2. Early handicraft workshops in Western Europe were concentrated in textile, mining, metallurgy, shipbuilding and other industries. 3./kloc-Since the 6th century, western European countries have carried out policies in favor of businessmen in order to make Qiang Bing rich. The class that has changed since the emergence of handicraft workshops is the merchant class, a new class bourgeoisie.
4. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's manual workshops appeared in Jingdezhen. 5, known as "the most perfect representative of the Renaissance" is da? Finch's masterpieces Mona Lisa and The Last Supper; Shakespeare was a famous English playwright during the Renaissance, and his masterpiece was Romeo and Juliet.
6. Known as the "Pope's Cattle" are Germans, and the religious reformers are Luther, Bacon, Copernicus and Heliocentrism. Newton's outstanding achievement is that he put forward the law of gravity, Voltaire, a thinker who advocated natural human rights, and Rousseau, a French thinker, put forward the idea of people's sovereignty. Columbus, the navigator, was the first person to discover the new continent. The original inhabitants of America were Indians and yellow people. The route from western Europe to India was first discovered by Da? Gamma Magellan was the first man to sail around the world.
Known as the "sea coachman" is Dutch. 8. Reasons for opening the new air route: (1) Gold in the eastern countries has become the dream of western Europeans.
(2) The Ottoman Empire controlled the main trade routes between the East and the West and blocked the traditional trade routes of western European countries to the East; (3) the development of commodity economy and the germination of capitalism (the root cause) (4) the need for the spread of Christianity. Generally speaking, the direct reasons for opening up new air routes are: pursuing wealth and obtaining benefits; The fundamental reason is the development of commodity economy. Impact: The opening of the new air route promoted the development of capitalism in Western Europe, strengthened global ties, and the world began to move towards the whole.
9. The countries that took the lead in colonial plunder were Portugal and Spain, and the country that occupied the most colonies was Britain. 10, the kings of Britain and France on the eve of the bourgeois revolution were Charles I and Louis XVI respectively; The leaders are Cromwell and robespierre; The Bill of Rights is the most important law to restrict the royal power in Britain, and the political system established after the revolution is constitutional monarchy.
1 1. The event that opened the prelude to the American War of Independence was the gunfire in Lexington. The document published in the American War of Independence was the Declaration of Independence, and the leader of the War of Independence was Washington. 12. The French Revolution was marked by the conquest of the Bastille. The document issued is the Declaration of Human Rights, the national anthem of France is La Marseillaise, and the founder of the French Empire is Napoleon.
13, Zhu Yuanzhang was the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and Songjiang was a developed area of cotton textile industry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. A large number of China products have entered the international market, such as silk, tea and porcelain. 14 years, during the Ming Dynasty, the Turku Department of Mongolia moved westward and was accepted by Qianlong. /kloc-In the early 8th century, the Qing Dynasty * * * set up a minister stationed in Tibet to manage Tibet on behalf of the central government. The Qing Dynasty * * * put down the aristocratic rebellion in Junggar and Uighur, and legally determined the vast areas of Heilongjiang and Wusuli River basins as the territory of China. Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar.
15. The institutions established in Ming and Qing dynasties to strengthen the royal power were the factory health and the military department. In order to strengthen ideological control in Qing dynasty, a literary inquisition was established in Daxing. At that time, the style of imperial examination papers was eight-part essay. 16, China's thinker who opposed the autocratic imperial power was Huang Zongxi.
17, Geographical Map of the Great World was drawn by Italian missionary Matteo Ricci. As a court painter in China, the Italian missionary who participated in the western-style architectural design of Yuanmingyuan was Lang Shining. 18 and 1553, the Portuguese occupied Macau, and the Dutch occupied Taiwan Province Province at the beginning of 17 century. The hero who successfully recovered Taiwan Province Province was Zheng Chenggong. 1793, British envoy Margaret led a delegation to China, with the main purpose of expanding the British overseas market.
