Japan is located in the east of Asia and an island country in the west of the Pacific Ocean. It faces China across the sea. Japanese folk music is very colorful. Japanese pop is often combined with other art forms such as drama, which has become one of the important expressive techniques of drama. For example, folk songs are an element of the classical drama Nenggu, Yitaifu is the music of Osaka puppet show, and Changpan and Qingwu are the music of Japanese kabuki. Japanese folk songs are closely related to Japanese people's labor, daily life, religious sacrifices and folk customs, and reflect their lives, thoughts and feelings. Japanese folk songs can be divided into 10 categories according to genre: Tian Ge, venue songs, folk songs, sea songs, homework songs, deer songs, congratulations songs, festival songs, game songs and children's songs. `

Japanese pop music is greatly influenced by China traditional music, especially pentatonic scale. Therefore, the remarkable feature of Japanese folk songs is the use of pentatonic mode. The pentatonic scale of Japanese folk songs can be divided into two types: pentatonic scale without semitone and pentatonic scale with semitone.

If there is no semitone mode, sg5m = z.

Rhythm: 5 6 1 2 3 5 Folk melody: 6 1 2 3 5

The semitone modes are:

Du Jie model: 3 4 6 7 1 3 Ryukyu model: 1 3 4 5 7 1 works appreciation.

Trawl minor

As the name implies, trawl ditty is the slogan of Japanese fishermen. Japan is surrounded by the sea, with four big islands and several small islands, and its fishery is developed. Fishermen struggle with the sea and the wind and waves when fishing at sea. They have the joy of catching fish, but there are also many risks. This kind of life makes them determined and heroic, and also makes them uncertain about their own destiny, so it is inevitable to be superstitious. The actual content of this song is not much, but it vividly reflects the life scene of fishermen at sea. A large number of function words, modal particles, and "shouting signs" that are half-spoken and half-sung show the urgent rhythm when pulling the net.

This song is also widely sung in China, and some singers regard this song as their representative repertoire.

(2) Indonesian folk songs

Between the Asian continent and the Australian continent, on the vast ocean surface of the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, there are tens of thousands of islands, the largest archipelagic country in the world, and that is the beautiful country of thousands of islands-Indonesia. Indonesia is a multi-ethnic country, inhabited by more than 65,438+000 ethnic groups. Historically, India, China, Arabia and other countries and regions have had economic and cultural exchanges, and in modern times they have long been colonized by the Netherlands. For various reasons, there are various forms of Indonesian music. Music plays a very important role in the lives of Indonesian people. One of the most representative is a kind of music called Gamelan, which developed in Central Java and was popular in Java and Bali. Indonesian people regard Gamelan's music as a national treasure, which has great influence in the world (especially in western countries).

Gameland music uses two scales. A pentatonic scale named "Slindro"; A seven-tone scale called Perolo. Representative among Indonesian songs is the traditional song "Dunbang" popular in West Java. It is divided into three types: large, medium, small and small. Different types of songs express their specific contents, such as love, homesickness and morality. The rhythm of Dengbang is slow, and the tune is generally sad and lonely. In modern times, a song called "Cologne Sect" was popular all over Indonesia. It is a form of singing developed under the influence of western culture. /kloc-In the 6th century, the Portuguese were captured by the Dutch because of defeat, and lived in various parts of Java. Among them, a Portuguese folk song named "Fado" was sung, which was circulated among Indonesian people and combined some factors of Kamelan music and Dunbang songs, thus forming the style of Kelongzong songs. Famous songs such as Thoreau River, Song of Coconut Island and Salonandi are all songs of Cologne Sect. & gt)

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Star cable

"Star Rope" is a boat song of Batak people in central Sumatra, Indonesia. Badak is mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of central and northern Sumatra, and most of them live around Lake Doba. They are mainly engaged in agriculture, where the lake is clear and sunny, and Badak people often row boats and sing on the lake. Starrope is the sound made with the rhythm of paddle rising and falling when rowing.

