Renchen Japan chaos
In Renchen Great Patriotic War, South Korea and North Korea called it Renchen Japanese Uprising, the second called it Ding You Uprising, the second called it Luwen Battle, the second called it Evergreen Battle, or collectively called it Luwen? The Battle of Gyeonggi was called the Battle of Korea by China, and it was also called the Three Features of Wanli with the Battle of Ningxia and the Battle of Bozhou. In modern Chinese, it is called Wanli Korean War. This war was caused by the invasion of Korea by former Japanese Guanbai Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1592. North Korea asked the Ming Dynasty for help, and Ming Shenzong sent troops to help at its request. The Ming Dynasty fought side by side with North Korea's Lu Haijun for many times, and with the turtle boat designed by Li Shunchen, the Chinese and North Korean troops finally won, and North Korea turned the corner. The main Japanese army was forced to retreat, and Japan's attempt to occupy Korea and attack China with Korea as a springboard was dashed. Toyotomi Hideyoshi died shortly after his hopes were dashed. Shortly after his death, the Japanese army was forced to completely withdraw from North Korea.
First wave
Plot against China
159 1 May, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Taige (formerly Guanbai) and Japan basically unified Japan. In order to quell the domestic samurai's dissatisfaction with the uneven distribution of land, he decided to send troops abroad to acquire more land and complete his plot to finally unify China, Korea and Japan and dominate East Asia. In June of the 19th year of Wanli (159 1), he sent an envoy, Zong Yizhi, to inform Emperor Xuanzu Li Yun (yán) of Korea that he planned to attack the Ming Dynasty by way of Korea next spring (1592), asking for your indulgence and assistance. Xiuji gave Han Wang Yunxin: "Me! However, North Korea refused because of its long history. At that time, the Eighth Army of North Korea was abolished, and Li Jue valued literature over martial arts, so that "the people didn't know the soldiers for more than 200 years", and most of the more than 300 counties and counties in the country were undefended, which made Toyotomi Hideyoshi want to annex North Korea first and then China.
Japan sent troops.
1March 592, a total of 306,250 troops were mobilized, divided into 9 legions158,700 people crossed the sea to fight in North Korea, because they were in command with many scholars. The rest of the regiments are as follows: Konishi Yukinaga led the First Corps 18700, Katou Kiyomasa led the Second Corps with 22800, Kuroda led the Third Corps 1 1000, Maori Xiufu led the Fourth Corps 14000, and Fukushima masanari led the Fifth Corps with 25000. Kobayakawa Takakage led the Sixth Army 15770, the Eighth Army 10000, the Ninth Army1Kloc-0/500, plus 9200 navy men led by the Nine Ghosts Ankylosaurus, and 700 ships carrying troops and naval battles. In order to supplement the troops, Tokugawa Ieyasu, Maeda Toshiie, Uesugi Kagekatsu, Pusheng Township and Data Masamune were ordered to gather troops in Nagoya as a reserve, with a total of 105000 people. For a time, "a group of sages are complete, and a few are long and salty." Strategically, Tokugawa Ieyasu's suggestion was adopted, and the tactics of "going hand in hand with land and sea", "bullying the weak with the strong" and "making a quick decision" were determined. In order to ensure the supply of strategic materials for the army, the army went hand in hand and occupied North Korea in one fell swoop. After everything was ready, Toyotomi Hideyoshi officially launched a war of aggression against Korea in April on the pretext that North Korea refused to attack the Ming Dynasty. On April 12, its first army 1.87 million people crossed the sea to Tsushima Island to stand by. On April 13, the ninth army arrived. On April 14, the Japanese invaders landed in Busan for the first time. After June of 19, they occupied Seoul, Wang Jing and Pyongyang on May 2nd.
Rebel counterattack
In the face of the Japanese invasion, powerful villagers in all parts of North Korea organized their own insurgents, such as Guo Zaiyou of Xingzhou, Gyeongsangdo, and organized volunteers on April 2 1 day, which repeatedly prevented Ankokuji Ekei from entering Jeolla Road smoothly. Even on June 10, he repelled the troops of Chungcheon Hosokawa and Hideyoshi Hasegawa in World War I and won the title of "General in Red". On June 1 day, Jin in Gwangju, Jeollado, and Gao Jingming in Jeolla also organized volunteer soldiers. On July 3rd, Zhao Xian and Monk Gui Ling, born in Duke Zhou of Chungcheongdao, reorganized their troops to jointly resist Kobayakawa Takakage, Tachibana Muneshige and other Japanese Sixth Army Corps. Among them, it experienced two battles: Qingzhou City, Liangdanshan and Jinshan. Coupled with the war between Li Yanan and Kuroda in Haizhou, Gyeonggi Province, some Japanese troops suffered enough and temporarily stopped the Japanese invasion.