The wave of industrial civilization sweeping the world 1 and 18. In the middle of the 8th century, Britain began an industrial revolution in which machine production replaced manual labor. The first emerging industry was cotton textile industry, and the invention and application of a new power machine steam engine brought human society into age of steam. 2. Known as the "century of science" is19th century. The earliest industrialized country in the world is Britain. The most prominent feature of the new stage of industrial revolution is the wide application of electricity in production and life, which has brought mankind into the electrical age.
3. Compare the pre-industrial revolution with the pre-industrial revolution. The main technical inventions and inventors in the new stage of the industrial revolution are Jenny spinning machine (Hargreaves), steam engine (Watt), steam locomotive (Stephenson), motor (Gram), electromagnetic induction principle (Faraday), utility generator (Siemens), electric light (Edison), Paris electrified railway, film projector, telephone (. Cars (Ford) and airplanes (Wright Brothers) are leading countries in industrial development, such as Britain and the United States. The main industrial categories in Germany are textile, machinery manufacturing, metallurgy, mining, paper making, transportation, electric power industry, steel industry, chemical industry, petroleum industry and automobile industry. In modern times, the assembly line production mode appeared in the factory and the film projector was invented. At the beginning of the 20th century, the world finally formed a whole, mainly in the following aspects: the economic world basically formed a unified market, goods from all countries flowed in this huge market, and the traffic track extended to all parts of the world. Countries have developed a number of port cities, and the population movement has accelerated, leading to the upsurge of overseas immigration and wider cultural and cultural exchanges. The advanced ideas, science and technology and lifestyle of industrial civilization spread sports to all parts of the world, and some world-wide activities have also appeared, such as the Olympic Games. Haiti was the first independent country in Latin America, and Japan became the first industrialized country in Asia through the Meiji Restoration.
Comprehensive questions 1, Comparison between Zheng He's voyages to the Western Ocean and Columbus' voyages to the Western Ocean (1) The farthest voyage of Zheng He's voyages to the Western Ocean: the farthest voyage of Columbus to the Red Sea coast and the east coast of Africa: America (2) What are the purposes of Zheng He's voyages to the Western Ocean and Columbus' voyages to the Western Ocean? The main purpose of Zheng He's voyage to the West is.
2. Chinese classroom attendance model, is there a specific record of real middle school classroom attendance (9)
Lushan Cloud Speaker: Wang
Recorder: Jia
Process:
First of all, review and consolidate:
Teacher: Today, we will continue to learn the lesson "Clouds in Lushan Mountain", reading topics and scenic spots.
Student: (Read aloud with emotion)
Review new words. (Word structure, radicals, pronunciation)
Teacher: What are the characteristics of Lushan Cloud introduced in this article?
Health: variety, rapid change (variety, speed, beauty).
Teacher: Can you talk about the characteristics of Lushan Cloud in your own words?
Health: (Speak freely)
Second, ask questions to guide students to learn how to write a composition.
What problems do you think we should solve in this course?
Health: 1. How did the author write these two characteristics clearly?
2. What's the difference between writing?
Third, intensive reading of the text:
Teacher: After reading the text, how did the author write clearly the characteristics of Lushan cloud?
The first section:
Health: Lushan Mountain has mountains, valleys, waterfalls, streams and clouds, and the scenery is beautiful. Among these wonderful scenery, the author likes clouds best, which can be seen from "You".
"Sightseeing on the mountain ... strolling along the mountain road ..." embodies the magical beauty of Lushan's clouds, and strolling on the mountain road makes people feel illusory.
(The teacher added vocabulary: lingering, walking on clouds, getting high)
Train the students to speak, the teacher corrects the students' wrong sentences and supplements the vocabulary appropriately. )
Fourth, reveal the center:
Teacher: What is the author's intention in writing this article?
Health: I hope more people will appreciate the beautiful scenery of Lushan Mountain.
It reflects the author's thoughts and feelings of loving the clouds of Lushan Mountain and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland.
Comments: In the teaching of this class, Mr. Li has been guiding students to study actively from beginning to end. In the part of asking questions, slowly guide students how to taste an article, so that students can explore their own methods of making articles from their past studies without complicated explanations. In the next lecture, through inspiration and inspiration, let students fully imagine, summarize, speak and read, and expand innovative thinking. For example, "can you expand your imagination like the author and imitate his writing to talk about the ever-changing cloud?" . In addition, Mr. Li also pays attention to the accumulation of students' language vocabulary, making up good words, correcting students' language diseases and so on. Students study hard and the classroom atmosphere is very active.
