Paper is one of the four great scientific and technological inventions in ancient China. Together with the compass, gunpowder and printing, it provided a material and technical foundation for the prosperity of ancient culture in China. The invention of paper ended the complicated history of ancient bamboo slips and greatly promoted the spread and development of culture. In ancient times, ancestors mainly relied on knotted ropes to record. Later, they gradually invented characters and began to use Oracle Bone Inscriptions as writing materials. Later, bamboo and wood chips (bamboo slips) and silk were found and used as writing materials. But paper was invented because silk was too expensive and bamboo was too heavy. According to research, the production of paper began in the Western Han Dynasty. From 65438 to 0957, Shaanxi Provincial Museum excavated a batch of artifacts named "Baqiao Paper" from a Western Han Dynasty tomb near Baqiao in the eastern suburb of xi, and its production date should be no later than the era of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. Later, paper fragments of the Han Dynasty were unearthed in Luobnuoer, Xinjiang, Juyan, Gansu and other places, about 150 to 200 years earlier than the paper made by eunuch Cai Lun from the early Eastern Han Dynasty to Yuanxing. However, we should also see that although paper was invented long ago, it was not widely used at first, and government documents were still written in bamboo slips and silk books. In Xian Di, Zuo Bo, a native of Donglai, improved the previous paper-making method and further improved the paper quality. The paper he made is white, delicate, soft, uniform and bright, and the paper quality is particularly good. Known as "Zuo Bo paper" in the world, especially five-color stationery paper and high-grade stationery. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, paper was widely spread and used, and papermaking was further improved. Before the Jin Dynasty, the paper-making area was concentrated in Luoyang, Henan Province, and gradually spread to Vietnam, Sichuan, Shao, Yang, Anhui, Jiangxi and other places, with increasing output and quality. Paper-making raw materials are also diversified, and there are many names of paper. Such as bamboo curtain paper, the paper has obvious lines, and its paper is tight, thin and even. Tunxi has rattan paper with rattan skin as raw material. The paper is smooth and white as jade, leaving no ink marks. Dongyang has fish egg paper, also known as fish note, which is soft and smooth. Jiangnan uses straw and wheat straw fiber to make paper, which is yellow and rough and difficult to write. In the north, mulberry bark fiber is used to make paper, which has excellent texture, white color, light softness and strong tensile force, and the paper grain tears like cotton silk, so it is called cotton paper. Cai Lun has a wide range of papermaking raw materials. Paper made of rotten fishing nets is called net paper, and paper made of rags is called cloth paper. At that time, the rags of fishing nets were classified as hemp fibers, so they were collectively called hemp paper. In order to prolong the life of paper, the Jin Dynasty has invented a new technology of dyeing paper, that is, impregnating paper with yellow tiller boiling juice, some of which are written first and then dyed, and some are dyed first and then written. Impregnated paper is called dyed yellow paper, which is natural yellow, so it is also called jute paper. Yellow paper has the function of killing insects and moth. In the 8th century, paper was widely used in China. In the following centuries, China exported paper to all parts of Asia and kept the secret of papermaking strictly. In 75 1 year, there was a conflict between the Tang Dynasty and the Arab Empire, and the Arabs captured several China paper makers. Soon, the paper industry rose in Samarkand and Baghdad. In this way, papermaking gradually spread all over the Arab world, where paper was widely used and then spread to North America and Europe through Arab countries. According to historical records, the first paper mill was established in Europe more than 0/000 years after Cai Lun invented papermaking. Although the modern paper industry has developed, its basic principle is still the same as that of Cai Lun. Nine times out of ten, the raw materials for papermaking have been replaced by wood pulp, but the raw materials for making high-grade printing paper, cigarette paper, rice paper and typing wax paper are still nothing more than rags, bark, hemp heads and waste fishing nets used in Cai Lun. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the famous Xuan paper was born. There is a legend in Xuanzhou, Anhui Province, the main producing area of Xuan paper: Cai Lun's apprentice Kong Dan, who made paper in southern Anhui, always wanted to make a particularly ideal white paper for his master to paint and trim the score. But after many experiments, it can't be realized. Once, he happened to see some sandalwood trees lying beside the mountain stream, which had been corroded by water for a long time and had rotted and turned white. Later, he made paper with this bark and finally succeeded. It can be concluded that using bark as rice paper has been very popular in the Tang Dynasty. Hard yellow paper used to write classics in the Tang Dynasty, Cheng Xin Tang paper in the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty, etc. All belong to the category of cooked rice paper. Since then, Xuan paper has been an indispensable treasure for writing and painting. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, almost all the paintings and calligraphy in China were made of rice paper. At the same time, the invention of engraving brush greatly stimulated the development of paper industry, and the papermaking area was further expanded, and famous papers appeared one after another, such as yellow and white linen paper in Yizhou, rattan paper in Hangzhou, Wuzhou, Quzhou and Yuezhou, large paperboard in Zhou Jun, thin paper and white paper in Zhou Pu, Xuan paper in Xuanzhou, hard yellow paper and bamboo paper in Shaozhou, and slip paper in Linchuan. In the Tang Dynasty, bast fibers such as Daphne bark, Broussonetia papyrifera bark, mulberry bark, rattan bark, hibiscus bark and Pteroceltis tatarinowii bark were used as raw materials for papermaking. This kind of paper is flexible and thin, and the fibers are evenly staggered. On the basis of the yellow paper dyed in the previous generation in the Tang Dynasty, the paper was coated with wax evenly. After calendering, the paper had the advantages of luster, luster and beauty, so it was called hard yellow paper. There is also a kind of hard white paper, which is called hard white paper, which is coated with wax on the front and back sides of the original paper, and then rubbed with pebbles or arc stones to make the paper bright, lubricated and dense, and the fibers are even and meticulous, which is slightly thicker than hard yellow paper. In addition, politicians have added mineral powder and wax paper; On the basis of powder wax paper and colored paper, paper products with gold and silver foil or powder luster are called golden flower paper, silver flower paper or honeysuckle paper, also called cold gold paper or sprinkled gold and silver paper; There is also that kind of paper with exquisite colors and patterns, which is polished one by one on the pattern board engraved with calligraphy and painting, so that various patterns are hidden on the paper, also called flower curtain paper or pattern paper. At that time, caviar paper made in Sichuan was very popular among scholars. In addition, there have been papers that have undergone simple reprocessing, such as Xue Tao's stationery, Xie Gong's 10-color stationery and other dyed papers, Jin Sushan's warp paper, and various printed papers, pine paper, variegated quicksand paper, rosy clouds paper, gold powder paper and dragon paper. The paper industry of the Five Dynasties continued to develop. Zhangzhou's Chengxin Tang paper was always considered as the best paper until the Northern Song Dynasty. This kind of paper is "as smooth as spring water, as thin as cocoon, as tough as Sichuan sound and as crisp as a brush". This kind of paper can be as long as 50 feet and as thin as Song Dynasty. It inherited the papermaking tradition of the Tang and Five Dynasties, and many papers with different textures appeared. Paper is generally light, soft and tough. The paper on it is made in Jiangnan, also called Jiangdong paper. The reuse of paper began in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the New Testament was reconstructed from waste paper, called rejuvenation paper or mature rejuvenation paper. It has the characteristics of material saving, time saving and quick effect. By the Yuan Dynasty, the paper industry was dying, and only the south of the Yangtze River barely maintained its former scene. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that the paper industry flourished again. The main famous products are Xuan paper, bamboo paper, Xuande paper and Songjiang Tan paper. The manufacturing technology of Xuan paper in Qing Dynasty was further improved and became a well-known paper. Most of them use local papermaking raw materials, and all kinds of raw materials are used to make all kinds of paper. Paper processing technology has been further developed and innovated, such as sizing, alum addition, dyeing, waxing, calendering, gold scattering and printing. All kinds of stationery are popular again. White paper and elegant colored paper are highly respected in texture, and the colors are mainly bright and quiet. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, there were pastel wax banknotes, such as those depicting gold and silver patterns, those depicting wax banknotes, those depicting multicolored calendered wax banknotes, and those depicting printed and printed flower banknotes, which were calendered on three-color paper with pastel wax and then painted with clay gold or clay silver. The production of letterhead paper has reached an exquisite level in the Qing Dynasty. In addition, since the Jin Dynasty, the imperial court in China has accepted tribute paper from neighboring countries, such as South Vietnamese tissue paper (or moss paper), which is sweet, warm and non-toxic with seaweed as raw material. Korean tribute paper and chicken forest paper are loved by rulers of past dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, there were North Korea's Lijin stationery, Jinling stationery, mirror stationery, bamboo green paper, Vietnamese moss stationery, Japanese snow paper, book paper, western Phnom Penh paper, mica paper, flower paper, all kinds of stationery and flower paper. Paper, paperboard and processed paper. It is a sheet fiber product used for writing, recording, printing, painting or packaging. It is made of paper pulp suspended in water, deposited into interwoven fiber layers on the forming