Seek help from Ming dynasty
On May 8, korean king Li Yun hurried out of Pyongyang, but on May 27, the first, second and third armies of the Japanese army pursued, broke through the garrison in Tianjin and captured Kaesong, so Xuanzu Li Yun had to leave Pyongyang on June 1 1, and then went into exile in Yizhou, the border of China and North Korea, and sent envoys to the Ming Dynasty, the suzerain country, for help. At that time, the Eighth Route of Korea fell, leaving only Yizhou, north of Ping 'an Road and near Liaodong Peninsula, which was not captured by the Japanese army. Xuanzu Li Yun knew that it was impossible to recover Korea without the help of the Ming Dynasty, so he sent several envoys to the Ming Dynasty for help. North Korean envoys lobbied the cabinet ministers, ministers, assistant ministers, censors and eunuchs of the Ming Dynasty, and even expressed their willingness to attach themselves to the Ming Dynasty, trying to urge the Ming Dynasty to send troops to aid Korea as soon as possible. The Ming court also thought that "the enemy's map of Korea is China, and our army's saving Korea is to protect China". As a result, Xuanzu Li Yun was allowed to cross the Yalu River and live in Kuandian Fort in Liaodong Peninsula. The territory of Daming was officially protected by the Ming court and sent troops to help North Korea.
Liaodong sent troops
On June 17, Dai Chao, a participant of Amin Dynasty, and Shi Ru, a guerrilla, led the army into Korea. They immediately returned to Yizhou after learning of the fall of Pyongyang. In July, Li Dexin, the special envoy of North Korea, wrote to Hao Jie, the governor of Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty, and cried day and night under the governor's account. The governor of Liaodong was moved by it, and sent a deputy commander-in-chief, Zu, to lead 5000 cavalry across the Yalu River to rescue North Korea and fight against the Japanese army in Pyongyang. However, due to rain and horseshoe festering, Zu Chengxun didn't know how to make good use of cavalry, so he led his troops into Pyongyang rashly. There are many alleys in the city, and the cavalry can't charge, which has become the nest of the Japanese army.
The Ming dynasty officially sent troops.
In August of the same year: Song Yingchang, the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War, clearly prepared for Japanese military affairs and ordered the princes of the world to raise materials. June 65438+10/October 65438+June, the Ming Dynasty appointed Li Chengxiang Ji, Liao, Baoding and Shandong as the general commanders, and his brother and Rumei as the deputy commanders, and they went to Korea together. The Ming Dynasty mobilized 40,000 elites from all over the country. The main composition of this army is as follows: Liaodong Qi Jing10000; Fu Xuan and Datong each selected 8,000 elite riders; Market towns and Baoding each selected 5,000 elite infantry; Jiangsu and Zhejiang infantry 3000. Liu Ge, the deputy general of Sichuan Province, led 5000 Sichuan troops to North Korea as a follow-up force. On February 25th, 1592, 1592, Li Lianchang returned to Liaoning from Ningxia, and led more than 43,000 troops to cross the Yalu River and enter North Korea before taking a short break. 1 5, he arrived at the gates of Pyongyang. 1 8,000 men fought with Konishi Yukinaga's first army/kloc-0 in Pyongyang on August 8, and Pyongyang was easy to defend but difficult to attack. There are Datong and Changqing Gates in the east, Liumen and Felt Gates in the south, Ordinary and Qixingmen in the west and Mitaimen in the north. The Peony Peak is towering and the terrain is dangerous. Li's deployment is like this: Wu Weizhong, a guerrilla in Zhen Ji town, led the infantry first, and Chad, the deputy commander of Liaodong, led the cavalry behind the house to attack the northern fortress Peony Peak; Zhongjun Yang Yuan and Right Army Zhang Lingbing attacked the West Seven Star Gate; Li Zhizi and Li Fangchun led the troops to attack Xipingmen. Zu Chengxun led the Ming army to disguise itself as a North Korean army, paralyzing the Japanese army and attacking Nanlumen; Li, the head coach, commanded the battle. The main force of the Ming army will attack Pyongyang from the south, west and north, leaving a retreat route for the Japanese army in the east. The Ming army led by Zu took the lead in breaking through the deer gate in the south of the city, and then Hantanmen, Ordinary Gate, Qixingmen and Mudan Peak were also captured by the Ming army. Konishi Yukinaga saw that the tide was gone, and led down archers back to the romantic building in the corner of the north of the city. At night, the Japanese army broke through from the southeast, crossed the Datong River and retreated to Wang Jing. Along the way, Li Ning and Chad deployed by Li were ambushed, killing hundreds of Japanese troops. At that time, the Ming army was equipped with hundreds of guns, such as Franco machine guns, tiger ju guns, annihilation guns and so on. Although the Japanese matchlock gun is slightly superior to the Ming military system, the Japanese army does not have the powerful artillery of the Ming army. North Korea's records say, "In a place five miles away from the city, all the guns were fired at once, and the sound was like the sky was moving, and Zhu Tian was abolished at once." Although the Japanese guns were heard from all directions, the guns of the heavenly soldiers were like the sky falling, and all the crimes were burned up. Li sent troops to recapture Pyongyang and Kaesong and attack (Seoul).