The following is a classmate's lecture record. Please complete the topic 15 as required. (1) fall-fall; ② (product) position —— (product) taste (2 points) 16. Change "centering on a specific humanistic theme" to "centering" or "centering".
(2 points)/analysis of kloc-0/5. Test analysis: to solve typos, we should pay special attention to those words with different pronunciations. One of the ways to correct it is to identify the way words are written according to their meanings.
In this topic, "crash" and "meteorite" are homophonic, and the difference lies in the meaning expressed by the shape: "crash" is related to death, and "meteorite" is related to falling; "Wei" and "Wei" are a group of homophones, the difference is that "Wei" is a noun, which means (1) refers to the rank of an official; (2) The higher the percentage of useful elements or minerals in the ore, the higher the grade; ③ refers to the quality and level of people or things over the years. When "taste" is used as a verb, it means (1) trying to taste and taste; (2) Experience and ponder carefully.
When used as a noun, it refers to the quality and flavor of (1); (2) Style and interest. Test center: memorize and correctly write modern commonly used standardized Chinese characters.
The ability level is a. 16. Test analysis: The phrase "centering on a specific humanistic theme" in the article is redundant, either "centering on a specific humanistic theme" or "centering on ……".
Test center: analyze and modify sick sentences. The ability level is to express and apply e.
4. How to write CET-4 listening records includes two main aspects: one is teaching records, and the other is teaching comments.
Teaching record
We can record this part:
1, teaching time, subjects, class hours, teachers, topics, class hours, etc. (This point is usually clearly indicated at the beginning of the lecture notes. )
2. Teaching process. Including teaching links, teaching contents and teaching methods. Recording teaching methods is more helpful to improve your own teaching. In particular, you should record in detail the teaching methods you think are more exciting. Every class is the same link, or some plain descriptive language should be recorded less, so as to liberate yourself from the recorder's state and pay attention to the students' classroom learning state)
3. Time arrangement of each teaching link. This point is often overlooked by us. Of course, whether the time arrangement is appropriate depends on the students' classroom status. )
4. Student activities. It is absolutely necessary to record the students' wonderful answers. Students' learning status in class is also an important content for us to record and reflect on teaching. )
5, teaching effect (mainly depends on what students get in class)
Three forms of lecture records:
1, summary: briefly record the teaching steps, methods, blackboard writing, etc.
2. Detailed record: Write down the teaching steps in detail.
3. Record the facts: record the teacher's lectures and teacher-student activities until the class is over.
(2) Teaching evaluation: participants' preliminary analysis and evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of this class, as well as suggestions. Including:
1, teaching materials processing and teaching ideas and objectives. (No matter whether the teacher's interpretation of the textbook is accurate or not, he can also write down his own views on the handling of a certain part of the textbook. Whether the teacher's teaching ideas are clear, what kind of ideas will be adopted, whether the positioning of teaching objectives is accurate, and how to achieve them. )
2. Teaching emphases, difficulties and key points (comment on whether the positioning is accurate, whether the difficulties are broken, how to break through, whether the breakthrough is clever, and whether there is a better way)
3. Design of classroom teaching structure
4. Selection of teaching methods
5, the use of teaching methods
6. Basic teaching skills (teaching attitude, language, writing on the blackboard, control ability)
7. Teaching concept (how to implement the new curriculum concept in classroom teaching)
8. Others
Two forms of teaching evaluation:
The first is indirect evaluation, which records the feedback after bilateral activities between teachers and students at any time;
Second, the general evaluation: that is, write the opinions or suggestions formed after the comprehensive analysis of mutual evaluation in the record book, and communicate with the teacher after class to learn from each other's strengths.
A good lecture record should take into account both factual records and comments, and comments are more conducive to teachers' self-improvement.