(3) Russian folk songs

Russian music has a long history, as early as the primitive clan commune period, idol worship ceremony songs appeared. This kind of songs are combined with certain sacrificial ceremonies, or express the contents of weddings, funerals and weddings, or sing and dance happily, or cry sadly, thus producing lyric folk songs other than ritual songs. Russian folk songs gradually improved and shaped in the 15 to 16 century, forming their own unique national style. There are many genres of Russian folk songs, and the most musical one is Long Songs. This kind of songs have free and broad melody, alternating modes, flexible beat and rhythm, and the combination of single voice and multi-voice. In addition, there are ritual songs, historical songs, narrative songs, carols and so on. Ritual songs mainly reflect people's living customs, such as wedding songs, which are sung by the bride's relatives and female companions to express their feelings of parting. A song like Swallow Fly is this kind of song. Lyric songs reflect love, with beautiful melody, and often use two or three voices, or one person leads the chorus. Singers can freely choose the free combination of voices and adjust them at any time to keep the balance of voices, such as the song of the fisherman. The voice of this song adopts the distinctive Russian natural minor scale, and the bass adopts the melody minor scale, which is lyrical. Well-known narrative songs include My Son Died in War, A Green Tree in the Orchard, etc., which are often in the form of four-part chorus and have obvious solemn colors.

1, "three sets of cars"

This is a folk song that reflects the poor life experience of Russian working people. China's folk songs "Infantry Tune" and "Yangtze River Bitterness" are similar to them, and also show the same content. This song is in the form of a harmony minor and a 4/4 beat. The song tells the injustice of the world with a moderate speech speed and melancholy tone. The song * * * has three lyrics, the first paragraph is sung in the tone of a commentator, and the second paragraph is a passenger's question; Young man, why are you sad? Why do you keep your head down? The third paragraph is the grief in the driver's heart. This melody rushed to the high-pitched area in the form of variation, forming the climax of the whole song, and then the song returned to the previous melody, and ended the whole song by repeating this tone repeatedly, showing a sad and helpless sigh.

2. "Volga Boatman Song"

This song reflects the painful life of the trackers along the Volga River. The song is heavy, rough and full of rebellious spirit. This song is in 4/4 beat, and the mode is natural minor, which is suitable for bass singing. The outstanding Russian bass singer Xia Yaping's artistic treatment of this song is in-depth and meticulous, which makes this song, which was originally sung among the people, more complete in artistic image. He vividly shows the scene of a tracker dragging a heavy cargo ship from far and near, from near and far with excellent voice control from weak to strong and then to weak. After Xia Yaping's singing, this song spread all over the world and became a world famous song.

(4) English folk songs

Britain is the abbreviation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 80% of the population is English, and there are Scots, Welsh and Irish. Most residents believe in Christianity and Catholicism. Historically, Britain and Ireland used to be inhabited by Celts, Jutes, Angles, Saxons and Normans, and parts of northern France also belonged to Britain in the th century. After Ireland's independence, there are still many subtle links between Britain and Ireland, so the British music culture is more complicated. English folk songs are seven-tone natural modes, many of which are five-tone modes, and the tunes have the characteristics of sadness. English folk local music is characterized by the combination of Anglo-Saxon customs and Christianity, such as the Christmas carol "cairol" and Morris dancing around this style in festivals. I

Scottish, Irish and Welsh folk music is very unique and has always attracted the interest of many outstanding musicians, such as Haydn, Beethoven and glinka. Narrative genre is of great significance in English and Scottish folk music. Scottish folk music is characterized by pentatonic scale, rich melody and obvious rhythm. The mode of Irish folk music is based on the seven-tone natural mode, in which the factor of pentatonic scale is obvious. There are many unique pentameter and beat rhythms in Irish folk songs, from which we can see the traces left by ancient rap.

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[Folk Song] Long live friendship

This folk song is a masterpiece of Scottish folk songs. Because it appeared in the American film Broken Blue Bridge in the 1940s, it has become a household name all over the world. This song also has a name. Have a good trip. People are used to singing this song when they say goodbye to their friends. The lyrics of this song were written by Robert, a famous Scottish poet in18th century. Burns wrote it according to the old Scottish folk song "Good Old Times". This song is in 2/4 beat and written in a typical Scottish pentatonic style. The song is divided into two sections, the first eight sections are one section, and the second section is a chorus. The structure of the song is regular and the rhythm is distinct, which is characterized by the rhythm of the whole song. The melody of this song is beautiful and euphemistic, and the lyrics are simple, natural and touching. Through repeated lyrics in segments, the song further exaggerates the atmosphere of attachment when leaving and nostalgia after leaving, and sings the theme of everlasting friendship. This song also has a triple-beat notation, and the movie Broken Blue Bridge appears in the form of a triple-beat waltz.