Mingjunbing Bai Bi Gymnasium
After Li's victory in Pyongyang, he wanted to pursue the Japanese army. Prior to this, Deputy General Chada and North Korean General Timothy Gao led hundreds of cavalry to investigate the road between Kaesong and Wang Jing. On the 24th of the first month, the investigation pioneer met hundreds of reconnaissance teams from Maeno Changkang and Kato Guang Tai in Bitou Tingnan, Li Shiling (now northwest of Seoul). For a while, the strikers on both sides suffered heavy casualties, and the Japanese army lost 60 rides. Chada retreated to Bitou Pavilion. On the 26th, when the prefect Li got the news, he thought that the Japanese army would abandon the capital and retreat as the local natives said, so he led more than 2,000 soldiers and horses to gallop from Kaesong to reinforce. Unexpectedly, Japanese Tachibana Muneshige led 3200 cavalry into Li Shiling. Since the early hours of the morning, he was killed in the battle with Yongsheng by the pool at ten o'clock. Five hours later, Chad's military posture was repelled. Rusong learned that the pioneers had fought, and quickly spread out into a crane wing. After the military situation of Chada was ushered in by Wang Keyan in northern Li Shiling, he reorganized the army in Biqiu Pavilion. At this time, near noon, suddenly 20,000 Japanese pioneers such as Kobayakawa Takakage, Li Maoyuan Kang and Kozao Chuanxiu. Due to the narrow terrain of Bitou Pavilion and muddy paddy fields, it was not conducive to cavalry movement, so Li Zhan retreated and went north to Gaoyang City to export Echo Ridge, quickly ordering the main force of China army to attack quickly. Although the pioneers of the Ming army repelled Su Wu Xiong Jing 3000, a left-wing pioneer in Kobayakawa Takakage, and Inoue Miyako Zhen 3000, a right-wing pioneer in Longjing, took another road, the situation was still the advantage of the Ming army. On the one hand, Tachibana Muneshige led 3000 troops from the left side of the Japanese army to the right side of the mountain, and took the opportunity to attack the right side of the Ming army. A glittering Japanese general in Li Hua's army (Xiao Ye Chengxing) was shot by Li Rumei when he confronted Li, and the left side of the Ming army was also attacked by Maori Yuankang and Xiao Zaochuan Xiubao. The front was suppressed by Kobayakawa Takakage, and the Ming army suddenly seemed to be surrounded. At this time, Li, Li Ning, Cha Dawei, Zhang Spyker, Fang, and other famous soldiers fought bravely with knives. Among them, Li Yousheng was assassinated by the Japanese army Harrison Lee Inoue Jingzhen, An Dongchang Jiu and Xiao Chuanzhong were killed, and Xiao Zaochuan Xiubao's eight men were killed. Soon, Kobayakawa Takakage was surrounded by Kikkawa Hiroie, Hideyoshi Hideyoshi and Kuroda Changzheng. However, the Ming army finally waited until Yang Yuan, deputy general of the Left Association, led reinforcements to arrive. Yang Yuanying bravely broke through the encirclement of the Japanese army, led the army to seize Rusong's right-wing position, and fired artillery shells at the Japanese army together with Li Ning's artillery battalion to protect the retreat of the Ming army. To Kobayakawa Takakage's surprise, the reinforcements of the Ming army arrived before retreating. The two armies fought from afternoon to dusk for six hours. According to Korean history, every army has 500 or 600 casualties. According to Japanese history, the Japanese army beheaded 6,000 Ming troops, but the number of Ming troops in the battle could not be determined. Historical records of the Japanese army recorded that the number of troops was 20,000, which was much higher than the Korean history and formed a historical dispute. Because the Japanese army did not pursue after the war, it shows that the Japanese army did not completely control the battlefield, and the battle should be evenly divided. However, after this campaign, Li Yin suffered heavy casualties, and the dispute between the northern and southern soldiers of the Ming army intensified. If he becomes sloppy, careless and retreats to Pyongyang, but finally realizes the strategy of forcing the Japanese army to retreat from Pyongyang, the battle of Bitouguan is a tactical success of the Japanese army.
