1June 853 captured Wuchang, shaking the Qing court. On February 9, Hong Xiuquan and other leaders claimed to be 500,000 people, with more than 10000 ships, and Jiajiang eastbound, connecting Jiujiang, Anqing and Wuhu. /kloc-in March of 0/9, Jiangning (Nanjing), an important town in the south of the Yangtze River, was occupied, designated as the capital and renamed Tianjing. The Xuanpai two armies captured Zhenjiang and Yangzhou, forming a horns with Tianjing.
On May 1853 and 13, Li, Vice Premier of Tianguan and Prime Minister of Emperor Guan, led more than 20,000 people from Pukou and was ordered to "take Yan Dou from others". The Taiping Army went north through Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi and Zhili (Hebei) and arrived at Jinghai and Liu Du Town in the southwest of Tianjin on1October 29th 1853. The Qing court was shocked and Shengbao was appointed as an imperial envoy. Later, Mianyu, the king of Huiwang, was appointed as the appointed general, and Sengqin, the king of Horqin County, was appointed as the counselor minister to "suppress" with Shengbao.
The Northern Expeditionary Army was surrounded by heavy troops of the Qing army. It was the middle of winter, military resources were scarce, reinforcements were delayed, and the situation became more and more difficult. Forced to break south, on February 5 1854 to Shucheng, and then to Fucheng. The Qing army followed closely, and the Northern Expeditionary Army was besieged again. Hong Xiuquan and Yang learned that the Northern Expeditionary Army had arrived near Tianjin before considering sending reinforcements.
1On February 4th, 854, Zeng, deputy prime minister of Xiaguan, and Xu Zongyang, deputy prime minister of Dongguan, led 7500 northern expedition reinforcements, starting from Anqing, passing through northern Anhui and northern Jiangsu, and taking Shandong directly. On April 12, Klingqing was besieged by the Ministry of Shengbao and collapsed on the way back to South on the 27th. In May, Tianjing failed to organize reinforcements again, and the Northern Expeditionary Army fought alone. Li learned that reinforcements were heading north and broke through Fucheng on May 5th, heading east and occupying Dongguang County. In order to divide the enemy and meet the reinforcements, Li led more than a thousand people to break through the south and occupied Gaotang, Shandong Province on the 28th. Knowing that the reinforcements of the Northern Expedition had been defeated, he built a base to hold on. The northern expeditionary army divided the soldiers into two places, and the situation was even more lonely.
On March 7th, 1855 Lian Town was captured by Sang Linqin. Sangorrin Qinnan Xuanjiang defeated Bao Jun and stormed Gaotang. Li broke through and went south to Fengguantun, Chiping County. On May 3 1 day, Feng Guantun was flooded by Sengqin, and Li was captured. The soldiers of the Northern Expeditionary Army were brave and good at fighting, but due to the strategic taboo of being independent, they were eventually wiped out.
At the same time of the Northern Expedition, on June 3rd, 1853, Lai, the Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of Shimonoseki, led more than a thousand warships and started the Western Expedition from Tianjing along the river with an army of 20,000 to 30,000. He wants to seize Anhui and Jiangxi, enter Hunan and Hubei, control Anqing, Jiujiang and Wuhan, and shield Tianjing. 10, the Western Expedition Army occupied Anqing, turned into Nanchang, besieged the city for 80 days, and retreated northward.
From Shi Dakai to Anqing, he presided over the Western Expedition, concentrated his forces on attacking northern Anhui, and conquered Luzhou (Hefei) in1June+141October. Follow the western attack, block the city in Huangzhou and defeat the Qing army. Take Hankou and Hanyang and surround Wuchang. At the same time, we divided the army into two branches and marched into northern Hubei and Hunan. The Xiang army led by Zeng Guofan fought in Yuezhou, Xiangtan and Jinggang, losing ground. The Xiang army took advantage of the situation to capture Wuhan and broke through the defense lines of Tianjia Town and Banbishan of Taiping Army.