wire of paper machine, pressed and dried. Stone paper The technology of making paper from stone, the principle is that the main component of stone "calcium carbonate" is ground into ultrafine particles, and then blown into paper. This technology is nothing new, but in the context of global appeal for energy conservation and emission reduction, this "fashionable" environmental protection concept is once again concerned. [Edit this paragraph] The new technology of stone paper is a new reversible circulation papermaking technology with modern technical characteristics, which takes calcium carbonate, the most abundant mineral resource in the earth's crust, as the main raw material, polymer materials and various inorganic substances as the auxiliary raw materials, and utilizes the principle of polymer interface chemistry and filling modification technology. Stone paper technology is a world-leading high-tech in China. The birth of this technology not only solved the problem of environmental harm caused by traditional papermaking pollution, but also solved the problems of white pollution caused by the use of a large number of plastic packaging materials and the waste of a large number of oil resources. [Edit this paragraph] In the production and its characteristics, calcium carbonate is extracted from limestone, and then the ore is ground into superfine powder with high calcium content of 1500-2500 mesh, followed by the second process, in which 85% of modified calcium carbonate is added with 15% additive to make masterbatch, and finally it is made into paper or bag by extrusion film blowing equipment. Characteristics Earth Guardian stone paper technology does not need water, strong acid, strong alkali, bleaching powder and many organic chlorides in the whole production process, which saves several important pollution links such as cooking, washing and bleaching compared with the traditional paper-making process, and fundamentally eliminates the pollution problems caused by the production of "three wastes" in the paper-making process. At the same time, because the low-priced ore powder is used as the main raw material, the cost is 20%~30% lower than that of traditional paper, and the price is also low 10%~20%. Stone paper products are widely used in disposable consumer goods, such as garbage bags, shopping bags, food bags, cosmetic bags, lunch boxes, gloves, tablecloths, raincoats, dust covers and so on. It can also be applied to cultural paper, such as printing paper, writing paper, advertising paper, road paper, coated paper, film paper, picture paper, sea newspaper, typing paper, envelope paper, cigarette paper, grass paper, newsprint and so on. It can also be used for decoration of building materials, such as decorative wallpaper. Can also be used in industrial packaging and other fields, such as fertilizer bags, cement bags, rice flour bags, clothing bags, various handbags, cartons and so on; It can also be applied to special paper, such as field paper, underwater paper, underground paper and military special paper. It can be said that the application field is very extensive, and with the continuous maturity and upgrading of stone papermaking technology, the application field will be even greater. The cost of stone paper products is 20%-30% lower than that of substitute products, with strong competitiveness and very promising market prospects. Because the consumption of paper and cardboard is closely related to economic growth, the decline in GDP growth will have an impact on the consumption growth of paper and cardboard. We expect that the prosperity of the paper industry will still decline in the first half of next year, and it will improve in the second half of next year with the expected warming of the overall environment. Cultural paper is less affected by economic fluctuations and the demand is relatively stable; The pressure of coated paper comes from the decrease of export and the increase of production capacity; The white card boom is most significantly affected by the new capacity; It takes time for newsprint to get out of the trough; Cardboard is greatly affected by economic fluctuations, and this downturn will continue. Affected by shrinking paper demand, high inventory, falling freight and exchange rate factors, the prices of fiber raw materials, wood pulp and waste paper fell by 15% and 60% respectively after September. It is expected that the pulp price will stabilize after the center of gravity moves down. The decline in the price of fiber raw materials is conducive to enterprises to reduce costs. [1] The comprehensive work plan of energy conservation and emission reduction, the industrial policy of paper industry, the new discharge standard of water pollutants in pulp and paper industry and the reform of value-added tax will be beneficial to the development of leading enterprises. Looking forward to 20 10, in the process of going abroad, China paper will further consolidate its position as a paper-making power and be closer to the conditions of a paper-making power: the average economic benefit index of the industry is higher than the world average; Energy consumption and environmental pollution are lower than the world average; The export volume reaches 5% of the world's total export volume. Going out is not only the development strategy of China Paper in 20 10, but also the inevitable result of China Paper's vigorous development. Anti-counterfeiting paper has become the most common paper, such as banknotes.