which is the hottest place in Oceania. The average annual precipitation in the desert areas of central and western Australia is less than 250 mm, which is the least in Oceania. The annual average precipitation in the northeast of Kauai, Hawaii is as high as 12 000 mm, which is one of the regions with more precipitation in the world. Northern New Guinea, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia are tropical precipitation areas, which are rainy all year round. The average annual precipitation on windward slopes exceeds 2,000 mm, and in northern Melanesia, northern New Guinea and southern Marshall Islands, the average annual precipitation can reach 3,000 mm.. 000 mm, the leeward slope is only about 1 000 mm, and the northern part of Australia and the southeast coast of New Guinea belong to warm season rainfall areas, with an average annual precipitation of 750? 000 mm, warm season precipitation accounts for about 50? 0%。 Southeast Australia and New Zealand belong to temperate precipitation areas, with relatively uniform precipitation in each month, but slightly more in winter, with an average annual precipitation of 500? 000 mm above, up to 5000 mm in some areas. The southwest and southwest coast of Australia belong to the Mediterranean winter precipitation area, and the winter precipitation accounts for about 40-60% of the annual precipitation. natural resource

Mineral resources are rich in nickel, bauxite, gold, chromium, phosphate, iron, silver, lead, zinc, coal, petroleum, natural gas, uranium, titanium and struvite. Nickel reserves are about 46 million tons, ranking first in all continents; Bauxite reserves are 4.62 billion tons, ranking second in all continents.

Forests and grasslands: The forest area accounts for about 9% of the total area, accounting for about 2% of the total forest area in the world. It produces a variety of precious wood such as pine, beech, palm, eucalyptus, fir, ebony and mahogany. Grassland accounts for more than 50% of the total area of Oceania and about 16% of the total grassland area of the world.

Water conservancy: the hydraulic reserves are about1350,000 kilowatts, accounting for 4.9% of the world's total hydraulic reserves; 2.8 million kilowatts of hydropower have been developed, accounting for 1.8% of the world's total development. It is estimated that the annual power generation can reach 200 billion kWh, accounting for about 2% of the world's exploitable hydropower resources.

Fishery: The waters near Melanesia, the southeast coast of Australia and the waters near New Zealand are the main fishing grounds, rich in sardines, cod, eels, mackerel and whales.

General situation of economy

There are significant differences in the level of economic development among countries in Oceania. Australia and New Zealand have developed economies, while other island countries are mostly agricultural countries with relatively backward economies. Crops include wheat, coconut, sugarcane, pineapple and natural rubber. Wheat production accounts for about 3% of the world's total wheat production, and the main foods of local residents are potatoes, corn and rice. Sheep is the main animal husbandry, and the number of sheep accounts for about 20% of the total number of sheep in the world. Wool production accounts for about 40% of the world's total wool production.

Industry: Oceania's industry is mainly concentrated in Australia, followed by New Zealand. Mainly distributed in mining, steel, non-ferrous metal smelting, machinery manufacturing, chemistry, building materials, textiles and other departments. The industries of Oceania island countries are mostly distributed in their respective capitals or capitals, which are generally relatively backward. They are mainly based on the exploitation and processing of agriculture, forestry and livestock products, mostly controlled by foreign capital, and their products are mostly used for export.

Tourism: In recent years, Oceania countries have attached importance to the development of tourism. Tonga, Vanuatu and other countries have considerable tourism income and become an important part of the national economy. Oceania is located between Asia, South America and North America, bordering Antarctica in the south, which is the only way to connect the routes of all continents. Many international submarine cables pass through here, and ocean transportation has become an important means of communication between countries and islands. Land transportation mainly includes railways and highways. The total length of the highway is over 6,543,800 kilometers. The total length of the railway is over 46,000 kilometers. Inland navigation mileage is about 1000 km. There are air routes to capitals and important regions in the continent, and there are also links with important port cities outside the continent.

Commonwealth of Australia

Australia

Capital: Canberra

Area: 7,682,300 square kilometers

International telephone code: 6 1

Population:18.55 million (1997)

Language: English, indigenous languages

Currency: Australian dollar

Ethnic composition: 95.2% are descendants of immigrants from Britain and other European countries, 1.3% are Asians, 1.5% are aborigines, and 2% are other ethnic groups.

Religion: No state religion, Anglican Church 26. 1%, Roman Catholicism 26%, other Christian sects 24.3%, Judaism, Islam and Buddhism 23.6%.

brief history

As early as 40,000 years ago, aborigines lived and multiplied in this ancient land of Australia. So far, the total number of Australian aborigines is only 50 thousand. According to relevant data, as early as 15 and 16 centuries, some navigators from Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands set foot in Australia. 1770, the British navigator Captain Cook discovered the east coast of Australia, named it "New South Wales" and declared it to be owned by Britain.