1855 1 month, the soldiers set out for Jiujiang. In order to deter Xiang's attack, Shi Dakai led troops to rescue Xiang's navy in Hukou, Jiujiang and other places, thus reversing the unfavorable situation. Win the counterattack and then conquer the three towns of Wuhan. In order to save the defeat, the Qing court mobilized troops to besiege Wuhan, and the Western Expedition Army and the Xiang Army fought fiercely around Wuhan.
1855 10 At the beginning of October, Zeng Guofan sent troops from Jiangxi to help Hubei, and the situation in Wuhan was critical. Shi Dakai led his troops westward, defeated Xiang in Xianning and Chongyang, advanced into Jiangxi, occupied more than 40 counties in 7 provinces, and trapped Zeng Guofan in Nanchang, reaching the peak of the Western Expedition.
1March, 856, Shi Dakai was ordered to lead the main force to rescue Tianjing, and the Western Expedition ended, basically achieving the predetermined strategic goal. Since the Taiping Army's Northern Expedition and Western Expedition, Tianjing has been surrounded by the camps in Jiangnan and Jiangbei of the Qing Army.
1853 65438+ In February, Taiping Army abandoned Yangzhou and Jiangbei only occupied Guazhou. /kloc-in the summer of 0/854, the Qing army dispatched 50 "red single boats" from Guangdong to Tianjing River, and the traffic in the upper and lower reaches of Tianjing was blocked.
1August 855, Wuhu fell, Zhenjiang crisis, and the military situation outside Tianjing became increasingly severe. At the end of the year, Hong Xiuquan and Yang decided to deploy troops from the Western Expedition battlefield to rescue them.
1February, 856, Qin rigang, the prince of Yan, led tens of thousands of people, and went to Beijing to aid Zhenjiang during the day and crossed Guazhou in the north. In April, he attacked the camp in Jiangbei, reoccupied Yangzhou, crossed the south again, and even broke the camp of the Qing army outside Zhenjiang and withdrew to Tianjing. When Shi Dakai came back from the front in Jiangxi, the Taiping rebels became thicker and attacked the Jiangnan camp in June. Xiang Rong was defeated in Danyang and soon died of anger. At this point, the threat of Tianjing was basically lifted.
1August, 856, Yang boasted and forced Hong Xiuquan to call him "Long live". Hong Xiuquan ordered Wei Changhui and Shi Dakai to return to Beijing for rescue. At the beginning of September, Yang and his tens of thousands of men were slaughtered by Wei Changhui.
Soon, Wei Changhui was executed by Hong Xiuquan. He drove to Beijing from Shida, the 5th Battalion of Wen Chao to assist the government. Shi Dakai, suspected by Hong Xiuquan, left angrily in May 1857, leading tens of thousands of soldiers to leave China and fight independently. Although it continued to fight against the Qing dynasty, it was far from the base area and was destroyed by the Dadu River in Sichuan in June 1863.
After this "infighting", the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was badly weakened, the military situation deteriorated, Wuhan and Jiujiang fell one after another, most of the base areas in Hubei and Jiangxi were lost, and only the battlefield control area in Anhui was slightly expanded. From then on, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom began to decline!
At this time, under the influence of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the national people's resistance struggle was at its climax, and Hong Xiuquan used a group of young generals such as Li Xiucheng and Chen Yucheng to prevent the military situation from deteriorating.
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/858, the Qing army rebuilt camps in Jiangnan and Jiangbei, and besieged Tianjing again. In order to solve the siege of Beijing, the late military commander Li Xiucheng pleaded to leave Beijing and held a meeting with the former military commander Chen Yucheng in Zongyang, Anhui Province to determine the operational strategy.
After the meeting, Chen Yucheng led the troops to attack Luzhou first, then went south to Li Xiucheng, and attacked Pukou Jiangbei Daying on September 27th. 1858. At this time, the Xiang army attacked from Hubei Road in the east, Anqing in the south and Luzhou in the north. Li, an expert of Xiang Army, led 5,000 people to sanhe town in the south of Luzhou on165438+1October 3, and Chen Yucheng got the news. Li Xiucheng and other departments successively went to aid, wiped out Li in the periphery of Sanhe, recovered Shucheng and Tongcheng, and forced Xiang troops surrounded by Anqing to withdraw from Hubei.
