Mangshan Mountain in Luoyang. Mangshan Mausoleum Group is a large-scale national cultural relics protection unit in China, and it is also one of the areas where ancient mausoleums are concentrated in the world. There are more than a dozen imperial tombs in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei, Western Jin Dynasty and Northern Wei Dynasty, and there are more than 1000 tombs with royal families and ministers buried, which are ancient tombs from the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25 -220) to the Three Kingdoms (AD 220-280). On Mangshan Mountain, large and small earthen bags are the tombs of emperors, princes and dignitaries, and the ancient tombs of Mangshan Mountain. Mangshan Mountain, also known as North Mangshan Mountain, belongs to the middle part of the Qinling Mountains. It is located in the loess hilly area on the south bank of the Yellow River and north of Luoyang City, about 150 meters above the water surface of the Yellow River and Luohe River. North-south 16 km, east-west 30 km, covering an area of about 500 square kilometers, with open terrain. In the soil layer of 5- 15 meters below Mangshan surface, it has low water permeability, good bonding performance and dense soil, which is most suitable for placing graves. Mangshan has beautiful mountains and rivers and pleasant scenery. Although the mountain is not high, the soil is thick and the water is low, which is suitable for funeral. So there are many tombs of ancient emperors on Mangshan Mountain, which has been the cemetery of Luoyang people since the Eastern Han Dynasty. There are tombs of famous people in past dynasties, such as Lv Buwei in Qin Dynasty, Chen Houzhu in Southern Dynasties, Li Houzhu in Southern Tang Dynasty, Sima Jia in Western Jin Dynasty, Liu Xiuyuan Mausoleum of Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, Du Fu, a poet in Tang Dynasty and Yan Zhenqing, a great calligrapher. Now there is the first tomb museum in China-Luoyang Tomb Museum. The tombs of Cao Wei and the Western Jin Dynasty in the east are surrounded by mountains and have no land. There are tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Northern Wei Dynasty in the west, and there are more than 300 existing ground paddocks in a bucket or cone shape. The largest one has a diameter of over 65,438+000m and a height of over 50m. Among the tombs that have been excavated, the big brick yellow intestines are used as materials, and the shape is huge; There are even smaller holes. A large number of epitaphs unearthed at that time involved politics, economy, military affairs, culture, exchanges between China and foreign countries and ethnic relations. It provides important information for historical research.