⑤ Italian folk songs

Italians are enthusiastic and uninhibited, and like to sing. Italian music has a long tradition and is also the birthplace of Bel Canto. Italian folk songs are beautiful and colorful, which can be divided into southern, northern, central and Sardinian regions by region. Southern folk songs are characterized by clear tunes, minor tunes, free rhythm and high pitch. The northern tune is dominated by triad chords, with major and minor modes. Gorgeous tunes, strong decorative, often polyphonic chorus, rigorous rhythm, mostly in the form of segmented songs. The folk songs in the central region have gorgeous tunes and rich decorations. There are two kinds of rhythm: strict and free. Sardinian folk songs have a complex multi-voice structure quartet, starting with the lead singer, and other parts only sing the lining words. The singer has a deep voice, gorgeous tunes and many decorative sounds, similar to Spanish and Arabic styles.

The types of Italian folk songs are: boat songs, love songs, pastoral songs, narrative songs, love songs, serenades, drinking songs and so on. Italian folk songs are fluent and vivid, full of singing and romance.

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1, "Santa Claus? Lucia "

This is a famous Italian "boat song". Boat song is a vocal genre, which can be seen everywhere in Italy. Santa Claus? Lucia is a song written by Italian composer Cautrat according to the national style. This song adopts the rhythm of 3/8 beat, which highlights the characteristics of boat songs and gives people a feeling of ups and downs on the water. The song is written in a major scale and in the form of a piece. This song has accompaniment, which is suitable for guitar accompaniment. Lucia is the name of a goddess. She is a symbol of beauty and happiness. Santa Claus? Lucia is a love song, which expresses the theme that people love life and call for love. This song is full of vitality in rhythm, beautiful and euphemistic in melody, and closely combined with lyrics. This is a beautiful and moving song. It is loved by audiences all over the world, and it is also one of tenors' favorite tracks, which can be described as "appealing to both refined and popular tastes".

Step 2 Return to Surianto

This song is not only a famous Italian folk song, but also one of the favorite solo tracks of tenors. Actually, this song was written by Italian Gianbadista? De? Curtis, Ernest? De? Created by the Curtis brothers, younger brother Ernesto? De? Curtis once wrote many Neapolitan songs, the most famous of which is Return to Surento.

Naples is a seaside city, and Surento, a tourist resort, is not far from here. The scenery here is beautiful and the climate is pleasant, and the hillside is full of fruit trees. Every autumn, fruits give off an attractive fragrance. Many buildings are built on cliffs by the sea, and the landscape is strange. Souranto is also the hometown of the famous Italian poet Tasso in the Renaissance, so many famous people in the world have been here.

The song "Back to Surianto" belongs to the Naples boat song genre, with a 3/4 beat rhythm, a slightly slower rhythm and fresh and elegant lyrics. This song adopts the alternation of major mode and minor mode. The first part is E minor from 1 bar to 8 bar, with beautiful and soft melody. The second part is in e major, and the melody is bright and open. The alternate use of patterns comes from bar 2 1.

3. My sun

This is a song written by Italian composer Kapuya in the19th century. It was originally performed at the Naples Folk Song Art Festival. With a strong Neapolitan folk song style. The melody of the song is beautiful and gorgeous, and the mood is unrestrained and enthusiastic. In addition, it has a tango-like accompaniment, which is very charming. This song is written in two paragraphs, from 1 to 16. The first melody of the song is performed in the middle and bass areas. The melody is soft and graceful, praising the bright sunshine and having a distinctive style. The second melody is high-pitched, lively, passionate and exciting, which is in sharp contrast with the first paragraph. In the song, the lover is compared to the sun to express his inner feelings.

4. "ah! Friends

This is a song that our people are very familiar with. Because it appeared in the Yugoslav film Bridge, some people mistakenly thought it was a Yugoslav folk song. Actually, this is an Italian folk song. The Yugoslav film "Bridge" describes the fighting life of Yugoslav guerrillas in the anti-fascist struggle in World War II, and it is a favorite movie of our audience. The episode of the movie "Bridge" "Ah! Friends is also widely sung in China.

This song is 2/4 beat, with vivid and dynamic rhythm, which accurately reflects the image of a witty, brave, firm and optimistic guerrilla. The melody is smooth, simple and touching, and the timbre is slightly sad because of the use of minor scales.

(6) Yugoslav folk songs

The most important genre in Yugoslav folk music is the epic narrative of Serbian impromptu poets. It has a traditional melody type and a narrow range. Serbian folk songs are rich in rhythm, which is characterized by two intervals added to the melody. Most patterns are natural patterns. Besides ancient narrative songs, Yugoslav folk songs also include lyric songs, humorous songs, wedding songs and ceremony songs. Single voice and double voice are the majority.