The struggle of the Korean army
In February, about 20,000 Japanese troops turned to attack Xingzhou, a mountain city in northwest Beijing. In North Korea, General Li Quan defeated the Japanese army with fewer troops, and Japanese generals Ishida Mitsunari and Yoshikawa Hiroshi were also injured. In February, Li changed his strategy and burned hundreds of thousands of millet in Longshan in early March, forcing him to retreat. On April 19, the Japanese army was forced to retreat from Wang Jing for lack of food. In May, Sichuan general Liu Ge led 5,000 people to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea and was appointed as a deputy general. The Japanese army retreated to Busan, and since then, the land war has been concentrated in the fourth road in southern South Korea, with the battle between Korean government troops and the Japanese army as the mainstay. In mid-June, the Japanese army attacked Jinzhou City in south Korea for the second strategic war of Jinzhou City. Japanese troops Katou Kiyomasa, Kuroda Changzheng and their subordinates Naichi Iida, Nobuyuki Zhuanglin and Keiji Goto destroyed the city wall with tortoise shells. Most Japanese troops poured into Jinzhou City and fell, and Jin Qianyun died in the city.
Yupu naval battle
While the Ming army rushed to help, the North Korean navy took the initiative in the naval battle. 1592 On May 4th, Li Shunchen, then ambassador of Zuoshui in Jeollanam-do, led 75 ships out of Lishui Port in Jeollanam-do, ready to attack the Japanese army. The Japanese sent Fujitani Gao Qiao to lead 50 wooden warships to battle. On May 7, the North Korean navy attacked the Japanese army, which was caught off guard. After a round of fierce fighting, the Japanese army suffered heavy losses and 26 warships were destroyed by the North Korean navy. The remaining ships had to flee in a hurry. Li Shunchen then wiped out the remaining Japanese troops in Hepu and Chizhenpu. On May 9th, the naval battle finally ended. Since then, the North Korean navy has mastered the right to control the sea. In the whole naval battle, the North Korean navy annihilated 44 Japanese ships, and the Japanese suffered numerous casualties. Relatively speaking, the North Korean navy suffered only a few casualties, and its ships were even more intact.
The Yupu naval battle was the first victory won by the Korean army since the outbreak of the Non-Chen War, which greatly encouraged the determination of the Korean army and civilians to resist the enemy, and also made it difficult for the Japanese army to transport troops and food to the Korean peninsula, because the Japanese army had lost most of its sea control rights after the war.
Sichuan naval battle
1592 On May 27th, unwilling to fail, the Japanese navy turned to attack Gyeongsangnam-do in Sichuan. Li Shunchen learned this news, and immediately set out on May 29th with 23 hawksbill boats, and quickly sailed out of Sichuan Bay. At that time, there were 12 Japanese ships in the bay, but the Japanese were still worried about the defeat in the last naval battle. So when they saw the rescue of the North Korean navy, they quickly fled to land and deployed on the mountain. Li Shunchen ordered the North Korean navy to pretend to retreat in order to lure the Japanese to board the ship for pursuit. As a result, the Japanese army was caught. At this time, the tide has just risen, which is extremely beneficial to the activities of large ships such as Kameyama and Banfang ships of the North Korean Navy. Therefore, when ships were dispatched that day, Li Shunchen ordered all ships to meet. Soon, the Japanese ship was defeated. Although Li Shunchen was injured in the battle, he continued to command the officers and men to kill the enemy. As a result 12 all Japanese ships were sunk.
After this war, the Japanese navy stopped taking the initiative to attack and instead defended and attacked the South Korean navy.
Battle of Tangpu, Ancient City and Lipu
On June 2nd, Li Shunchen led the Kameyama Fleet of the North Korean Navy to take the initiative to attack the 2 1 Japanese ship moored at Tangpu Port. The Japanese ship was attacked by the North Korean navy on both sides and was finally wiped out by the whole army. After the victory of the Tompu naval battle, Li Shunchen took a short break. On June 4th, we joined hands with Jeolla ambassador Li Yiqi. On the morning of June 5th, Qi Qi led a 5 1 warship to attack 26 Japanese ships in Tangxiangpu Bay, Gucheng, and besieged them from two sides. As a result, all Japanese ships were annihilated except one that was deliberately released. That night, the Japanese ship that was deliberately released picked up the Japanese on the shore and tried to escape in the early morning of June 6, but this was exactly Li Shunchen's plan. As a result, the South Korean navy annihilated the Japanese ships, and all the Japanese ships in Tangxiangpu Bay in Gucheng were annihilated. On June 7th, the North Korean navy attacked seven Japanese ships in Lipu. The Japanese didn't dare to fight, so they turned around and ran away, only to be wiped out by Li Shunchen.
After these three naval battles, the Japanese navy was shocked, but the commander-in-chief of the Japanese army was still not at ease, and decided to rally his troops and fight a decisive battle with the Korean navy, which led to the naval battle of Xianshan Island.
Naval battle of Xianshan Island
In order to fight a decisive battle with the North Korean navy, the Japanese navy assembled in the area of Jochey Island and prepared to attack the North Korean navy in three ways. On the other hand, Li Shunchen formed a joint fleet of Jeollado Fleet and some Gyeongsangdo Fleet to prepare for the battle. On July 6th, Li Shunchen set out from the waters near Tangpu, and in the early morning of July 7th, he led the Japanese navy assembled in Jodhi Island to fight a decisive battle in the waters near Xianshan Island. Li Shunchen chose this place for decisive battle because it has a relatively wide deep-water environment, which is easy to set an ambush and can encircle the Japanese fleet.
