After the difficult dark Middle Ages, Europe ushered in the great discovery of navigation and the emergence of colonies. For western European society, this is equivalent to welcoming the light.
First, religious oppression and abstinence.
The middle ages can be said to be the Vatican's world. Monarchy is sacred, and monarchs everywhere must accept the canonization of the Pope in order to gain the legal dominance of religious addition. The ruling class. Besides. The citizens and the peasant class are even more unbearable. ?
The Vatican has the right to levy tithes. Titration was the most important tax in medieval Europe. The Pope levied tithes on western Europe and Catholic spreading areas, thus establishing religious rule throughout Europe. The best wine at that time also needed to be provided to the church.
With the right to collect taxes, the church will naturally form a force to maintain church rule. The inquisition at that time was even more terrible. Catholicism advocates abstinence, and people's production and life must conform to the teachings evolved from the Bible. Those who violate the teachings will be punished by the inquisition, and in severe cases will be sentenced to death.
Catholicism advocates abstinence, but indulges in pleasure, which naturally leads to the dissatisfaction of others. In order to raise money, the church put forward the book of atonement. As long as the sound of money rings, your soul will naturally float to God's heaven. ?
Second, the exploitation of feudal lords.
In Europe under the system of enfeoffment, the common people had almost no ascending channel. Kings are hereditary, and other dukes choose their heirs from their children. If you want to integrate into the ruling class, you must first be a follower.
When the squire needs to be seven or eight years old, he will live with the old man and become his squire. Attendants need to learn basic social skills from the Lord's wife and receive basic training in the use of weapons and horseback riding. At the age of fourteen, he became a retinue and received knight training.
After that, you need to make meritorious service in the battlefield or other events to be knighted. After being knighted, you need to continue to serve the Lord to obtain territory and become a viscount. ?
I speak very well here. Actually, it's very difficult. Farmers' families have no financial resources to provide you with training. Do you bring your own armor after training?
Ordinary citizens and farmers need to pay taxes, and taxes in the Middle Ages were complicated and heavy. If you were a businessman, feudal lords would set up many checkpoints to levy taxes on businessmen. When you enter the territory of this Lord, you have to pay the tax of this Lord and pay taxes endlessly between different territories.
Feudal lords were loyal to each other. Conflicts often break out between countries, lords and lords, and subordinates must come with their own knights to support them. With the fierce development of the war, the income of the royal territory can not meet the needs of the king and lords, so the pressure will be shared by the subjects of each territory.
War will also cause a large number of people to go bankrupt and wander around.
Third, the disease is rampant.
Medical care in medieval Europe was underdeveloped. Now mainstream medicine is ridiculous bloodletting therapy. The lack of effective medical treatment has led to various infectious diseases between urban and rural areas in Europe. ?
Premature infant death, epidemic disease, black death. Resulting in the population decline in Europe. ?
After darkness came light, the Renaissance broke out in Europe, and then the Great Sailing Movement. Europe said that the Middle Ages was a dark world, and there was no concept of sticking to the mud.