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deep-sea

This is a very famous Yugoslav folk song. The song depicts the swaying image of the vast sea with the beat characteristic of 3/4 beat. The melody of the song is euphemistic and lyrical, and the two-part bass melody is lyrical and smooth, forming a harmonious relationship with the treble melody, and the harmony effect is rich, which highlights the lyrical characteristics of this song. The lyrics of songs are closely combined with songs, which have distinct characteristics in folk songs similar to love songs. The combination of narrative, confession and lyric is very good, which better embodies the artistic characteristics of this emotional folk song. The mood of this song is deep sadness and melancholy, reflecting the loss of love.

(7) American folk songs

The United States is located in the middle of North America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean in the east and the Pacific Ocean in the west. Alaska is located in the northwest of North America, and Hawaii is located in the north of the central Pacific Ocean. America is a country of immigrants. Today, people living in the United States are descendants of more than 100 nationalities from all continents, so the United States is called the "national melting pot". Therefore, the characteristics of American folk songs are varied. The formation and development of American folk songs are closely related to the national cultures of all ethnic groups living in the United States. After a long period of mutual influence and integration, they have formed a unique American style. Before Columbus discovered the New World, Indians lived there. At that time, the Indians were still in the primitive commune stage. Their songs were mainly about labor, weddings, funerals and battles, accompanied by percussion instruments such as drums, and based on pentatonic scale, with unique melody and rhythm. /kloc-After the 6th century, with the establishment of colonies in North America by Spain, the Netherlands, France and Britain, immigrants from various countries also brought their own music culture to the United States. British music has the greatest influence on American music. Immigrants often sing English, Scottish and Irish folk songs brought from their hometown. In distant areas such as Kentucky and Tennessee, ancient English folk songs and dances are still preserved. In the south bordering Mexico, the characteristics of folk songs and dances are similar to those of Mexico and Spain. In Louisiana, there are obvious traces of French folk songs. 16 19, when the first African slaves were sold to North America, it added new content to American folk songs. African blacks love music and are good at singing while working. Foster,/kloc-an outstanding American composer in the 0 th and 9 th centuries, loves and loves black music. He wrote in a black American tone and became the best black songwriter. His masterpieces, Old Black Slave, Relatives in My Hometown and My Hometown in Kentucky, are not only popular in America, but also become world famous songs. He wrote more than 200 songs in his life, many of which absorbed the characteristics of foreign folk songs. The most famous ones are the beautiful dream god, blonde Jenny, Oh, Susanna and so on.

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1, I miss my hometown

This ballad is one of the most familiar songs for China music lovers, especially its melody. It first appeared in the second movement of Symphony from the New World written by the famous Czech composer dvorak in 1893. There are two opinions about this folk song. One is that this song is a melody created by dvorak and written by later generations. The other is that this song was originally an American folk song, which was arranged and adapted by dvorak and used in the symphony. Anyway, the music of this song is very beautiful and charming, and it can be clearly said from the title that it is a homesick song. The song is a six-tone scale with a three-stage structure, and the scales are arranged as 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7. The tune omits the fourth "4" sound, and the song depicts people's feelings of missing their hometown and their loved ones with a slow, broad and long rhythm. Like other homesick songs, this song shows a feeling of loneliness.

2. Laoren River

This song is a song describing the tragic life of African-Americans in the American musical The Orchid Boat. This song is written in the form of folk songs, and each paragraph adopts different rhythm patterns to highlight the nature and artistic conception of different paragraphs. This song is in major mode, 2/2 beats. The melody of the song absorbs the factors of black soul songs, and the artistic conception of each paragraph is different. The first paragraph highlights narrative and emotional repression; The second paragraph is emotional, showing anger; The third paragraph is similar to the first paragraph; In the fourth stage, the speed is slow and the sound area is low, showing a helpless sigh; The fifth paragraph is the climax of the song, expressing the firm confidence of black workers who are unwilling to endure the slavery of white rulers and rise up and resist.

(8) Canadian folk songs

Canada is located in the northern half of North America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Arctic Ocean in the north, ranking second in the world. Indians and Eskimos originally lived in Canada, and their music has a unique style. Indian music has a long and ancient history. Folk songs include hunting songs, samurai songs, witch doctor songs, religious ceremony songs, love songs and so on. Singing is 2/4 beat, drum accompaniment is 3/4 beat, and the scales are mostly pentatonic, and there are also six or seven tones. The folk songs of Eskimos living in Canada mainly include hunting songs, boating songs and women's labor songs. Eskimo music is monophonic and pentatonic. Canada is an immigrant country, so there are both French-style folk songs and English-style folk songs in Canada, which are brought by immigrants from the country of origin, forming a unique folk style in Canada.

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Red river valley.