Shortly after the decisive battle began, the warships of the North Korean navy were about to outflank the Japanese, while the tortoise shells of the North Korean navy ran straight into the Japanese fleet, and soon knocked over several large ships at the forefront of the Japanese fleet, while the rest of the North Korean warships also bravely defended the enemy. As a result, 6 1 warship of the Japanese army was completely annihilated. This is the world-famous "Idle Mountain Island Victory".
After this battle, the Japanese navy completely lost the right to control the sea, unable to transport rations, and the Japanese army could not invade again. Therefore, Toyotomi Hideyoshi had to make peace with the Ming Dynasty, and ordered the Japanese army to build a Japanese town at the southern tip of North Korea for a rainy day and to store food. On the other hand, Li Shunchen was appointed as a second-class county doctor and a third-class naval commander.
Peace tomorrow
1June, 593, Japan was unable to deliver materials due to naval defeat. In addition, due to the excessive destruction of North Korea and the prevalence of plague, it is not easy for local people to collect food, and they are eager to preserve the achievements of occupying the Fourth Route in South Korea. So they sent envoys to accompany Shen Weijing, the special envoy of the Ming Dynasty, from Busan to Beijing for peace talks. In July, the imperial court announced the withdrawal of troops to pay tribute to Japan, so Li Jun withdrew, leaving only 7,600 people with guerrilla Wu Weizhong, guarding the key points respectively. However, Shi Xing, the minister of the Ministry of War, decided to advocate peace, so he withdrew Wu Weizhong's soldiers. As a result, only Liu Ge's soldiers stayed to defend. In September, although Li Yong, the king of Korea, thanked the imperial court for its rescue and help to restore the country, he was secretly dissatisfied with tomorrow's peace talks and ruled out North Korea. At this time, the Japanese army still occupied the fourth road in the south of Korea and firmly held Busan City. In February, 65438, the Ming Dynasty ordered Governor Ji Liao to take care of North Korea and recalled Song Yingchang and Li. 1593 (21st year of Wanli) On May 8th, Toyotomi Hideyoshi met with the delegation of Ming Dynasty who arrived in Japan in Nagoya. Due to the language barrier, the talks between the two sides are still held between Shen Weijing and Konishi Yukinaga. Toyotomi Hideyoshi put forward seven "conditions of peace between Daming and Japan": 1, welcoming Princess Ming Di as emperor of Japan; 2. Developing exploration trade; Tomorrow, the military attaché s of the two countries will be sworn in forever; 4. The capital and the Fourth Road were returned to North Korea, and the other four roads were ceded to Japan; 5. North Korea sent a prince to Japan as a hostage; 6. Return the captured Korean prince and other North Korean officials; 7. North Korean ministers will never betray Japan. Shen Weijing agreed to seven suggestions of humiliating the country, but lied to his peers, Xu and others that he had agreed to submit to the Ming Dynasty, asked for tribute, and withdrew from the Japanese invaders. On the other hand, Konishi Yukinaga reported to Toyotomi Hideyoshi that the envoys of the Ming Dynasty had agreed to Toyotomi Hideyoshi's seven suggestions, and only needed to send Japanese envoys and Ming envoys to Beijing to ask Ming Chengzu for final approval. In this way, through the mediation of two profiteers, the two sides almost reached the most absurd agreement in diplomatic history. 1594 10, Japanese peace envoy Xiao Xiru 'an went to Beijing with the Ming delegation, and the second Xiao Xiru 'an had already reached an offensive and defensive alliance with Konishi Yukinaga. After Xiao Xi Ru 'an arrived in Beijing, he negotiated with Shi Xing and agreed to three conditions put forward by Shi Xing: 1, the Japanese army quickly withdrew from North Korea and confronted Malaysia after being blocked; 2, only conferring no tribute; 3. Repairing with North Korea shall not infringe. At that time, the Ministry of War also had a detailed conversation with Xiao Xiru, a Ming man who cheated him and didn't understand Japanese. At this time, Shen Weijing also submitted a forged Japanese watch. The monarchs and ministers of the Ming Dynasty were very satisfied. Ming Shenzong immediately canonized Toyotomi Hideyoshi as king of Japan and canonized Japanese ministers according to the list provided by Xiaoxi. Later, in 1595+0, 1 year, the Ming Dynasty sent a special envoy to make Toyotomi Hideyoshi king of Japan, so that Shen Weijing could go with him. The content of the imperial edict is as follows: "The Emperor said that the Holy One will spread widely among the people, and whoever lives in heaven will respect the emperor's orders. The sunrise in the corner of Pujiang and the sea will not be given. In the past, my ancestors were born in many ways. Turtles, dragons, and chapters give far-reaching fusang territory; Zhenmin Dazhuan is the mountain of Rongshi Town. Heirs are raised by Haibo and occasionally separated. In our heyday, Zier Toyotomi Hideyoshi, a rising maritime country, was called China. Xi Chi's humble envoy is eager to go with him. Knock on the pass of North Wan Li, and wish to get married. Affection is based on respect, while kindness is based on softness. I hereby make you king of Japan and grant you the authorization of the empire. In the play, the dragon is full of imperial edicts, the crown is on the sea, the fancy clothes are popular, and the vassal guards are in China. It is time to repair the official position. But follow the main beam and be grateful for the gratitude of the