This can't help but surprise people. This article talks about how the Japanese considered how to end the war before launching the war, how the Japanese adjusted their war goals when the war was unfavorable, and how the atomic bomb and the Soviet Union declared war on Japan tamed the Japanese and made them losers.
What is the significance of Japan's unconditional surrender? How to end the war?
After the main battle of the Russo-Japanese War, General Kodama Gentaro, then the chief of staff of the Puppet Manchurian Army, returned to China to report on his work, and the chief of staff greeted him at the station. Er Yu came up and asked: How are the peace talks going? Nagaoka replied:? No clue yet. ? Second Jade is anxious: Think about how to end the war before the war! ? However, from the experience of World War II, the Japanese did not implement this point.
When Japan provoked the Pacific War, it had the following ideas about the outcome of the war: either it occupied strategic places in the South Pacific and destroyed the Pacific fleet, making the United States lose its will to resist, or it lured Chiang Kai-shek's regime, or it joined forces with Germany and Italy to force Britain to withdraw from the war. All these wishful thinking are based on the fact that this war is still a limited war in the traditional sense, such as the Sino-Japanese War and the Russian-Japanese War. As long as the opponent feels that the cost is greater than the income, Japan can naturally swallow the fruits of victory? Fruit? Yes In hindsight, the Japanese thought so much that it boils down to four words: daydreaming.
What the Japanese don't know is that this war is a world war, a deadly all-out war. As early as the promulgation of the Atlantic Declaration and the American Declaration, the countries of the alliance indicated their intention to fight to the end. 1943 Casablanca Conference clearly stated that only the Axis countries would accept unconditional surrender, right? Plow the fields and sweep the holes? . Japan's Pacific War only went smoothly in the first six months. 1June, 942, the navy lost the main carrier in midway. 1In August, 942, the US military began to counterattack Guadao in the South Pacific. From then on, the U.S. military began to counterattack in the direction of Japan. 1943? Imperial army? Is it continuous? Turn in? From Guadalcanal to rabaul, Marshall Islands and Artu, a series of later? Jade broken? As a precedent, Japan's defeat has already appeared.
(Yomiuri Shimbun's report on Artu's fiasco)
As a result, Japan's war mentality has undergone fundamental changes. At the end of 1943, the so-called absolute defense circle concept was established in order to try to hold this range, defeat the US military offensive, and then strive for favorable negotiations and conditions. The key to the absolute defensive circle lies in the Mariana Islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. For this reason, the army defended the Mariana Islands, and the navy concentrated on launching the main force? Battle number a? Strive to hit the US military hard, but the final result is that the navy was defeated and the army failed to hold Saipan. Not only did it not achieve the goal of forcing Americans to negotiate peace, but it gave Americans a forward base for bombing Japan. Since then, the B-29 bomber has launched a large-scale air strike against Japan based on Mariana.
In the Mariana naval battle, Chinese and American naval soldiers watched the air combat. In this battle, the Japanese mobile forces lost two large aircraft carriers in one day, plus 3 15 aircraft. )
After the fall of Saipan, Kōichirō Genba's Cabinet BLACKPINK appeared, and the core of its war guiding ideology was still a total victory, forcing Americans to accept favorable conditions for Japan. 1944 10 in the Philippines, the Japanese Lu Haijun launched a so-called "war" with the American troops who counterattacked. Jieyi? As a result of the battle, the navy lost the main force of the fleet in Wright Bay, and the army also lost its ability to fight against the US military in the Philippines. Since then, the us military has continued to counterattack. 1After the bloody battle in June, 945, Okinawa was conquered and became Enemy at the Gates.
At this time, the Japanese are not without the idea of peace talks. Xiao Yiguo Zhao's cabinet tried to make peace with the National Government in order to get rid of the mainland's quagmire and concentrate on dealing with the US military. But when all fools know that Japan can do nothing, Chiang Kai-shek is even less likely to be fooled.
Since then, Japanese attempts to send Fumimaro Konoe as the representative of the Emperor to Moscow for negotiations have also been rejected by the Soviet Union. The Japanese can only prepare the so-called? Local decisive battle? Yes Fantasy kills the US military by fighting, forcing the US military to accept favorable peace conditions for Japan. 1in June, 945, Kantas Suzuki's cabinet meeting decided what was the goal of the partial decisive battle? Protect the state system? With what? Protect the emperor? .