This is a song reflecting the theme of love, expressing a girl's reluctant mood when she is about to leave her lover. The language of the song is simple and the feelings are sincere and touching. The narrative characteristics of songs are reflected in the rhythm of 4/4 beats at medium speed and the form of segmented songs. The range of the song is not wide, only one octave, but the melody is very pleasant and you can never get tired of listening to it.

(9) Egyptian folk songs

Egyptian folk songs are simple and moving, showing the style of Arab national music. Egyptian folk songs include labor songs, life songs, mourning songs, war songs, ritual songs and so on. /kloc-In the 9th century, Egypt became a British colony, and European music had a great influence on Egypt, so Egyptian military music was very famous.

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Songs by the Nile

This is an Egyptian folk song that our people are very familiar with and love. The song shows the industrious and optimistic life and mental outlook of the Egyptian people living on the Nile. The song is 2/4 beats, with a two-stage structure and a large scale. The song is guided by a four-bar prelude, which makes the singing part enter. The bar 1 to 8 is the first part of the song, and the bar A is followed by the bar B (1 1 to 18). The bar B is sung twice, and the first four bars and the last four bars are sung with the word "ah" for the second time, and the lyrics are the same as before. A short epilogue was added to the end of this song.

This song has two lyrics. The first lyric sings: "The sun has just climbed the hill, the Nile is shining with golden light, and the working people are singing in the beautiful land of their hometown ...". Described the scene of Egyptian people working and living in beautiful and rich land. The second lyric poem describes the night in the moonlight. Under the coconut trees, people played "Arago", shook tambourines, sang and danced, showing the bright and unrestrained character of the Egyptians. This song is lively and lively, with strong Egyptian national characteristics.

(10) Spanish folk songs

Spanish folk music has regional characteristics. Because Spain is located on the west coast of the Mediterranean, it is the transportation hub of Europe and Africa, and it has been influenced by Greek, Roman and Christian cultures, as well as Arab and Gypsy cultures in history. Therefore, Spanish music is rich and colorful. Spaniards are good at singing and dancing, among which dances such as "Qiakong", "Salabande" and "Hota" are deeply loved by the people, and these dance genres have also been adopted by European art and music. Spanish folk songs are mainly monosyllabic. Like other European countries, folk artists and minstrels are the main disseminators and creators of secular music in the12nd century. Spanish legends and pastoral songs are very important folk songs. 16- 17 century popular romance, mostly lyrical epic, varied in content, often with a sad nature. Pastoral was the most popular in15-16th century, which was characterized by the combination of narrative and lyricism, sometimes rich in oriental color, rich in expression techniques and dynamic, expressing people's inner feelings about life and historical events and rich and complex emotional world. Spanish folk instruments are mainly plucked instruments, such as guitar, percussion board and tambourine.

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dove

Sebastian, a famous Spanish composer? According to a song written by Latyr. He wrote many songs, most of which were full of Spanish folk songs. The song "Dove" was composed by Latyr while living in Havana, Cuba. The song adopted the rhythm of Cuban folk dance Habanella. Generally, medium speed or slow speed is used, with 2/4 beat. Habanella is a kind of dance music introduced to Spain in the19th century. It is said that Latyr and French composer Bicai are good friends, and Latyr influenced Bicai with Spanish music. The famous Habanella dance "Love is like a free bird" in Bizet's opera Carmen directly quoted Latier's music.

"Dove" is written in D major and has three paragraphs, the first paragraph 1 to 19, the second paragraph 20 to 34, and the rest are the third paragraph. Each paragraph consists of two phrases: up and down. Its sentence pattern features that the middle and last sentence in three paragraphs is a complete repetition of the previous phrase, and the end of each paragraph falls on the "3" (mi) sound in the mode, but the melody sound changes slightly when the song ends the sentence, and finally ends on the mode tonic. The song in the first paragraph enters the combination of triplets and dotted notes with a weak rhythm, giving people a feeling of instability, and the music has a sad mood. The melody of the second paragraph enters from the forehand beat, and the triplet is warmly stimulated and connected with the syncopation at the back, which makes the mood clear and unrestrained and shows the deep affection for the lover. The third paragraph seems to be a call to former lovers: "dear little pigeon!" " Please come to my side, and we will fly over the blue ocean and go to distant places. Here, the hero compares his lover to a "little pigeon", which fully expresses the hero's deep feelings of longing to meet his sweetheart. This song has a strong rhythm, beautiful melody and passionate emotions, and its use of triplets is also unique. It is a beautiful and charming song with romantic temperament. This song is widely circulated not only in Spain, but also in Latin American countries, and our people like it very much.