5. Record and reflection on the evaluation of the second grade Chinese. At the beginning of the second grade Chinese "Boulevard Pass", the junior middle school Chinese team listened to the lecture given by Mr. Heng, who taught the second grade Chinese "Boulevard Pass" text. The evaluation and reflection are summarized as follows: Teacher Yao: 1, the lead-in design of this class is plain but effective.
The teacher asked the students to recite Peach Blossom Spring and introduced it into classroom teaching, which not only paved the way for learning new lessons, but also strengthened the accumulation of knowledge. What kind of society is "Datong" in Avenue Tong? As the starting point of this course, it has played a very good role in stimulating interest, and it should be said that this introduction is relatively successful.
2. The teacher set six questions for this class. Before class, students are asked to group the preview results on the blackboard. From the perspective of checking the preview effect and helping students understand the content, this link should be arranged reasonably, so as to cultivate students' ability of self-study, writing and problem solving. Discussion: When students state their answers, they just follow the script.
If we consider letting other groups express their opinions and discuss, it may activate the classroom and students' thinking. Teacher Xie: By designing six questions, the key points are prominent, and the knowledge points are put in place, teachers can guide reading in time, but students make less noise when presenting.
Teacher Liu: This course focuses on the connection between old and new knowledge. The classroom structure is complete and the knowledge points are basically put in place. The disadvantage is that the teacher's lecture voice is not very loud, students do not actively participate in the classroom, and the classroom atmosphere is rather dull. Teacher Niu: The teacher's thinking is clear and his speech speed is moderate, which gives students enough room for thinking. However, the display of students needs further emphasis and guidance from teachers, so that students who display nature and generosity can become role models.
Teacher Jin: Compared with Peach Blossom Garden, the problem design in this class is from easy to difficult, which helps students to understand the social characteristics of "Great Harmony". This article is written in classical Chinese, which needs to be read more. Students can express it through various reading forms, and feel, comprehend and appreciate it in reading.
Teacher Gong: As a Chinese teacher, Teacher Heng knows that the more open the classroom is, the better it will be for her teaching. Therefore, as a new member of Yang Ming, he dares to emancipate his mind and boldly try a new classroom teaching model. His strong sense of social responsibility and professionalism made me respect him. An open classroom is a classroom of humanity and democracy. It needs everyone to participate and have something to say. The right to speak in the classroom belongs to the students, and the leading role in the classroom belongs to the students.
In fact, this kind of classroom has higher requirements for teachers, which is a severe test for teachers' comprehensive quality. Teachers must keep charging and learning. Education is sacred and arduous, which requires constant efforts and exploration by all our educators. As the saying goes, "explore a new road with painstaking efforts, and you will see gold only after blowing out the yellow sand." I believe that if we have the courage and spirit of Mr. Heng to try boldly, our education will be more and more perfect and mature.
Reflecting on the beginning of school, the school organizes all teachers to learn the theory of teaching, scientific research and educational reform; The director of the county teaching and research section was also invited to give a lecture on the theory of new curriculum reform. On September 7th, I was lucky enough to listen to the students' demonstration class: novel classroom mode, warm classroom atmosphere and witty teaching ... which was well received by teachers and attracted me deeply.
During the period, I also listened to other teachers' classes, which was very enlightening. Therefore, I would like to take the opportunity of this lecture to try this new classroom model and ask my colleagues for advice.
A Passage to the Avenue is a short and pithy theoretical classical Chinese. It is difficult for junior high school students to understand thoroughly.
But I think it's a little difficult, just to give myself and my classmates a good exercise opportunity. Therefore, according to the teaching progress, use this article to attend classes.
Students are required to preview the text by self-study in the morning before class. Solve the problems of pronunciation and word meaning by yourself, and master the main idea of the text by combining the text notes.
And arranged the discussion questions of each group. Pay attention to group autonomy, cooperation and discussion.
Combine reading, discussion and guidance to organize the class. Classroom activities focus on students' independent discussion and inquiry.
In class, the students' discussion was not as enthusiastic as I thought, and some groups were obviously unprepared and their answers were too simple. Two of the six groups were well prepared and answered comprehensively, and their own ideas were also integrated into them, with good results.