emperor. Sincerity is irreplaceable. As long as you believe in what you say, you will always respect your voice. Chin! "This imperial edict, now in Osaka Museum, is written in the usual imperial style, just like the tone of favor given to a small country by the emperor of a central power. Toyotomi Hideyoshi was furious at the words "Zhongxing made him king of Japan" and threw the imperial edict on the ground, saying, "Didn't Ming Di beg to make me Emperor Daming? Japan, if I want to be king, I will be king. Why should I be sealed by the open road? "Then Toyotomi Hideyoshi will punish Konishi Yukinaga and immediately expel the China and North Korean missions. In this way, two years of negotiations and farce completely broke down. On the way home, Shen Weijing stayed in North Korea and was afraid to go back to Beijing. He forged a thank-you note from Toyotomi Hideyoshi, which was submitted to the court by another special envoy. This fake form of gratitude was discovered by the Ming court, and the news that Japan was preparing for war again came from North Korea. Ming Shenzong was very angry when he knew that he had been cheated. He immediately ordered Shi Xing, the minister of the Ministry of War, to be imprisoned for interrogation, and ordered the troops stationed in Ming Dynasty to arrest Shen Weijing and execute him on the spot.
The second invasion
The war has started again.
More than a year after the war subsided,1April 596, the special envoy of North Korea, Li Zonggen, was guilty of lust and was chased by the Japanese defenders and rushed back to Wang Jing (now Seoul/Seoul). North Korea immediately sent a letter to arrest him and put him in prison, but this caused dissatisfaction in Toyotomi Hideyoshi. In May, the Ming Dynasty once again proposed to confer the title of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and ordered Yang Fangheng, the viceroy, to go with the guerrilla Shen Weijing. In September, Yang Fangheng, the special envoy of the Ming Dynasty, arrived in Japan, but Toyotomi Hideyoshi was very angry because the North Korean prince did not go with him to thank him. As a result, Toyotomi Hideyoshi refused to be blocked and decided to send troops to invade the DPRK again. 1597 65438+ 10 In October, the Japanese army refused to retreat from Busan, and North Korea learned that the Japanese army had invaded again, so it sent envoys to ask for help from the Ming Dynasty.
After invading Korea again this time, Toyotomi Hideyoshi learned the lesson that the defeat in the last naval battle caused a large number of troops and materials to be unable to transport, and used double spies to frame Li Shunchen for plotting to usurp power, so that Liu Yun put Li Shunchen in prison, and later demoted him to a soldier, so he could only join the army for nothing.
Re-aid North Korea
At the beginning of 1597, Japan sent 14 1490 troops to invade Korea again by land and water. In February, the Ming Dynasty once again agreed to aid Korea, recruited troops from Japan, and took Ma Gui as the company commander of the Japanese army to command the North and South armies. In March, the Ming Dynasty took Levin, a right-wing politician from Shandong Province, as the imperial envoy of the imperial capital, and Xing Jun, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, as the minister of history, and also served as the military governor of Baoding, Hebei and Liaoning. In May, Xing Jun rushed to Liaodong. The first batch of Ming troops to North Korea totaled about 30,000 people. Ma Gui, the chief soldier, was stationed in Seoul at a rate of 17000; Yang Yuan led three thousand Liaodong cavalry stationed in Nanyuan; Chen Yuzhong led three thousand cavalry and stationed troops in the whole state; Wu Weizhong led 4,000 people into Zhongzhou, echoing the Nanyuan Army. Mao rate of 3000 people to Tunxingzhou, control Daoling and Qiufengling. The strategic deployment of the Ming army is that the above-mentioned armies hold the headquarters fortress until the 40,000-strong army led by Governor Xing Jun arrives. The Ming army and the Korean army turn into strategic counterattacks, and Nanyuan and Zhongzhou launch a pincer-like offensive to attack the enemy of Busan. In June, thousands of Japanese warships docked in Busan and gradually approached Liangshan and Xiongchuan. In August, Japan attacked Sichuan, South China Sea and Gwangju, and finally attacked Nanyuan (Jeolla Road is a foreign vassal, and once it falls, Tianjin, Deng 'an and Lai can all sail). Yang Yuan, deputy general of the Ming army, led 3000 Ming troops and 3000 Korean troops to defend Nanyuan. After a few days of persistence, they were attacked by the Japanese, and most of the soldiers guarding the city were killed. After the Japanese captured Nanyuan, they killed the city for one day at a huge cost. At this time, Chen Yuzhong, the Ming general stationed in Quanzhou, immediately retreated because of the fall of Nanyuan, so that Katou Kiyomasa's right-wing army won the whole state without bloodshed. Later, the Japanese army captured Huangshishan, Jinzhou, Duke of Zhou and other places respectively, and Seoul was once again on the verge of danger, and the situation in North Korea was once again in jeopardy. On September 6, Ma Gui ordered Xie Sheng, the deputy commander, to lead 2,000 people to the north of Jishan to consolidate the front position in Seoul. On the 7th, in the north of Jishan, there was an encounter with the Japanese Third Army led by Japanese Warring States famous Chang Zheng Kuroda and Data Masamune. Yang Dengshan, the follow-up unit of the Ming army, led the army to defeat Kuroda, who retreated to Jishan and stayed at home. At this time, the Japanese army attacking Castle Peak was also heavily surrounded by the Sino-Korean Coalition forces led by Senator Peng Youde, with heavy casualties. In September, the Ming army arrested Shi Xing, a former minister of the Ministry of War, and put him to death together with Shen Weijing, who profited between the Ming army and the Japanese army. Results 1599 Shi Xing died in prison and Shen Weijing was beheaded in the market. In 65438+February, the Ming army and the Japanese army fought in Ulsan.