1788 65438+1On October 26th, a fleet of six prisoners led by Captain Philip arrived in Australia for the first time, formally establishing the first British colony in Australia. To commemorate the then British Home Secretary Sydney, the British named the landing site "Sydney". Now, 65438+ every year1October 26th is Australia's National Day.

The first batch of about 800 prisoners, most of whom died because of the hardships of the journey and the abuse of the escorts. 1790, the first batch of freemen moved to Australia, with Sydney as the center, and gradually developed inland. By 1803, the colonial area had expanded to today's Tasmania. The early colonies only depended on agriculture to survive, and then used Australia's natural conditions to develop animal husbandry. By 18 19, animal husbandry in Australia has made great progress. At that time, Captain McCarthy and his wife jointly bred the earliest snail horn sheep in Australia. The total number of sheep in their pasture has reached 6000. The wool produced by the colonies was not only self-sufficient, but also exported to Britain in exchange for daily necessities for Australia. By 1850, the sheep industry in Australia had developed to a considerable scale, and the total number of sheep reached180,000. At that time, more than half of the total wool imported by Britain came from Australia. Sydney and Melbourne have replaced Hamburg, Germany, as the most famous wool distribution centers in the world.

In 1950s, gold mines were discovered in New South Wales and Victoria. A large number of gold prospectors from Europe, America and China flocked to China. The population of Australia has soared from 400,000 in 1850 to10,000,000. After that, many important gold mines were discovered one by one. During the same period, a large number of mineral deposits were discovered.

After establishing colonies in New South Wales and Tasmania. Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Queensland have successively established colonial areas in 1829, 1836, 185 1 and 1859, and the links between colonial areas have been strengthened, so it is imperative to establish a unified federation. 190 1 June 65438+1 October1day, the British Parliament adopted the constitution negotiated by the six Australian colonies, and formally established the Commonwealth of Australia. The first six colonies became six states under the union.

1927, the capital moved to Canberra. 193 1 year, the British Parliament passed the Westminster Act, which made Australia independent in domestic and foreign affairs and became an independent country in the Commonwealth.

Republic of Nauru

Area: 2 1. 1 km2 (land area)

Population: 10700 (1998)

Ethnic composition: Nauru is 57%, and others are South Pacific islanders, Chinese, Filipinos and Europeans.

Language: Nauru is the national language, and English is widely used.

Religion: Most residents believe in Protestantism and a few believe in Catholicism.

brief history

Nauru lives on the island. The British ship Hunter first arrived in Nauru on 1798. 1888 was incorporated into the German Marshall Islands Reserve. At the beginning of the 20th century, the British were allowed to mine phosphate here. 1920, the League of Nations placed Nauru under the joint management of Britain, Australia and New Zealand, and Australia exercised power on behalf of the three countries. 1942 ~ 1945 was occupied by Japan. 1947 became a United Nations trusteeship, which is still jointly managed by Australia, New Zealand and Britain. 1968 65438+1October 3 1 independence.

Republic of Vanuatu

Capital: Port Vila

Area: land area 1.2 1.9 million square kilometers, water area 848,000 square kilometers.

Population: 193200 (1999).

Ethnic composition: 98% are Vanuatu, belonging to melanesians species; The rest are descendants of France, Britain and China, Vietnamese and Polynesian immigrants, and people from other island countries nearby.

Language: The official languages are English, French and Bislama, which is commonly used.

Religion: 84% people believe in Christianity.

brief history

Vanuatu people lived here thousands of years ago. 1606 was discovered by Spanish explorers. 1768 The French came here. 1774, Captain Cook of England came here and named this place "New hebrides". 1906 10 10 In October, Britain and France signed a condominium convention, and this place became a condominium colony of Britain and France. 1963, the indigenous people set up the first political party-the village party, demanding land recovery and independence. 1978 65438+ 10 will implement internal autonomy. 1independence on July 30, 980. After independence, Walter Lini, the leader of the New Hebrides Party (later renamed Vanuaku Party), became the first prime minister and Sokomanu became the president. 1989 65438+1On October 30th, Frederick Timakata was inaugurated as President. 1March, 994, Jean-Marie Rey became president.

Republic of the Marshall Islands

Capital: Majuro

Area: land area 18 1.3 km2.

Population: 50,865 (65,438+0,999).