? Local decisive battle? The specific arrangements are as follows:
After the defeat of the Philippines, Japan has already begun to plan a decisive domestic battle. Due to Japan's status as an aggressor, the main force of its army is located overseas, and the domestic army forces only account for one third of the total army forces, including institutions, schools and logistics forces. To this end, the army's main force began to be recalled to the mainland, but because the maritime transportation line was controlled by the US military, this process was very unsatisfactory. We had to recruit young people in China, and through three conscripts, we recruited more than one million people, but we lacked experienced officers and noncommissioned officers, and even less weapons and equipment. Because the production capacity of weapons has dropped by 70% in five months, the satisfaction rate of light machine guns is less than half, and the navy is even worse. The main force of the fleet has long been wiped out, leaving only destroyers and submarines, and it is also subject to fuel shortage. The plane is worse. Due to the supply of bauxite in Nanyang, the hard aluminum of the crashed American Airlines plane can only be dismantled to meet the needs of the aviation industry. The famous kamikaze special forces are going to attack the American army with suicide planes made of bamboo and wood.
(Sakura suicide bomb, named after the US military? Eight horns? )
And Japan's overall national economic situation is not much better. After 1945 February19, Nanyang crude oil source was completely cut off, and conventional fuel could only be replaced by biomass turpentine. There is famine in China, and millions of tons of rice are piled up on the east coast of North Korea and ports in Southeast Asia. Japan's steel production capacity is rapidly declining. The production level of 1945 is only a quarter of that of 1944. Ocean-going ships were completely lost, and railway transportation was reduced by half. Moreover, due to the scarcity of fuel, automobile transportation is even more hopeless, and the factory attendance rate is only 50% of usual.
From this point of view, according to the logic of normal people, Japan can no longer fight. If it surrenders quickly, it may leave room for the Japanese nation to revive. Unfortunately, the brain circuits of militarists are different from ours. Faced with such a dilemma, one of the countermeasures of the military department is to engage in special attack operations, including torpedoes returning to the sky and suicide speedboats shaking the earth to weaken the US landing fleet. The land war will be like Okinawa and Iwo Jima (you can make up the relevant plot through the movie "Letter from Iwo Jima"), and strive to cause great harm to the US military. What's the other response? 100 million pieces of jade? , use? Mental atomic bomb? Organized 28 million people? National volunteers? Let people with bamboo guns and pitchforks and Americans work hard, just like tojo hideki said. Educate women and children in the rear with the spirit of death and let them pick up bamboo guns for training? Make the US military realize Japan's war determination and then strive for better armistice conditions for Japan.
Potsdam and Hiroshima
1The Potsdam Proclamation issued by the Potsdam Conference in July 1945 urged Japan to surrender immediately and unconditionally. On July 28th, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs accepted it, and the Cabinet meeting finally decided to inquire about the specific contents in Moscow on the one hand, and selectively announce the Potsdam Proclamation to the public on the other, but deleted it? We have no intention of enslaving the Japanese nation or destroying its country? With what? After complete disarmament, the Japanese army will be allowed to return to their hometown and have the opportunity of peace, production and life? Two. The Japanese government has begun to create public opinion.
However, Kantas Suzuki's statement at the press conference is another matter. The "Declaration" is a copy of the Cairo Declaration. The imperial government didn't think it was of much value, but just silently killed it. . Just like Deng Nici after Hitler's suicide clamored to fight to the end on the Eastern Front, the invaders always balked before giving up completely. And this Japanese-style ambiguity has finally brought more harm to itself. Neither Americans nor Soviets can read minds, and they can only judge Japan's intentions literally.