Liang Ming naval battle
At the beginning of the resumption of the war, the North Korean navy was almost completely annihilated. As a result, in desperation, the North Korean government once again used the ousted Li Shunchen. When Li Shunchen arrived, there were only a few ships left in the original painstakingly managed naval division. However, because of the responsibility of saving the country, he had to do his best in this adversity and set out to rebuild the navy in the right water camp of Jeollado. On August 28th, 1597, Li Shunchen commanded the newly rebuilt navy division, and once again fought a decisive battle with the Japanese navy division in the Liang Ming Strait.
Li Shunchen stayed in the Liang Ming Strait, but because of his weak strength, he decided to set a trap. When the tide ebbed, he sent people to set up iron ropes and stakes on the shore. On September 16, Japanese commander Fujitani Takashi led more than 330 warships and 20,000 troops to attack the Liang Ming Strait at high tide and annihilate the North Korean navy. Li Shunchen first installed overseas Korean civilian ships as warships in the Strait to disturb the Japanese army and make it think that the North Korean navy has been restored. He personally led the 12 warship to lead the enemy into the Liang Ming Strait. After successfully luring the Japanese attack, Li Shunchen immediately launched a concentrated attack, aiming at the Japanese command ship. As a result, two Japanese command ships and other warships were completely annihilated, and the Japanese commander came to Tongzong Island and was killed. At the same time, the tide began to recede and North Korean ships began to attack. Due to the loss of the commander-in-chief, the Japanese ship was distracted and had to retreat eastward with the tide, but they could not retreat because of the chains and stakes laid by Li Shunchen in advance. As a result, the North Korean navy fought hard, annihilated more than 30 Japanese ships and killed more than 4,000 Japanese soldiers, which once again hit the Japanese navy and regained the right to control the sea.
The victory of Mingliang naval battle made Toyotomi Hideyoshi face the difficulty of transporting troops and materials again. Although the Japanese army subsequently gained something in the land war, it was helpless and finally lost.
Japan's Ulsan defense won.
1598 65438+ 10, the troops that aided Korea to attack Ulsan in the Ming Dynasty were shocked by the sudden arrival of Japanese reinforcements such as Maori Xiu Yuan and Kuroda Chang Zheng. Levin couldn't catch up with the order, so he took the lead in rushing to Wang Jing (now Seoul/Seoul), followed by Magway. All the troops were defeated at that time. Only when Wu Weizhong, the deputy commander of the army, and Mao, the guerrilla, were defeated and the Japanese army temporarily retreated to save the victory, most of the trench of the Ming army was lost. However, Levin and Xing Jun lied to the Ming Dynasty that they had won great victories at the front. However, at that time, each battalion had to report to the Ming court, and the foot soldiers were killed or injured by 20,000, which made Levin furious and refused to report, saying only that more than 100 people were killed or injured. Ding Yingtai, the person in charge of Zanhua Project, went to Levin to discuss countermeasures after learning of the failure. However, the calligraphy I showed Theway and Shen was self-satisfied. This made Ding Yingtai very angry and reported the fact of defeat to the court. Zhao, the records of the Ming dynasty, wanted to protect him, decided not to make up for him for the time being, and sent officials to investigate. At the same time, when the Ming army attacked Ulsan, it attacked the Japanese army in Busan with a high rate of 22,000, and was also repelled by Tachibana Muneshige's night attack and fire rice with 800 people. This was a battle of Tan Dan. In February, Xing Jun recruited the Jiangxi Water Army to solve the problem by sea. In May, the Ming court recalled Levin, who failed in the strategy of Ulsan City, and sent more troops to Liu Ling, sending about 6,543,800 amphibious troops to North Korea. So Commander-in-Chief Chen Lin took Guangdong and Guangxi soldiers, Sichuan soldiers, Deng Zilong rushed to reinforce with southern Zhejiang soldiers, and Bang, Lan and Mei Bo also took part in the battle at this time. Xing Jun divided the Ming army into four roads, with one general each, with Li Rumei in the middle, Ma Gui in the east, Liu Ling in the west, and Chen Lin in the waterway, each responsible for keeping the main points. When the camera moved, the rate was about 50,000. Meibo attacked Ulsan, while Deng Zilong and Liu Ling attacked Song Dao and Shuntian. The Japanese army can't achieve good results in the face of Pang Dajun, so it can only. In May, the Ming army led Mei Bo to attack Ulsan City with a rate of about 50,000 troops. As a result, from May 4th to May 5th, the Japanese troops who came to aid repelled Tachibana Muneshige, who had thousands of people, with night raids and false information, and rescued Katou Kiyomasa in Ulsan. Due to the frustration of the offensive on the East Road, the Ming army temporarily stopped attacking. In June, Levin was dismissed pending investigation.