Ethnic composition: Most of them belong to Micronesia.

Language: Marshall is the official language, and English is also widely used.

Religion: 54.8% of the population is Protestant, 25.8% is Anglican, 8.7% is Catholic, and 65,438+0.5% is not religious.

brief history

/kloc-it was first discovered by western navigators at the beginning of the 6th century. 1788, British captain john marshall visited here, hence the name of the islands. 1886 became a protected area in Germany. It was occupied by Japan at the beginning of World War I and became Japan's combat base in the Pacific Ocean during World War II. 1944- 1947, the United States actually marched. The United Nations entrusted it to the United States in July 1947, and later formed four political entities, namely, the Republic of Palau, the Northern Mariana Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia. The Treaty of Free Association was formally signed with the United States on June 25th, 1983, and came into force on June 25th, 1986. According to the Treaty of Free Association, Malaysia gained autonomy in internal affairs and foreign affairs, and the United States was responsible for security and defense 15 years. It can participate in regional organizations, but not in the United Nations. 199065438+On February 22nd, the UN Security Council held a formal meeting and adopted a resolution to terminate the trusteeship agreement of some Pacific Trust Territories, officially ending the trusteeship status of the Republic of Marshall Islands. On September 6th, 2007, Marshall became a full member of the United Nations.

Kingdom of Tonga

Capital: Nuku 'alofa

Area: The land area is 747 square kilometers, and the sea area is 259,000 square kilometers.

Population: 98989 (1998)

Ethnic composition: Tongans (Polynesians) account for 98%.

English: Tongan and English are widely used.

Religion: Most residents believe in Christianity.

brief history

The Kingdom of Tonga was founded more than 1000 years ago and has experienced four dynasties so far. /kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, the Dutch invaded. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/8th century, British, Spanish and other colonists arrived. 1900 became a British protectorate. During World War II, the United States and New Zealand established military supply bases here. 65438+ declared its independence and became a member of the Commonwealth on June 4, 1970.

New Zealand

Capital: Wellington

Area: 2.687 million square kilometers

International telephone code: 64

Population: 3.69 million (1998)

Language: English, Maori

Currency: Singapore dollar

Ethnic composition: 88% are descendants of European immigrants, 8.9% are Maori, 2.9% are Pacific islanders and 0.2% are other ethnic groups.

Religion: There is no state religion, 66.7% residents believe in Protestantism and Catholicism, 9% have no religion or fixed belief, and 24.3% are other religions.

brief history

As early as 1350, Maori had recently settled. 1642 Dutch navigator landed in New Zealand. From 1769 to 1777, Captain Cook of England visited New Zealand five times. Since then, Britain has had a large number of new immigrants and declared occupation. 1840, Britain forced Maori chiefs to sign the Treaty of Waitangi, which stipulated that this was a new British colony. 1907 Britain agreed to new independence and became a dominion of the British Empire, and its politics, economy and diplomacy were still under British control. 1947 gained full autonomy and became a sovereign state. Is a member of the Commonwealth.

Tuvalu

Capital: Funafuti

Area: the land area is 26 square kilometers, and the water area is about 654.38+0.3 million square kilometers.

Population: 10200 (1997)

Ethnic composition: Polynesian.

Language: English is the official language and Tuvalu is the common language.

Religion: Residents believe in Christianity.

brief history

Tuvalu lives on the island. 1892 Britain declared Tuvalu and nearby Gilbert as British "protected areas". 19 16 is classified as "British Gilbert and Ellis Islands Colony". 1975 10 was legally separated from Gilbert and renamed Tuvalu (meaning Eight Islands Group). /kloc-0 implemented autonomy in June, 1978, and achieved independence in 1 year1October, with Toalipi Lauti as prime minister. In September, tommasi Puapua succeeded as Prime Minister. 1In September, 985, Puapua was re-elected as Prime Minister.

Republic of Kiribati

Capital: Tarawa

Area: the total land area is 8 12 square kilometers, and the water area is 3.5 million square kilometers.

Population: 80,000 (1997).

Ethnic composition: More than 90% belong to Micronesia, and the rest are Polynesians and European immigrants.

Language: English is the official language, Kiribati and English are the common languages.

Religion: Most residents believe in Roman Catholicism and Kiribati Protestantism.

brief history

Malayo-Polynesians settled 3000 years ago. About14th century, Fiji and Tonga invaded and intermarried with local people, forming Kiribati. 1892, gilbert islands and some islands of Ellis Islands became British "protected areas". 19 16 is classified as "British Gilbert and Ellis Islands Colony" (1975 Ellis Islands was renamed Tuvalu after separation). It was occupied by Japan in World War II. 0977 1 97765438+10/month1implemented internal autonomy. 1July 1979 12 Independence, renamed Kiribati, member of the Commonwealth.