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/860, Jiangnan Daying once again encircled Tianjing. Li Xiucheng, a loyal soldier, and Gan Hong Rengan agreed to rescue Jing Ke by encircling Wei to save Zhao. On February 10, Li Xiucheng led more than 20,000 people into Zhejiang via southern Anhui, captured Hangzhou, and induced the Jiangnan camp to rescue separately. As soon as the Qing army reinforcements arrived in Hangzhou, they abandoned the city and fled, returning north day and night. In late April, various Taiping troops arrived at the periphery of Tianjing. On May 2nd, the Jiangnan camp was broken again. Xuancheng conquered the Eastern Expedition, occupied Jurong, Danyang and Changzhou, and occupied Suzhou on June 2. Then he marched into Shanghai, but his internal forces were destroyed and blocked by British and French invaders, and he failed. Just when the Taiping Army attacked Shanghai, Zeng Guofan, Governor of Liangjiang River in Qing Dynasty, and Hu Linyi, Governor of Hubei Province, led more than 50,000 people from an amphibious division to the east and surrounded Anqing. In September, Hong Xiuquan mobilized troops and went to the west for rescue. Chen Yucheng led the army to Jiangbei and Li Xiucheng led the army to Jiangnan. It was agreed to "join forces" with Hubei in April of the following year to force a rescue to solve the siege of Anqing.
186 1 March, Chen Yucheng occupied Huangzhou, Hubei. Due to the intimidation and obstruction of the British invaders, he stopped attacking Wuhan and returned to Anhui in late April. Li Xiucheng department arrived at Wuchang periphery as late as June, and learned that Chen Yucheng department returned to Anhui first and then to East Zhejiang. The plan of "taking Hubei together" was a complete failure. Since then, Hong Xiuquan increased his troops and stormed the enemy who besieged Anqing three times, all of which were defeated by Xiang Army. On September 5, Anqing was captured by the Xiang army. Chen Yucheng stay in Luzhou, helpless.
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/862, Wang Decai and Lai were sent to Henan and Shaanxi to recruit soldiers, and the troops in northern Anhui were even thinner. Li Xiucheng led the army into Shanghai again, but it failed because of the joint resistance of the British and French aggressor troops and the Qing army. From April to May, Jiangsu Governor Li Hongzhang led 6500 Huai troops from Anqing to Shanghai, and the military situation on the Eastern Front became increasingly severe. In May, General Jingzhou led the Qing army to attack, and Chen Yucheng abandoned the city and went to Shouzhou, where he was lured and captured by the leader Miao and sent to Qingying to be killed. The defense line in the west of Tianjin collapsed, but it developed in the southeast. At the end of the year, the Taiping Army captured most of Hangzhou and Zhejiang.
1in late March, 862, more than 20,000 amphibious divisions of Xiang army descended from Anqing along the river, heading east, and arrived in the suburbs of Tianjing at the end of May. Hong Xiuquan urgently ordered Li Xiucheng, who was bidding at the Shanghai front, to rush back. In September, Li Xiucheng and other "Thirteen Kings" led more than 65,438+10,000 people to rescue from Suzhou and other places, and marched for more than 40 days without success.
Soon, Hong Xiuquan ordered Li Xiucheng to lead his troops to "save the south from the north" in an attempt to enter Hubei from the north to the west, forcing the besieged Xiang army to rescue him. On the way to the west, Li Xiucheng was stopped by Xiang army and forced to turn back when entering Lu 'an, Anhui. On the way, it was intercepted by the Xiang army, losing tens of thousands of elite.
At the same time, with the support of Chang, Li Hongzhang's Huai army marched westward from Shanghai, captured Suzhou and Wuxi in February 1863 and 65438+, and marched to Changzhou in two ways. The Governor of Zhejiang left and led his troops to attack Zhejiang from Jiangxi, and captured Hangzhou in March 1864, basically occupying the whole province of Zhejiang. One by one, Xiang troops in Ceng Guoquan captured the main strongholds outside Tianjin, forming a encirclement of Tianjin. After the fall of Suzhou, Li Xiucheng returned to Tianjing from the front line and suggested "Don't let the city go", which was rejected by Hong Xiuquan, but was arranged to do his duty.