Since Japan is going to fight to the end, if the US military lands in Japan normally, there will be heavy casualties, and the US military is aware of this. A side example is the Purple Heart Medal for landing in Japan (awarded to the wounded), which was not used up in the Iraq war in 2003, but according to? 100 million pieces of jade? Slogan, the Japanese casualties will only be more serious. At this time, the atomic bomb appeared. On August 6th, 1945, the B-29 bomber of the 509th Special Flying Brigade dropped its code name over Hiroshima. Little boy? Atomic bomb. The power of the atomic bomb is amazing, but the Japanese response is surprisingly slow. It was not until one o'clock in the afternoon that Hiroshima was destroyed by a powerful bomb, and it was not announced to the public until the next afternoon. On August 8th, the Prime Minister received a report confirming that the Americans had dropped the atomic bomb. Suzuki decided to hold the supreme war guidance meeting the next morning to discuss war and problems.
(Hiroshima? The original explosion dome has now become a world heritage)
? The Soviets are here? And Nagasaki.
On the afternoon of August 8, Moscow time, Molotov announced to Sato, the Japanese ambassador to the Soviet Union, that the Soviet Union decided to suspend the Soviet-Japanese neutrality treaty and declare war on Japan, leaving another lifeline for the Japanese. During World War II, the Japanese always had a special feeling for the Soviet Union. 1943, Hitler was suggested to make peace with the Soviet Union, but in 1945, he desperately tried to get through the Soviet Union. Of course, some reasons are really funny, such as Prime Minister Suzuki's words: Stalin, like Saigō Takamori, is pregnant. He must be a good man who values friendship? As mentioned above, the Japanese did propose to the Soviets to send Fumimaro Konoe as a special envoy to visit Moscow. Now even this lifeline has been lost. However, Suzuki seems to have expected it. After hearing the news, he was called out of bed and just muttered? Has the right person finally arrived? .
On the morning of August 9, the Supreme War Guidance Conference was divided into two factions. Kantas Suzuki advocated fully accepting the Potsdam Proclamation, while Mina Gwangju and Dongxiang Maud advocated? Maintain the national system (emperor system)? Accept under the condition of. However, the war factions of the military, such as Anan Wiki, Soeda Sobu and Umezu Yoshijiro, have added conditions such as trying war criminals by themselves and narrowing the scope of occupation. While everyone was arguing, the second atomic bomb exploded over Nagasaki, but because of the limitation of news transmission, no one at the meeting knew. Due to the cabinet meeting in the afternoon, the Supreme War Guidance Meeting ended at 1 pm.
However, the two sides had great differences and continued to quarrel at the cabinet meeting starting at 2: 30 pm. Hawks continue to advocate luring Americans ashore and fighting at home to fight for their lives. At this time, there was news that Nagasaki exploded the second atomic bomb. The hawks are unmoved and continue to advocate the end. The undersecretary of staff even whispered to the secretary of the army, demanding that martial law be declared nationwide and the cabinet be dissolved. After dinner at 5: 30, the cabinet meeting resumed at 6: 00, and there was no result until 10 in the evening.
Fortunately, Suzuki was ready, and that morning he tricked the chief of staff and the head of military operations into holding a command meeting. At 1 1 50 that night, the headquarters meeting began, and the pacifists and hawks quarreled for another two hours without results, and it was still a three-to-three deadlock. And then Kantas Suzuki stepped in? Excuse me. The emperor? A sacred breakthrough? . Hirohito poured out a lot, saying that the local decisive battle was too well prepared, and even the guns and bayonets were not matched. How to play this? The coastal defense near Tokyo is a mess, and there is no capital for a decisive battle. Japan at this time, just like Emperor Meiji accepted the intervention of the Three Kingdoms, must be patient and leave seeds for Japan's future revival. The next morning, the emperor said again? As long as the state system is maintained, the war criminals are disarmed and punished, there is nothing we can do? Pity those who are for the emperor? State system? People who fought were abandoned like this. Of course, we can also interpret Hirohito's words as saying that if the Allies explicitly announce the abolition of the Mikado system, then Japan will fight to the end.
(A picture depicting the scene of the headquarters meeting)
10 In August, Japan proposed to accept the Potsdam Proclamation through diplomats from Switzerland and Sweden. 12 In August, the allies replied: No bargaining. /kloc-at the headquarters meeting in August/April, the hawks continued to emphasize? 100 million pieces of jade? However, Hirohito finally pointed out that accepting the Potsdam Proclamation would leave hope for Japan's revival, rather than turning the country into ashes. The emperor assumed a desperate posture, and the command meeting was full of ghosts and wolves, which was very lively. Finally, the command meeting decided to accept the Potsdam Proclamation unconditionally. /kloc-in August of 0/5, the emperor broadcast to Japan, and Japan officially announced its surrender.