Solomon Islands

Capital: Honiara

Area: 28,369 square kilometers

Population: 426,000 (65,438+0,999),

Ethnic composition: melanesians is 94.2%, Polynesian is 4%, Micronesia 1.4%, and white is 0.4%. There are over 1000 people in China.

Language: There are 87 dialects in China, Pijiang is widely spoken, and English is the official language.

Religion: More than 95% of the residents believe in Christianity, Protestantism and Catholicism, and the Anglican Church has two-thirds of the country's believers.

brief history

People lived here as early as 3000 years ago. 1568 was discovered and named by the Spanish. Colonists such as Holland, Germany and Britain came here one after another. 1885 north Solomon became a protectorate of Germany. 1893 South Solomon became a British protectorate. 1900, Germany ceded most of Solomon Islands to Britain in exchange for the free use of Samoa Islands. Britain subsequently established the "British Solomon Islands Protected Area". It was occupied by Japan during World War II. 1976 65438+1October 2, internal autonomy will be implemented. Independence on July 7 1978. Now he is a member of the Commonwealth, the United Nations and the South Pacific Forum.

Fiji

Capital: Suva

Area: 18333.00 km2

Time difference with Beijing: +4.00

International telephone code: 679

Population: 820,000 (1998)

Language: English is the official language, and Fijian and Hindi are also spoken.

Currency: Fiji dollar

Ethnic composition: Indian 48.6%, Fijian 46.2%, European, Rotuma, China and others 5.2%.

Religion: There is no official religion, 53% believe in Christianity, 38% believe in Hinduism and 8% are Muslims.

brief history

Thousands of years ago, melanesians moved to Fiji. Polynesians came to Fiji in the18th century. The Dutch navigator abel tasman sailed here in 1643, and he was the first European to discover Fiji (there is another saying that the Spanish navigator came to Fiji before Tasman). 1774 British explorer Cook discovered some islands in Fiji. 1840 Wilkes, commander of the American expedition, sailed to Fiji. /kloc-In the 9th century, businessmen, Methodists, missionaries and absconded Australian prisoners came to Fiji to settle down. 187 1 year, chief Bao controlled most of Fiji, ending various tribal conflicts. With the help of King Tupou I of neighboring Tonga, he once won peace in Fiji. In June1874+1October 10 Fiji became a British territory and remained a British colony from then on until June 1970+ 10 became an independent country of the Commonwealth.

Racial tensions plague Fiji. Although the number of descendants of Indian workers who came to Fiji by contract at the end of19th century exceeded that of local residents, they failed to enjoy equal political representation and land ownership. 1In April 1987, the Fiji Labor Party and the National Unity Party won the general election. These two political parties, mainly composed of Indians, occupied a majority of seats in the parliament and formed a new government with Timothy Bavadra as Prime Minister. This is the first time in Fiji's history that most ministerial positions are held by Indians. On May 14 of the same year, Lieutenant Colonel Sitivini Rabuka (later promoted to Major General) staged a military coup and overthrew the government of Bavadra. Then there was a national uproar. After some efforts, the two sides reached an agreement to form a bipartisan interim government. 1On September 25th, 987, Rambuka staged a second coup, but the agreement failed to be implemented. 1987 10 1 year1October, Rabuka abolished the constitution and declared himself the head of state. 654381October 7, he declared Fiji a Republic. In the same year, the Commonwealth Summit held in Canada officially announced that Fiji had lost its membership in the Commonwealth. On February 6, 65438, Rabuka resigned as head of state. 1988 10 10 15, former Governor penaia ganilau who gave up being the representative of the Queen became the first president of the Republic, and a new cabinet with former Prime Minister kamisese mara as Prime Minister was established.

Independent state of Samoa

Capital: Apia

Area: 2934 square kilometers (1995)

Population: 170000( 1997)

Ethnic composition: Samoan, Polynesian; There are also a few other island people in the South Pacific, Europeans and China, and mixed-race.

Language: Samoan is the official language and English is also widely used.