The situation is reversed.
Just as the Ming army was preparing for defense, Japanese Guan Bai Toyotomi Hideyoshi died in Fuji, Kyoto in July. In September, the Ming army and the Japanese army fought in Ulsan and other places, winning and losing each other. On June+10, 5438, the company commanders Liu Ge and Magway split their troops and attacked the Japanese army, and suffered a heavy defeat. However, Dong Yiyuan led more than 30,000 people to attack the newly-built wall city of the Japanese army, which was defeated by 7,000 troops of Japanese general Shimazu Yoshihiro for the battle of Surabaya.
Exposed beam naval battle
Main article: Exposed beam naval battle.
In June 65438 +065438+10, the Japanese army fled from Ulsan, and the Ming army attacked separately. Katou Kiyomasa led people to retreat by boat. Chen Lin was the prefect of the Ming army, Deng Zilong was the lieutenant, and Ma was a guerrilla. Hundreds of warships are distributed in Haikou of Zhongqing, Jeolla and Gyeongsang. Just as the Japanese generals retreated, Chen Lin sent Deng Zilong and the North Korean star Li Shunchen to jointly attack, and intercepted the Japanese reinforcements Tachibana Muneshige, Shimadzu Hongyi, Hideo Ozawa, Zongyizhi and Terazawa Hiroshi who wanted to rescue Konishi Yukinaga on the exposed sea. Deng Zilong, who was over 70 years old, was still hale and hearty, and led three huge ships to attack the Japanese army, calling himself a pioneer in the fight against the Japanese army. In the battle, he took 300 strong men and jumped into the Korean warship for rescue, fighting bloody battles, causing countless casualties to the Japanese army. However, other warships accidentally threw firearms at Deng Zilong's warships, causing them to catch fire. As a result, Deng Zilong no way back died heroically. And Li Shunchen led the troops to help, led the tortoise shell boat into the enemy lines, but was surrounded by the Japanese army, unfortunately killed by stray bullets. According to some historical records, Li Shunchen was accidentally hit by Amin's ammunition device, but this kind of "friendly fire" often happens in wars, so it is not surprising. ) Before he died, he told him not to make public, and gave the military flag to his son and ordered him to continue fighting. Later, Lieutenant Chen Can and other leaders arrived and attacked the Japanese army. The Japanese army rescued Konishi Yukinaga from its predicament and fought back because of its success. The Japanese army that was able to escape the landing was annihilated by the Ming Dynasty, and tens of thousands of Japanese troops were drowned. At this time, Liu Gefang attacked Konishi Yukinaga and occupied Qiaozhai. Chen Lin attacked with the fleet and burned more than 100 Japanese warships. Konishi Yukinaga's friendly army, Hiroshi Shimazu, led a fleet to help, and Chen Lin also defeated it. As a result, the Japanese army had to sail away, and Tachibana Muneshige served as a rear guard to meet Konishi Yukinaga and let him retreat successfully.
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In February, 65438+, Japanese wounded soldiers sneaked into Mount B again, but the soldiers were afraid to enter because of the deep cliff and shallow road. As a result, Chen Lin sneaked in at night and opened a barrage on him. The Japanese had to flee, and Chen Lin led the Ming army in pursuit. The Korean War lasted for seven years, and the Ming army lost more than 30 thousand teachers and paid millions of dollars to quell the war.
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Although the Ming army finally succeeded in repelling Japan and saving North Korea, it lost more than 30,000 soldiers and millions of dollars. The national treasury was empty and its national strength was greatly depleted, which made the Ming Dynasty lose face.