There are two groups whose answers are more accurate: 62616964757a68696416fe4b893e5b19E313333303338, which did not arouse the objections of other students. Of course, it can't cause discussion, and it seems dull.
The answer of the first group is relatively simple. It has aroused the discussion of the students, and the students who make up the lessons can make improvements from different angles, forming a good discussion atmosphere.
It can be said that there are gains and losses. Review the whole class carefully.
I believe that although this course has completed the pre-set classroom teaching tasks, there are still many places worthy of improvement and improvement. 1, students are not prepared enough before class, so we must carefully organize the preparation before class.
Judging from the students' discussion, some groups have not discussed enough, and the results of the discussion are relatively simple and the conclusions are not comprehensive and in-depth. 2. Students are not enough to adapt to this classroom mode.
When some groups show the results of group discussion, their voices are too low, and even some people are at a loss and the classroom links are unfamiliar. It is necessary to participate in and exercise regularly in order to make continuous progress.
3. Teachers' ability to control the classroom should be improved. Because I don't know much about this classroom model, I don't have much contact.
Not familiar with the students' situation, not fully aware of the differences between individuals and classes. When organizing students to preview the discussion, it is not targeted.
Comments on students are also not in place. Did not create an active and smart classroom atmosphere.
These are my own superficial thoughts on this course, and I hope to get your comments.
6. Attendance record. The basic requirements for mastering attendance records include two main aspects.
One is teaching records, and the other is teaching comments. The embodiment in the notebook is the record on the left and the comment on the right.
(1) Class records include: 1, year, month, day, subject, class, teacher, topic, class hours, etc. ; 2. Teaching process. Including teaching links and teaching contents, as well as the methods used in teaching (mainly blackboard writing); 3. Time arrangement of each teaching link; 4. learning activities; 5. Teaching effect.
The first is a brief record, which briefly records the teaching steps, methods and blackboard writing. The second is to record all the teaching steps in detail.
The third is to record the facts, record the teacher's lectures and teacher-student activities until the class is over. (2) Classroom comments: students' preliminary analysis and evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of this class teaching, as well as suggestions.
Including: 1, teaching material processing and teaching ideas and objectives; 2. Teaching emphases, difficulties and keys; 3. Design of classroom structure; 4. Selection of teaching methods; 5. Application of teaching methods; 6. Basic teaching skills; 7. Teaching ideas; 8. others. Writing teaching can take two forms: one is indirect evaluation, which records the feedback generated by bilateral activities between teachers and students at any time.
The second is the general evaluation, that is, the opinions or suggestions formed after the comprehensive analysis of indirect evaluation are recorded in the record book. (Some notebooks have special comment columns) Communicate with teachers after class to learn from each other.
Second, according to the focus of the lecture, grasp the main points of the record. When recording, sometimes it is too late to record everything you want to write. You can also spare a seat and make an addendum when you are free.
7. Record and reflection on the evaluation of the second grade Chinese. At the beginning of the second grade Chinese "Boulevard Pass", the junior middle school Chinese team listened to the lecture given by Mr. Heng, who taught the second grade Chinese "Boulevard Pass" text. The evaluation and reflection are briefly summarized as follows: Teacher Yao: 1, the lead-in design of this class is plain but effective.
The teacher asked the students to recite Peach Blossom Spring and introduced it into classroom teaching, which not only paved the way for learning new lessons, but also strengthened the accumulation of knowledge. What kind of society is "Datong" in Avenue Tong? As the starting point of this course, it has played a very good role in stimulating interest, and it should be said that this introduction is relatively successful.
2. The teacher set six questions for this class. Before class, students are asked to group the preview results on the blackboard. From the perspective of checking the preview effect and helping students understand the content, this link should be arranged reasonably, so as to cultivate students' ability of self-study, writing and problem solving. Discussion: When students state their answers, they just follow the script.
If we consider letting other groups express their opinions and discuss, it may activate the classroom and students' thinking. Teacher Xie: By designing six questions, the key points are prominent, and the knowledge points are put in place, teachers can guide reading in time, but students make less noise when presenting.