Religion: Most residents believe in Christianity.

brief history

Samoans settled here 3000 years ago. It was conquered by Tonga about 1000 years ago. 1250, the Maglietto Ya family drove away the Tongan invaders and established an independent kingdom. The Dutch discovered Samoa in 1722. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/9th century, Britain, America and Germany invaded one after another. From 65438 to 0899, according to the treaty signed by Britain, the United States and Germany, Samoa became a German colony and East Samoa was ruled by the United States. After the outbreak of World War I, New Zealand declared war on Germany and occupied Samoa. 1920, the League of Nations handed over Saskatchewan to New Zealand. After World War II, the United Nations entrusted Saskatchewan to New Zealand. Internal autonomy began at 1954. 1 962 65438+1October1declared independence. After independence, Margaret and another traditional leader jointly performed the duties of head of state. 1in April, 963, the traditional leader died, and Margaret became the only lifelong head of state.

1In July, 1997, with the approval of the Parliament, the Fuehrer signed and changed the name of the country from an independent country of Western Samoa to an independent country of Samoa.

Independent State of Papua New Guinea

Papua New Guinea

Capital: port moresby.

Area: 462,840.00 square kilometers

Time difference with Beijing: +2.00

International telephone code: 675

Population: 4.602 million (1998)

Language: English and Mozambican are the official languages of Parliament.

Currency: Kina

Ethnic composition: melanesians accounts for 98% of the total population, whites account for 1%, Polynesians, Micronesia, and Chinese account for 1%.

Religion: Protestantism accounts for 63%, Roman Catholicism 3 1%, and other religions account for 6%.

brief history

Before eight noon BC, hunters and farmers from Asia came to settle on the island via Indonesia. After the early 16th century, European sailors came to the island several times and predicted that the island was golden island. 1545 was occupied by Spain. Because its residents are similar to those on the west coast of Africa, the island was named New Guinea.

In 1950s, businessmen followed closely, and German businessmen sought to operate coconut oil business in northern New Guinea. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, Britain and the Netherlands signed an agreement to carve up the island, and the Netherlands began to colonize the western part of the island in 1828. From 1949 to 1962, as a Dutch Guinea, it was ruled by the Netherlands.

In the eastern part of New Guinea, after Australia failed to annex the island in 1884, Britain was worried that the Germans would occupy this area, so it set up its own protected area on the southern coast of New Guinea and its adjacent islands in 1884. The Germans followed closely and occupied three areas in northern New Guinea. 1885, Britain and Germany signed the Anglo-German Agreement, which defined their respective spheres of influence on the island. The following year, German troops occupied northern New Guinea and New Britten Island, New Irish Island and bougainville island, while British troops occupied southern New Guinea and its nearby islands. 190 1 British new guinea was handed over to Australia in and 1906 was renamed as the territory of Papua. During World War I, New Guinea was occupied by Australia in 19 14. 1920 12 17 The League of Nations decided to entrust Australia with management. During World War II, it was occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. After the war, the United Nations entrusted Australia to continue to manage the German part. 1949, Australia merged the former British and German parts into an administrative unit called "Papua New Guinea Territory", and 1972 changed its name to Papua New Guinea. 1 97365438+February1,and gained autonomy. 1September 1975 16 declared independence and became a member of the Commonwealth.

Republic of Palau

Capital: korol.

Area: 458 square kilometers (land area)

Population: 18467( 1999).

Ethnic composition: Most of them belong to Micronesia.

Language: Palau is the official language, and English is also widely used.

Religion: 73% of the country's residents believe in Christianity, of which 40.7% believe in Roman Catholicism and 24.7% believe in Protestantism.

brief history

It was inhabited 4000 years ago. 17 10 was discovered by Spanish explorers. 1885 was occupied by Spain and 1898 was sold to Germany by Spain. It was occupied by Japan in World War I and captured by the United States in World War II. From 65438 to 0947, the United Nations entrusted it to the United States, and together with Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands and Micronesia (Federated States of), it constituted four political entities of the Trust Territory of Pacific Islands. From 65438 to 0969, Palau began negotiations with the United States on its future political status. And signed the Treaty of Free Association with the United States in August 1982. However, in many referendums, the treaty was not adopted because it did not reach the legal majority of 75%. 1993 1 1 The eighth referendum was held in June, and the treaty was finally passed smoothly. According to this treaty, Palau ended its trusteeship status in1June 1994 and1June 1994, and became an independent sovereign country, but it still maintained a special relationship with the United States. In February of that year, Palau joined the United Nations.

Republic of Palau

Capital: korol.

Area: 458 square kilometers (land area)

Population: 18467( 1999).

Ethnic composition: Most of them belong to Micronesia.

Language: Palau is the official language, and English is also widely used.

Religion: 73% of the country's residents believe in Christianity, of which 40.7% believe in Roman Catholicism and 24.7% believe in Protestantism.

brief history

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