The original text of the armistice is now in the Library of Congress of Japan. Later generations thought that this writing language was not fluent, and Cain's last writing was discussed by more than a dozen cabinet ministers.
Why are you so timid? Reasons for Japan's unconditional surrender: During the Second World War, the impression left by the Japanese to the belligerents was probably that they could not escape the diehard, stubborn and tenacious resistance. Why did you turn sharply in a few days and quickly chose to surrender? The direct reason can be explained by the names of two ancient people: Qu Yuan and Su Wu. The deeper reason can be said to be the inevitable result of Japanese aggression.
Qu Yuan means the power of the atomic bomb. Japan had a good foundation for physical research before World War II, and it is no secret that using atomic energy to make weapons in Japan. Kazuo Ishihara knows that atomic energy can be used to make powerful new weapons. Moreover, Japan did try to build an atomic bomb during the war, so the Japanese were not surprised when the atomic bomb really exploded. To the Japanese's surprise, they estimate that Americans have 250 atomic bombs, which is absolutely beyond Japan's carrying capacity.
How is this worked out? At that time, according to Canada's uranium production, the Japanese knew that the United States could get about 1 10,000 tons of uranium ore a year, and then according to the uranium 235 content of 0.8%, it could get 30 tons of uranium 235 a year, and an atomic bomb used up 30 kilograms of uranium, so the United States could make 1000 atomic bombs! Of course, this data is too exaggerated, so the final conclusion is that Americans have 250-500 atomic bombs, which is also very scary. The staff in the base camp are basically honest.
Why are you honest? Quite simply, the Japanese abacus is to exchange their lives for the lives of Americans, and if the US military wants to achieve the goal of unconditional surrender, it must land in Japan. That's it? 100 million pieces of jade? By the way, it hurts Americans. However, if there are so many atomic bombs in the United States, Americans just need to drop them slowly. What about Japan? 100 million pieces of jade? Americans have nothing to lose.
Su Wu is not difficult to understand. On the one hand, the Japanese have always had expectations for the Soviet Union. After the Soviet Union entered the war, this expectation was naturally dashed. Another reason is that at the end of the war, the Japanese army tried to take the northeast of China as the last base area and continued to resist after losing its homeland. Now that the Soviet Union has sent troops, why don't you just put this from the back? Against the base? Full-time, and finally the main force? The Kwantung Army suffered a devastating blow.
The deep-seated reason is that since the Meiji Restoration, Japan has been deliberately trying to dominate East Asia and then compete for hegemony in the world. The purpose of the September 18th Incident was that the Japanese army attempted to establish a reliable rear base in the future world Armageddon. Helpless, in the face of the awakened people in China, the Japanese warlords' behavior is tantamount to completely opposing China. Japanese warlords later looked down on China. After the July 7th Incident, the Japanese army tried to fight a quick victory to completely crush the rebellious will of the people of China.
Unexpectedly, at the critical juncture of national peril, the people of China United with the outside world and persisted in resistance, dragging the invaders' quick decision into a protracted war. Japan's economic situation has deteriorated sharply, and as an island country lacking in resources and markets, Japan's countermeasures are to further expand its aggression and go south to Southeast Asia to obtain important strategic resources such as oil, bauxite, tin and rubber, so it is necessary to completely break with the United States and Britain. What about Japan? Decisive? Embarked on the road of no return to launch the Pacific War. It can be said that the tragic ending of 1945 in Japan was largely decided by1931September 18.
Therefore, under the internal and external troubles, the Japanese government and military have no choice but to accept the unconditional surrender stipulated in the Potsdam Proclamation. Although Japan suffered a heavy blow, the human and technical foundation of industrialization still exists, and it rose rapidly after the war and has been developing into the second economic power in the world. If we really fought to the end and 100 million pieces of jade were destroyed, then the end of Japan would be a dead end, and even the opportunity for revival would be completely lost.
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