Teacher Liu: This course focuses on the connection between old and new knowledge. The classroom structure is complete and the knowledge points are basically put in place. The disadvantage is that the teacher's lecture voice is not very loud, students do not actively participate in the classroom, and the classroom atmosphere is rather dull. Teacher Niu: The teacher's thinking is clear and his speech speed is moderate, which gives students enough room for thinking. However, the display of students needs further emphasis and guidance from teachers, so that students who display nature and generosity can become role models.
Teacher Jin: Compared with Peach Blossom Garden, the problem design in this class is from easy to difficult, which helps students to understand the social characteristics of "Great Harmony". This article is written in classical Chinese, which needs to be read more. Students can express it through various reading forms, and feel, comprehend and appreciate it in reading.
Teacher Gong: As a Chinese teacher, Teacher Heng knows that the more open the classroom is, the better it will be for her teaching. Therefore, as a new member of Yang Ming, he dares to emancipate his mind and boldly try a new classroom teaching model. His strong sense of social responsibility and professionalism made me respect him. An open classroom is a classroom of humanity and democracy. It needs everyone to participate and have something to say. The right to speak in the classroom belongs to the students, and the leading role in the classroom belongs to the students.
In fact, this kind of classroom has higher requirements for teachers, which is a severe test for teachers' comprehensive quality. Teachers must keep charging and learning. Education is sacred and arduous, which requires constant efforts and exploration by all our educators. As the saying goes, "explore a new road with painstaking efforts, and you will see gold only after blowing out the yellow sand." I believe that if we have the courage and spirit of Mr. Heng to try boldly, our education will be more and more perfect and mature.
Reflecting on the beginning of school, the school organizes all teachers to learn the theory of teaching, scientific research and educational reform; The director of the county teaching and research section was also invited to give a lecture on the theory of new curriculum reform. On September 7th, I was lucky enough to listen to the students' demonstration class: novel classroom mode, warm classroom atmosphere and witty teaching ... which was well received by teachers and attracted me deeply.
During the period, I also listened to other teachers' classes, which was very enlightening. Therefore, I would like to take the opportunity of this lecture to try this new classroom model and ask my colleagues for advice.
A Passage to the Avenue is a short and pithy theoretical classical Chinese. It is difficult for junior high school students to understand thoroughly.
But I think it's a little difficult, just to give myself and my classmates a good exercise opportunity. Therefore, according to the teaching progress, use this article to attend classes.
Students are required to preview the text by self-study in the morning before class. Solve the problems of pronunciation and word meaning by yourself, and master the main idea of the text by combining the text notes.
And arranged the discussion questions of each group. Pay attention to group autonomy, cooperation and discussion.
Combine reading, discussion and guidance to organize the class. Classroom activities focus on students' independent discussion and inquiry.
In class, the students' discussion was not as enthusiastic as I thought, and some groups were obviously unprepared and their answers were too simple. Two of the six groups were well prepared and answered comprehensively, and their own ideas were also integrated into them, with good results.
There are two groups whose answers are more accurate and have not caused any objections from other students. Of course, it can't cause discussion, and it seems dull.
The answer of the first group is relatively simple. It has aroused the discussion of the students, and the students who make up the lessons can make improvements from different angles, forming a good discussion atmosphere.
It can be said that there are gains and losses. Review the whole class carefully.
I believe that although this course has completed the pre-set classroom teaching tasks, there are still many places worthy of improvement and improvement. 1, students are not prepared enough before class, so we must carefully organize the preparation before class.
Judging from the students' discussion, some groups have not discussed enough, and the results of the discussion are relatively simple and the conclusions are not comprehensive and in-depth. 2. Students are not enough to adapt to this classroom mode.
When some groups show the results of group discussion, their voices are too low, and even some people are at a loss and the classroom links are unfamiliar. It is necessary to participate in and exercise regularly in order to make continuous progress.
3. Teachers' ability to control the classroom should be improved. Because I don't know much about this classroom model, I don't have much contact.
Not familiar with the students' situation, not fully aware of the differences between individuals and classes. When organizing students to preview the discussion, it is not targeted.
Comments on students are also not in place. Did not create an active and smart classroom atmosphere.
These are my own superficial thoughts on this course, and I hope to get your comments.